15. MEDIASTINUM
• DIFFINATION: SPACE BETWEEN TWO LUNGS
• BUNDARIES: STERNUM ANTERIORLY, VERTBRAL COLUMN
POSTERIORLY, MEDISTINAL PLEURA ON TWO SIDES, SUP
THORACIC APERTUR SUPERIORLYM, AND DIAPPHRAGM
INFERIORLY.
• DIVISION: IMAGINARY LINE PASSING FROM STERNAL ANGLE
ANTERIORLY TO INTERVERTEBRAL BETWEEN T4 & T5
POSTERIORLY DIVIDS THE MEDIASTINUM INTO SUP
MEDIASTINUM ABOVE AND INFERIOR MEDIASTINUM
BELOW
• THE INFERIOR MEDIASTINUM IS DIVIDED FURTHER BY
PERICARDIUM INTO ANT, MIDDLE AND POSTERIOR
MEDIASTINUM.
26. DIAPHRAGM
• PARTS
I. STERNAL PART
II. COSTAL PART
III. LUMBAR PART
• OPENINGS
A. AORTIC OPENING (AORTA, THORACIC
DUCT, AZYGUS VEIN)
B. ESOPHAGEAL OPENING (ESOPHAGUS,
RT< VAGUS NERVES, ESOPHAGEAL
BRANCH OF LT GASTRIC ART.)
C. CAVAL OPENING (IVC, RT PHRENIC
NERVE)
D. STERNOCOSTAL FISSURE (SUP
EPIGASTRIC VESSELS)
E. OPENINGS FOR GREATER, LESSER
&LOWEST SPELANCHNIC NERVES
&SYMPATHETIC CHAIN
27.
28. DIAPHRAM VESSELS & NERVES
a. VESSELS:
PERICARDICOPHRENIC,
MUSCULOPHRENIC, SUP
PHRENIC ART, INFERIOR
PHRENIC ARTERIES.
b. NERVES:
1. MOTOR: PHRENIC
NERVES
2. SENSORY: PHRENIC
NERVES FOR CENTRAL
PART, LOWER SIX
THORACIC NERVES FOR
PERIPHERAL PARTS
105. The Ventricles – Pump blood
The Heart has 4 Chambers
The Atria – receive blood
106.
107. R Atrium – receives blood from body (IVC, SVC).
R Ventricle – Pumps blood to Lungs (PT).
L Atrium – receives blood from lungs (L&R PV).
L Ventricle – Pumps blood to Body (Aorta).
Coronary sinus
226. DIAPHRAGM
• PARTS
I. STERNAL PART
II. COSTAL PART
III. LUMBAR PART
• OPENINGS
A. AORTIC OPENING (AORTA, THORACIC
DUCT, AZYGUS VEIN)
B. ESOPHAGEAL OPENING (ESOPHAGUS,
RT< VAGUS NERVES, ESOPHAGEAL
BRANCH OF LT GASTRIC ART.)
C. CAVAL OPENING (IVC, RT PHRENIC
NERVE)
D. STERNOCOSTAL FISSURE (SUP
EPIGASTRIC VESSELS)
E. OPENINGS FOR GREATER, LESSER
&LOWEST SPELANCHNIC NERVES
&SYMPATHETIC CHAIN
291. مغبنی کانال حدود
Ant Wall : Apponeurosis of ext. oblique M
Post Wall : The fascia transversalis
Inf Wall : (Floor)inguinal ligament
Sup Wall : lowest fascia of internal oblique and
transversalis
297. Cord
• The spermatic cord : is a collection of strs. that pass through the
inguinal canal to & from the testis , it is formed from :
• 1- The vas deferens .
• 2- the testicular artery .
• 3- The testicular veins (pampiniform plexus).
• 4- Testicular lymph nodes .
• 5- autonomic Nn.
• 6-processus vaginalis .
• 7- Cremasteric A.
• 8- Artery to vas deferens .
371. Descending Colon:
It is 25 cm long , extended from the
Splenic flexure downward to pelvic
brim to continue with Sigmoid
Colon
The Sigmoid Colon:
It is 35 cm long begins at the Pelvic
brim to continue with the Rectum
at S3 level.
It is attached to the post wall of
Pelvis by the sigmoid mesocolon
372. The Rectum :
It is 13 cm long begins in front of S3
as the continuation of Sigmoid colon
to Pass downward fallowing the
curve of sacrum & coccyx to the tip
of the coccyx where it pierce the
pelvic diaphragm & continues with
anal canal. It dilated lower part is
called the ampulla.
The Anal Canal :
It is 5 cm long extended from the
pelvic diaphragm to the anus
opening & surronded by the anal
Sphincter
431. DIAPHRAGM
• PARTS
I. STERNAL PART
II. COSTAL PART
III. LUMBAR PART
• OPENINGS
A. AORTIC OPENING (AORTA, THORACIC
DUCT, AZYGUS VEIN)
B. ESOPHAGEAL OPENING (ESOPHAGUS,
RT< VAGUS NERVES, ESOPHAGEAL
BRANCH OF LT GASTRIC ART.)
C. CAVAL OPENING (IVC, RT PHRENIC
NERVE)
D. STERNOCOSTAL FISSURE (SUP
EPIGASTRIC VESSELS)
E. OPENINGS FOR GREATER, LESSER
&LOWEST SPELANCHNIC NERVES
&SYMPATHETIC CHAIN