This document discusses electrochemical methods and conductometry. It introduces conductometry as the determination of electrical conductance of an electrolyte solution using a conductometer. Conductometry is based on how ions in solution affect conductivity, which depends on ion type, concentration, temperature and mobility. The principles of conductometry and conductometric titration are explained. Conductometric titration involves substituting ions of one mobility for ions of another mobility until the equivalence point is reached. Examples of different types of titrations such as strong acid-strong base, strong acid-weak base, weak acid-strong base, and weak acid-weak base are provided.

2. SYLLABUS

3. BOOKS FOR REFERNCES

4. UNIT V

5. UNIT 5- ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD
 ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS:
Electrochemical methods are analytical techniques that use a
measurement of potential, charge or current to determine an
analyte concentration or to characterize an analytes chemical
Techniques.
 These methods are divided into 3 major groups
Conductometry
Potentiometry
Polarography
ANALYTE :SUBSTANCE WHOSE CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS ARE BEING IDENTIFIED AND
MEASURED

6. CONDUCTOMETRY : INTRODUCTION, CONDUTIVITY CELL,
CONDUCTOMETRIC TITRATION & APPLICATION
INTRODUCTION:
 It is defined has as determination or measurement of the
electrical conductance of an electrolyte solution by means of a
conductometer is called as conductometery.
CONDUCTOMETERY= Conductance & Measurement
 Conductivity: It is ability of solution to pass an electrical
current.
 SI Unit of Conductivity: S/m (siemens per meter) in SI units.

7. FACTORS
 Electric conductivity of an electrolyte solution depends on:
1. Type of ions (cations, anions, singly or doubly charged )
2. Concentration of ions
3. Temperature
4. Mobility of ions

8. PRINCIPLE
 Based on the conductance of electrical current through electrolyte
solutions similar to metallic conductors.
 The electric conductance in accordance with ohms law which
states that the strength of current(I) passing through conductor is
directly proportional to potential difference(V) and inversely to
resistance(R).
 I=V/R
where,
I = strength of current
V= potential difference
R= resistance

12. Instrumentation : Conductivity Cell

17. CONDUCTOMETRIC TITRATION

18. CONDUCTOMETRIC TITRATION

20. PRINCIPLE
 When chemical reaction occurs, replacement or
substitution of ions take place and depending upon
ionic conductance of replacing and replaced ions
conductance will either increase or decrease.
 The principle of titration is based upon substitution
of ions of one mobility by ions of another mobility.
A+B-+ C+D- = A+D- + C+ B-

21. CONDUCTANCE OF IONS

22. STRONG ACID WITH STRONG BASE
STRONG
BASE
STRONG
ACID
A+B-+ C+D- = A+D- + C+ B-

24. STRONG ACID WITH WEAK BASE
WEAK
BASE
STRONG
ACID

25. WEAK ACID WITH STRONG BASE
STRONG
BASE
WEAK
ACID

26. WEAK ACID WITH WEAK BASE
WEAK
BASE
WEAK
ACID