1. Shifting publishing models and
Open Access, new sands
new opportunities for African universities
New publishing models and new opportunities for
African universities
Open Access Day University of Botswana
Eve Gray
2011
Some rights reserved by Mister-E

2. Eve Gray
Centre for Educational Technology
IP Law and Policy Research Unit
University of Cape Town
http://www.evegray.co.za
http://www.scaprogramme.org.za
http:/www.uctipunit.wordpress.com

3. The Budapest Open Access Initiative
An old tradition and a new technology have converged to make possible an
unprecedented public good. The old tradition is the willingness of scientists and
scholars to publish the fruits of their research in scholarly journals without
payment, for the sake of inquiry and knowledge. The new technology is the
internet. The public good they make possible is the world-wide electronic
distribution of the peer-reviewed journal literature and completely free and
unrestricted access to it by all scientists, scholars, teachers, students, and other
curious minds. Removing access barriers to this literature will accelerate research,
enrich education, share the learning of the rich with the poor and the poor with
the rich, make this literature as useful as it can be, and lay the foundation for
uniting humanity in a common intellectual conversation and quest for knowledge.
The Budapest Open Access Initiative, December 1-2 2001.
Open Society Institute http://www.soros.org/openaccess

5. OA in the mainstream

6. http://open-access.org.uk/

7. Salvatore Miele CERN OAI17 2011

9. What does the University of
Botswana seek to gain from
research publication?

10. Profiling the university in
the interests of prestige as
well as relevance in the
local context

11. Science Research - 2001
http://www.worldmapper.org
2006 SASI Group (University of Sheffield) and Mark Newman (University of Michigan).

12. but will developments in OA
publishing help reverse this
situation?

13. Policy formulation
needs to anticipate the
future

14. What will scholarly
communications look
like in 2021?

15. finding the future in the
past

16. From the Royal Society
and Philosophical
Transactions...
(1655)...

18. ...to PLoS ONE

20. Transactions - journals
as...
• Exchange of ideas and sharing of knowledge in a
community of scholars;
• Effective communication with a wider audience;
• Recognition of the value of research and
innovation;
• Contribution to the ‘Universal good of Mankind’.

21. The trajectory of journal
publishing
• From 17th to 20th century, mostly society and
independent journals, slow growth;
• 1655 Transactions and Journal des Savans; by 1850,
100 journals;
• Most journals were society journals.
Alma Swan 2011; McGuigan and Russell 2008; Jean-Claude Guedon 2001.

22. 20th century rise of the
commercial journal industry
• Post war, the information society provides
opportunities for commercial players;
• Massification of universities fuels journal growth;
• Now around 25,000 journals;
• Promotions and recognition driven by industry-
controlled metrics

23. The ‘journals crisis’
• Monopolisation of the
industry - Elsevier,
Springer and Wiley
control 42% of the
market;
• Price increases erode
library budgets: ARL
expenditure increased
302% between 1986
and 2005.
Glenn S McGuigan and Robert D Russell, The Business of Academic Publishing: http://southernlibrarianship.icaap.org/content/v09n03/mcguigan_g01.html

24. NAGPS: A Summary of the FRPAA and Open Access Debate (2010)
http://www.nagps.org/files/FRPAA%20and%20open%20access_0.pdf

25. Getting back to the
roots...

27. From the Royal Society
26 October 2011

29. What else the Royal Society makes
available

30. developing country
publishing gains ground

33. self publishing by
universities

34. Stellenbosch University

35. The disruptive energy
of digital media

36. ‘I think of Nature as a
scientific communication
company rather than a
journal publisher.’
Timmo Hannay (Nature Publishing), Publishing Open Content (video) 2008. Produced by Belsizen3ws. http://www.youtube.com/user/belsizenw3

40. Linking to data
resources becomes
important

41. http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v43/n4/full/ng0411-281.html

42. collaboration and
interdisciplinarity

43. Jevin D West http://chronicle.com/article/Maps-of-Citations-Uncover-New/128938/?sid=wc

44. Community building

46. The growth of Open
Access

47. OA journals
• Non-profit open access journals - Public Library of
Science;
• Thousands of smaller independent, society and
university-based journals;
• Repositories - PubMed Central, supported by
National Institutes of Health;
• Commercial open access - Biomed Central;
Hindawi;
Laakso M, Welling P, Bukvova H, Nyman L, Björk B-C, et al. (2011); S. Miele, CERN OAI17

48. OA
in the developing world
• SciELO in Latin America - 800 journals,
300,000 articles;
• SCiELO South Africa, supported by the
DST, run by the Academy of Science of SA;
• Bioline International provides a platform
for developing country journals.
Alma Swan 2011, http://www.wsis-community.org/mod/file/download.php?file_guid=371469

49. Salvatore Miele CERN OAI17 2011

50. Salvatore Miele CERN OAI17 2011

51. OA and impact
• There is some debate on whether OA
increases impact; 31 studies altogether, 27
say yes, 4 say no difference;
• Impact increase up to 600%
• There is little doubt that there are strong
advantages for developing countries.
Alma Swan 2011, http://www.wsis-community.org/mod/file/download.php?file_guid=371469

52. Open Access journals
come of age

53. PLOS One - a
disruptive model

54. Broad cross-disciplinary
publication

56. Split peer review - technical
pre-publication, impact
evaluation post-publication

57. Mark Patterson, CERNOAI17 2011

58. Mark Patterson, CERN OAI17 2011

59. Linking of supplementary
content - the article is part of a
hub

60. Commercial publishers
follow suit

64. The reaction against
commercial journals
goes mainstream

66. Vigorous debate about
metrics - the
‘altmetrics’ movement

68. Peer review under the
spotlight

69. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201012/cmselect/cmsctech/856/85602.htm

70. potential for more
flexible research
publishing

71. journal platform linked
to content platforms

72. social media for
collaboration and
community

73. open data for regional
research capacity
growth

74. Plos One journal model
for regional
collaboration?