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Diarrhea disease
1. DIARRHEA:
INTRODUCTION:
Diarrhea is derived from Greek word, meaning
âflowing throughâ. It is the second leading cause of
death in children under 5 years of age.
DEFINITION:
According to WHO, Diarrhea is defined as âpassage of
3 or more loose stools per day or passing more
stools than normal for the ageâ.
2. INCIDENCE:
Every year there are about 1.5 to 2 billion death of
diarrheal diseases occurs. Diarrhea is the second
leading cause of child mortality and morbidity in
the world.
One in 5* children die of diarrhea every year in India.
It mostly due to contaminated food and water
sources.
6. ETIOLOGY:
The causes of diarrhea are as follows:
1) Infection
2) Drugs
3) Dietary causes
4) Surgical conditions
5) Miscellaneous causes
7. PHYSIOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES IN DIARRHEA:
Diarrhea
Metabolic acidosis
Loss of normal
alkaline secretions &
fluids
Dehydration
Chronic diarrhea
Inflammation & edema of
mucosal membranes
Increased bacterial growth
Poor nutritional status
Released organic
acids
Fluid loss &
carbohydrate increases
8. CLINICAL FEATURE & ASSESSMENT:
Clinical feature of diarrhea depends on its severity:
1) Mild diarrhea (2-5 loose stool)
2) Moderate diarrhea (10 or more loose stool)
3) Severe diarrhea (100 loose stool within 24 hours)
9. SIGNS OF
DEHYDRATION
MILD DEHYDRATION MODERATE
DEHYDRATION
SEVERE DEHYDRATION
ASK
â˘Diarrhea
< 4 loose stool/ day 4-10 loose stool/ day >10 loose stool/day
â˘Vomiting None or small amount Same Very frequent
â˘Thrist More than normal More than normal Unable to drink
â˘Urine Normal Small amount dark No urine for 6 hours
LOOK
â˘Condition
Baby is well alert Unwell, sleepy or
irritable
Very sleepy,
unconscious
â˘Tears Present Absent Absent
â˘Eyes Normal Sunken Very sunken
â˘Mouth & tongue Wet Dry Very dry
â˘Breathing Normal Faster than normal Very fast & deep
FEEL
â˘Skin
Goes back quickly Goes back slowly Goes back very slowly
â˘Pulse Normal Faster than normal Very fast
11. MANAGEMENT:
Management of infants and young children with
diarrhea & dehydration focus on:
1) Replacement of the fluids
2) Administration of prescribed drugs
3) Maintenance of nutritional status
4) Educate the mother regarding prevention of
diarrhea