about generating power with good environment measures,as convectional process may damage the atmosphere ,,&more ever using unlimited resources to have generation of acive or usefull power .as the coal is main resource in generating power but it may exist for long time,,,so its our intension to find a resource that exit for long time
2. CONTENTS
1)Why do we need Electrical energy?
2)Energy resources.
3)Power stations
4)Conventional ways of generating electricity.
5)Nuclear Power.
6)Fossil fuels & Their alternatives.
7)Types of Energy Sources.
8)Conclusion.
3. Why do we need electrical energy?
• We need electrical energy to power
the appliances in our homes.
• Electrical energy powers
factories in order to make things.
• Without electricity we wouldn’t
have technology as we know it
today.
4. Energy Resources
• There are a number of sources of energy that we could
use to generate electricity.
• The most common are called fossil fuels.
• Power stations use fossil fuels to
generate electricity.
•We burn fossil fuels to release heat
energy.
•The heat energy is used to heat water
to produce steam.
•The steam drives a turbine and then a
generator which converts the kinetic
energy of the turbine into electrical
energy.
6. Oil – Burning oil also releases Carbon Dioxide and
Sulphur Dioxide.
Gas – Burning gas releases Carbon Dioxide gas.
• Fossil fuels consist of Coal, Oil
and Gas.
Conventional Ways of Generating Electricity
Coal – Burning coal releases Carbon
Dioxide (a Greenhouse gas) and
Sulphur Dioxide.
•Both of these gases dissolve into the
clouds and create acid rain.
7. Nuclear Power - Not a Fossil Fuel!
An accident could cause extreme damage to the
surrounding area from radiation and nuclear fallout.
Also getting rid of the dangerous waste produced is
costly.
However the cost of the actual nuclear fuel is very
Nuclear – They do not
produce ‘greenhouse Gases’ or
produce acid rain. When they
are running normally, very
little radiation escapes to the
surroundings.
Uranium, which is a nuclear fuel, is not burnt. A nuclear
reaction is required to release the energy.
8. Fossil fuels and Nuclear fuels will
eventually run out.
Fossil fuels take millions of years to form
in the Earth’s surface and they are being
used up faster than they are being made.
This means fossil fuels will eventually
run out!
Also, we only have a limited supply of
nuclear fuel and so this will also
eventually run out.
9. Alternatives to Fossil Fuel?
• If both Nuclear fuel and Fossil fuels
will eventually run then it makes sense
to replace them with something else.
• Also, it makes sense to replace them
with something which does not pollute
the Earth!
10. Types of energy sources
Non Renewable
• Coal
• Oil
• Gas
• Nuclear
Renewable
• Solar
• Wind
• Hydroelectric
• Tidal
• Geothermal
• Biomass
Non-renewable
will not be
replaced.
Renewable are
being replaced all
the time.
11. SOLAR ENERGY
• The Sun can be described as
our ultimate source of
energy.
• Energy to grow our food
comes from the Sun.
(Photosynthesis converts light into plant
food)
• The Sun heats the Earth.
• The energy from the Sun drives the weather which gives
us wind, waves and rain.
12. We can change sunlight to
Electricity by using solar
Photovoltaic cells. This electrical
Energy can then be used directly in
the home or in larger scale projects
as shown.
Solar Cells are quite expensive & required large area to generate a
substantial amount of power, also, they do not produce a constant
supply of power. e.g. at night.
Despite this, they are often the best energy source
for producing electricity in remote locations
e.g. on a satellite or when only small amounts of
electricity are needed.
13. WIND ENERGY
Wind is another kind of
energy that makes things
work. You can’t see the wind,
but when it blows on a windy
day you can feel it push
against your body.
Some areas of the world
have areas that are windy
most of the year, but the
amount of electricity
produced always changes
with the strength of the
wind.
14. Blowing wind spins the blades on a wind
turbine. The spinning blades turn a
generator that makes electricity.
Some people say that ‘wind farms’ look
unsightly and that they produce a lot of noise as
they turn around. This could cause are a
nuisance to people living nearby. This is called
visual and noise pollution.
15. HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY
Moving or falling water can be used to do work. Years ago moving
water turned wooden wheels to grind flour. Today moving water is
used to make electricity in HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATIONS.
16. Hydroelectric power stations use water to make
electricity.
Dams, usually in the mountains, are built to hold
river water forming a huge lake this water then
flows through a pipe called a penstock and into a
machine called a turbine which has blades like
a big fan.
The water pushes against the blades
and makes them turn. This rotating
turbine is connected to a generator
that makes electricity.
17. Problems with Hydroelectric Power
Hydroelectric schemes involve damming upland
river valleys.
This involves flooding vast areas of land that could
have been used for farming or forestry.
Hydroelectric power stations cannot
produce a constant supply of
electricity – eventually the water in
the top dam will run out and will
only be able to supply electricity
when it is refilled.
18. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
Geothermal means “earth heat” and is as old as the world itself. Deep
underground the earth is very hot and this can be used to heat water.
19. Around 3000m below the earths surface
the rock is molten.
Water sometimes comes close to this rock
and turns into steam.
This water can reach temperatures of
more than 230degrees Celsius (Remember
water boils at 100 degrees)
In some areas of the
world there is enough
steam produced to turn a
Turbine and produce
Electricity.
20. TIDAL ENERGY
The energy of moving water due to the flow of the tides can
be harnessed to produce electricity.
21. The way that electricity is generated from the
tide is similar to hydroelectric stations, except
that water is able to flow in both directions.
the photograph opposite shows a tidal barrage
built across an estuary, and also one of the
huge turbines that will turn when water
rushes
through it
In its simplest form the barrage
directs the flow of the tide
through a turbine which turns
to move a generator and
create electricity.
However building barrages across river estuaries can destroy the
habitat of many organisms e.g sea birds and the other animals on
which they feed.
22. BIOMASS
Another sustainable energy
resource is plant matter which
is called Biomass.
Forests and certain crops can
be cultivated to provide fuel for
burning.
The fuel is burnt to
release heat. The heat
boils water to produce
steam which turns a
generator. The generator
converts the KE of the
steam into electricity.
23. Conclusion
• In order to protect our environment it is
better to use Renewable sources to generate
power.
• Electricity is the basic element for
everything but their generation should not
disturb environment.
• So we should prefer to use renewable
sources to generate electricity.
