The document discusses how science and education are changing in response to rapid technological, economic, social, and environmental changes. Some key points: - The complexity of knowledge is increasing, requiring deeper specialization but also more interdisciplinary research to address complex problems. The costs of research are rising significantly. - Globalization is influencing all aspects of science and education through increased internationalization, collaboration, and competition between universities. - Education systems must adapt to better prepare students for an uncertain future with jobs that may not even exist yet. This requires teaching skills like critical thinking and leadership over just knowledge acquisition. - Cooperation between countries can help build on shared experiences and increase critical mass in education and research to tackle

1. On the changing world of
science
Norbert Kroo
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
VRNJACKA BANJA 28.04.2013

2.  Rapid technological, political, social und cultural changes
 Financial, economic, political, social, cultural crises
 Decline of the old industries (with their value system)
 Increasing of the knowledge added value of products and
services
 Increasing competition combined with decreasing social
safeguarding
 Increasing need for making use of the full range of human
capacities
 Increasing need for „creative“ labour forces
 Increasing heterogenity of national populations
 Increasing unproductivity of national education systems

3.  Economy: + 500%*
 Population: + 50%*
 Energy Consumption: + 300%*
 Manufacturing Activity: +300%*
 Planets: +0%
* – World Resources Institute, The Weight of Nations, 2000
OUR PLANET IS GETTING SMALL

4. AND SCIENCE IS ALSO CHANGING
THE COMPLEXITY OF KNOWLEDGE INCREASES DEEPER
KNOWLEDGE IN NARROWER FIELDS
* INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH EXPANDS.(COMPLEX PROBLEMS)
* THE COST OF RESEARCH (INFRASTRUCTURE) SKYROCKETS.
GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT NEEDED.
* INCREASING CRITICAL SIZE IN RESEARCH. NETWORKING.
(BOTH FINANCIALLY AND IN HUMAN POTENTIAL)
* STRONGER INFLUENCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE ECONOMY
* NEW WAYS OF DOING SCIENCE: „KNOWLEDGE BORN IN CYBER-
SPACE” THROUGH THE INTERACTION OF DISLOCATED SCIENTISTS
AND INFRASTRUCTURE
* DEVELOPMENT COSTS BEYOND THE POSSIBILITIES OF
COMPANIES REQUEST FOR STATE INTERVENTION, COMPANY
CONSORTIA (JTI!)
* SCIENCE HAS BECOME FULLY INTERNATIONAL. GLOBALIZATION.

5. (HIGH)EDUCATION IS ALSO CHANGING
-SOCIETY STRUCTURE IS CHANGING SO DOES EDUCATION TOO
-THE CHANGE OF SCIENCE ALSO FORCES UNIVERSITIES TO
CHANGE
-THE TRANSFORM OF UNIVERSITIES IS THE TRANSFORM OF
TEACHING PRACTICES
-IN ADDITION TO KNOWLEDGE, UNIVERSITIES HAVE TO GIVE
CHANCES TO YOUNG PEOPLE TO BECOME RESPONSIBLE LEADERS IN
THE SOCIETY
-TO GIVE INTELLECTUAL STRENGTH TO SURVIVE COMPETITION AND
TO MAKE THE SOCIETY STRONGER
-THE SUCCES OF UNIVERSITIES IS THE SUCCESS OF THEIR ALOMNI
BUT THE TRANSFORMATION IS NOT EQUAL TO GETTING RID OF THE
OLD STRUCTURES COMPLETELY5

6. THE MAIN ELEMENTS OF THESE CHANGES
-INTERNATIONALIZATION: CURRICULA; MOBILITY; GRANT
APPLICATIONS
-MULTIDISCIPLINARITY: FACULTY STRUCTURE; SOCIAL
SCIENCE INVOLVEMENT; OKINAWA MODEL
-COLLABORATION: IN COMPETITION; UNIVERSITY-RPO AND
ACADEMIA-INDUSTRY COOPERATION; OPEN ACCESS.
-DEMOCRATIZATION: LEARNING PROCESS AROUND THE
STUDENT, NOT THE PROFESSOR (making mistakes is part of the
learning process); UNIVERSITIES FOR HIGH SCHOOLS (teach
them to better understand science); THE IMPACT OF THE
DEVELOPMENT OF ICT ON EDUCATION

7. GLOBALIZATION ALSO IN EDUCATION
AND TRAINING (also changing)
INCREASING NUMBER OF FOREIGN STUDENTS
NEW REGIONS INVOLVED IN TRAINING
TRAINING IN (GLOBALIZED) RESEARCH
STRONGER NEED TO SPEAK FOREIGN LANGUAGES
TO EXPLOIT INTERNET FOR LEARNING
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DATABASES ACCESSIBLE VIA
INTERNET
INCREASING COMPETITION AMONG UNIVERSITIES
CAREER PATHS ALSO CHANGE

8. MOTIVATIONS FOR COOPERATIVE ACTIONS
TO BUILD ON MUTUAL EXPERIENCE
INCREASING CRITICAL SIZE
TRUST,BASED ON LONG TIME (TRADITIONAL )
CONTACTS (more significant, than e.g. the big difference in
population, like US310M vs. Hungary10M)
DIFFERENT APPROACHES (based partly on the language
differences)
KEY SIGNIFICANCE IN EDUCATION AND RESEARCH

9. THE FUTURE CAN NOT BE PREDICTED...
BUT MAY BE INFLUENCED

10. “Perhrps five computers will be
needed on the world market.”
Thomas Watson, President, IBM, 1943
“The future computer will not be heavier
than 1.5 tonnes. ”
Popular Mechanics, 1949
“Noone should wish to have a
computer at home”. ”
Ken Olsen, DEC founder, 1977
“640K should be enough for
everybody. ”
Bill Gates, 1981
“Forecast is difficult,
especially about the future.”
Niels Bohr,
Yogi Berra,
Mark Twain
AND ABOUT
FORECASTS?
SHAKY GROUND!

11. THE PROBLEMS WE ARE FACING TODAY CAN
NOT BE SOLVED WITH THE SAME WAY OF
THINKING BY WHICH WE CREATED THEM
ALBERT EINSTEIN
THE STATE OF UNSTABLE (METASTABLE) SYSTEMS
CAN BE INFLUENCED WITH RELATIVELY SMALL
FORCES TO PROPAGATE INTO THE REQUIRED
DIRECTION

12. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!