The document discusses chemical bonding and reactions. It explains that atoms bond together by sharing or transferring electrons to attain stable electron configurations. Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve this stable configuration. The document then gives examples of sodium and chlorine bonding through ionic bonding, forming sodium chloride. It also discusses methane forming through covalent bonding. In summary, the document covers the concepts of ionic and covalent bonding at the atomic level to explain how different types of chemical compounds are formed.

2. Submitted by
Sandhya A.S
Physical Science

3. Unit
]ocntbmUnIv tS_nfpw
cmk_Ôhpw

4. cmk_Ôw

5. Bä¯nsâ t_mÀ amXrIbmWv n§Ä ImWp¶Xv.
Bä¯nv Hcp tI{ μ`mKap­v.
CXns yq¢nbÊv
F¶dnbs¸Sp¶p. yq¢nbÊns Npän CeIvt{Sm¬
k©cn¡p¶p. Cu CeIvt{SmWnsâ k©mc]mYbmWv
HmÀ_näv. yq¢nbknI¯v yqt{SmWpw
t{ ]mt«mWpw D­v.
t{ ]mt«mWnsâbpw,
CeIvt{SmWnsâbpw F®w Xpeyambncn¡pw.
Bä§Ä ØncX ssIhcn¡mmbn CeIvt{SmWpIÄ
jvSs¸Sp¯pIbpw tSn FSp¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.

6. tkmUnb¯nsâ AtämanI ¼À þ 11
CeIvt{Sm¬ hnymkw þ 2,8,1
cmk{ ]hÀ¯¯n tkmUnbw 1ē jvSs¸Sp¯n 2,8 F¶ CeIvt{Sm¬ LS
tSpw. AjvSIw ]qÀ¯nbm¡m³ th­nbmWv
ChnsS CeIvt{Sm¬
jvSs¸Sp¯nbXv.
C{ ]Imcw Hcmäw AjvSIw ]qÀ¯nbm¡m³ Hcmäw jvSs¸Sp¯pItbm
kzoIcn¡pItbmsN¿p¶ CeIvt{SmWnsâ F®amWv kwtbmPIX.

8. ChnsS tkmUnbw (Na) Hcp CeIvt{Sm¬ jvSs¸Sp¯pIbpw
AXv t¢mdn³ (Cl) kzoIcn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. Na CeIvt{Sm¬
jvSs¸Sp¯pt¼mÄ AXnv t]mknäohv NmÀPpw, t¢mdn³
CeIvt{Sm¬ kzoIcn¡pt¼mÄ sKäohvNmÀPpwe`n¡pw.

9. C{ ]Imcw CeIvt{Sm¬ ssIamä¯neqsS Bä§Ä
AtbmWpIfmIp¶p. Cu AtbmWpIÄ X½nepÅ
sshZypXmIÀjWw aptJbp­mIp
¶ _ÔamWv AtbmWnI
_Ôw.
Naclsâ CeIvt{Sm¬ tUm«vUb{Kw { i²n¡q.
_mlyCeIvt{Sm¬ am{XwkqNn¸n¨mÂaXn.

10. ImÀ_Wpw ssl{UPpw tNÀ¶p­mIp
¶ Hcp kwbpàamWv aosYbv³. CXnsâ
cmkkq{Xw CH4 BWv. X³am{Xm LSbnse cmk_Ôw ap¡v tm¡mw.
ImÀ_h¬, AtämanI ¼À þ 6
ssl{UP³, AtämanI ¼À þ 1
ChnsS CeIvt{Sm¬ hn«psImSp¡p¶Xnt¡mfpw CeIvt{Sm¬ ]¦phbv¡pIbmWv
A`nImayw. AXnmbn 4H cmk_Ô¯n ]s¦Sp¡p¶p.

11. asämcpZmlcWw tm¡p.
t¢mdn³ X·m{X
C§s Bä§Ä X½n CeIvt{Sm¬ ]¦nS aqeap­mIp
¶ _ÔamWv klkwtbmPI
_Ôw.

12. kwbpàw AtbmWnItam klkwtbmPIamtWmF¶v F§s aÊnem¡mw.
AjvSIw kz`mhw ssIhcn¡m³ th­n
kwtbmPn¡p¶ Bä§Ä CevIvt{Sm¬
kzoImcnIfmsW¦n kwbpàw klkwtbmPIkwbpàambncn¡pw.
Hcmäw CeIvt{Sm¬ jvSs¸Sp¯pIbpw Hcmäw CeIvt{Sm¬
kzoIcn¡pIbpw sNbvXm Ah kwtbmPn¨p­mIp
¶ kwbpàw
AtbmWnIambncn¡pw.

13. THANK YOU