3. Energy: the ability to do work (joules)
(amt. of E to lift an apple 1m)
• Energy comes in many forms.
4. FORMS of ENERGY:
•Thermal energy: energy from the rapid
movement of molecules, causing heat- high temp
to low temp
-moves faster at high temp
•Mechanical energy: Energy of motion & position
-stays the same unless transfers to another object
5. •Gravitational potential energy: potential energy
an object has if it falls
•Elastic Potential energy: potential energy of an
object as it is forced to change shape, but has the
ability to return to its
normal shape.
6. •Light energy: energy from light; vibrations of
electrically charged particles (NOTE: do not need
air to transmit… can transmit through a vacuum as
photons)
7. •Sound energy: energy from sound waves; objects
vibrate, transmitting some of the kinetic E to air
around it, air particles vibrate & transmit E to your
ear… YOU HEAR!
9. Most of energy in US goes to electricity
Generator: converts mechanical energy into
electrical energy
• Turn a magnet surrounded by a copper wire
• Creates an electromagnetic field which aligns
the electrons into a current of electrons
moving in one direction:
electricity
E L E C T R I C I T Y
10. HOW TO MOVE THE MAGNET- turbine?
• Steam moves in one direction and can spin the
turbine
• So, boiling water is a widely used method
11. HOW TO BOIL THE WATER?
• Biomass: Burn wood
• Burn fossil fuels
• Nuclear reactions
12. •Nuclear energy: energy that comes from changes
in the nucleus of an atom
•Fission break apart (power plants)
•Fusion put together (sun)
100,000,000°C: H joins to form He
14. • Chemical energy: energy from the interaction of
molecules
o Food chain- the conversion of solar energy
into chemical energy by an autotroph and
then the transfer of that energy between
organisms that eat it.
15. o Photosynthesis: sugar forms by rearranging
molecules to form: C6 H12 O6
o cellular respiration turns sugar into ATP
Energy the cell needs
o burning wood releases E as heat
o Explosion: rapid release of E
C H O + 6O 6CO 6H O 38 ATP6 12 6 2 2 2
6H2O 6O26CO2
+ + C6 H12 O62
16. E N E R G Y E F F I C I E NC Y
Energy is neither created or destroyed. It
changes forms.
17. Closed system: group of objects that only transfer
E to each other. (not everything is a closed system)
*In Conversion of E, some ALWAYS gets converted
to thermal E (not lost!)
Energy efficiency: comparison of the amount of E
before conversion, with the amount after
conversion
18. ENERGY CONVERSION LAB
Make a list of 10 gadgets. Denote the source of E and into
what kind of E it converts
GADGET SOURCE DESTINATION
Alarm clock Electrical E Light & sound E
Battery Chemical E Electrical E
Light bulb Electrical E Light & thermal E
Blender Electrical E Kinetic & sound E
19. Soccer ball moves (mechanical Energy)
> Kicking a soccer ball (mechanical Energy)
> muscles move forward (mechanical Energy)
> Energy goes to my muscles from food I eat
> (chemical Energy)
> the bacon I ate has Energy from the plants the pig ate (chemical
Energy)
> the plant has Energy from the sun (photosynthesis/light Energy)
> the sun gives off light Energy from nuclear fusion
> nuclear fusion comes from the combining of hydrogen atoms to
make helium…
ENERGY CONVERSION LAB 2
Choose one daily activity that you do. Trace the Energy
back as far as you can go.
21. Nonrenewable resource- an energy source that
cannot be readily replaced naturally in
comparison to its consumption
Renewable resource- an energy source that
can be reused or readily replaced naturally
22. •Fossil Fuels:
resource from ancient,
buried Carbon-
burning coal, oil &
natural gas
NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCE
We burn it to boil
water in electricity
production:
-Steam
-turbine
-generator
-electricity
23. PROS +
+ Natural gas used in
stoves, furnaces,
water heaters,
clothes dryers,
appliances,
electrical power
plants
+ produces lots of E
+ already have a
system of using it
worldwide
CONS -
⁻ nonrenewable
⁻ Pollution to air
⁻ Coal damages land
& pollutes water
⁻ Supplies limited
⁻ Drilling for oil
damages &
pollutes
⁻ Adds carbon
dioxide to global
warming equation
RESOURCE: FOSSIL FUELS
24. •Nuclear Fuels: splits radioactive atoms of
Uranium & Plutonium to produce
heat --> steam --> energy
NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCE
25. PROS +
+ No air pollution
+ Lots of Energy is
released
CONS -
⁻ Non-renewable
⁻ Produces radioactive
waste that must be
safely stored for long
time
⁻ Nuclear accident
could release
radioactive materials
into environment
(Chernobyl
3-mile Island)
RESOURCE: NUCLEAR ENERGY
26. •Solar Energy:
Used for HEAT or ENERGY
•solar cells hold water or
silicon, sun/light heats it
(= hot water/spaces or
electric charge from
heated silicon molecule)
RENEWABLE RESOURCE
At Night: solar batteries
store E
27. PROS +
+ Renewable- lots of it
+ Free
+ No air pollution
+ No environmental
pollution
CONS -
⁻ Can’t produce
electricity at night so
must be stored in
solar batteries
⁻ Expensive right now
RESOURCE: SOLAR ENERGY
28. •Hydropower
Dams built to control water flow of rivers
Water rushes down through tubes inside dam.
Moving water drives electrical generators
built inside the dam
RENEWABLE RESOURCE
29. PROS +
+ Renewable- lots of it
+ Free
+ No air pollution
+ No environmental
pollution
CONS -
⁻ Can’t be used
everywhere; need
large river
⁻ Making a dam
requires building of
reservoir (man-made
lake)
RESOURCE: HYDROPOWER
31. PROS +
+ Renewable- lots of it
+ Free
+ No air pollution
+ No environmental
pollution
CONS -
⁻ Need a reliably windy
place
⁻ Turbines are noisy
⁻ Birds and bats have
been killed
RESOURCE: WIND ENERGY
32. •Geothermal Energy: using heat from inside
the earth to warm
water --> steam --> energy
(radioactive decay of uranium= heat)
RENEWABLE RESOURCE
Iceland
33. PROS +
+ Renewable- lots of it
+ Free
+ No air pollution
+ Natural hot
springs/geysers
CONS -
⁻ Need to be located
over volcanically
active ground
RESOURCE: GEOTHEMAL ENERGY
34. •Biomass
organic matter is
burned to release
Energy
Burning wood;
captured methane;
municipal waste;
agricultural residue;
ethanol- made from
fermenting crops like
corn; added to gasoline
VIDEO
RENEWABLE RESOURCE
35. PROS +
+ Gets rid of a waste
+ Reduces amount of
gasoline being used
CONS -
⁻ Releases carbon
dioxide
⁻ Could affect food
availability since it’s
made from crops
⁻ Clearing trees to grow
corn: rainforest
RESOURCE: BIOMASS
36. LAB ENERGY PRO’s & CON’s
List the advantages & disadvantages of the
following sources of Energy.
ENERGY TYPE ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
Fossil fuels
nuclear
solar
water
Wind
Geothermal
Biomass
37. • Electricity HSW
• Solar Energy HSW
• Wind Energy HSW
• Nuclear Fusion HSW
• Hydroelectric Power HSW
• Oil drilling HSW
• Geothermal Energy HSW
• Energy Pyramid HSW
