Rice diseases and pest.pptx

!= wfgsf] d?jf jf cfFv] d?jf (Rice
blast)
of] cfFv] d?jf /f]u kfO/Ls'nfl/of cf]/fOhf -
Pyricularia oryzae)
eGg] 9';Lsf] lhjf0f'af6 x'G5 .
• /f]usf] nIf0f M wfg afnLsf] s'g} klg cj:yfdf nfUg
;Sg] of] /f]usf] z'?jft wfgsf] Jof8af6} z'? X'g
;Sb5 . of] /f]un] kft, 8fF8sf] cfFVnf, kftsf] cfwf/
efu, afnfsf] 3fF6L, afnfdf, afnfsf] tfGb|f / bfgfdf
;fd]t cfs|d0f ub{5 .

• of] /f]usf] nIf0f :j?k kftx?df cfpg] yf]Knfx? b'j} 5]plt/
r'lRrPsf jf 8'Ëf cfsf/sf c08fsf/ x'G5g . yf]Knfx? v}/f
/Ësf x'G5g / ljrdf ;]tf] ljGb' x'G5 .
• obL /f]usf] k|sf]k a9b} uPdf oL yf]Knfx?sf] cfsf/df
a[l4 eO{ Ps csf{;Fu ldln cGtdf k'/} kft 89fO{ lbG5 .
• o;sf] cltl/Qm 8f7df, cfFVnfdf jf afnfsf] 3fF6Ldf klg of]
/f]u nfUb5 . cfFVnfdf nfUg]nfO{ cfFVn] d?jf / Affnfsf]
d'lg cyf{t 3fF6Ldf nfUg] of] /f]unfO{ 3fF6Ldf nfUg]
d?jf(Neck Blight) elgG5 . of] /f]u nfu]df afnfsf] bfgf
k'/} kmf];|f] k'm;|f] eO{ pTkfbgdf 7'nf] x|f; cfpb5 .

• wfg afnLsf] d'Vo # cj:yfx? h:t} Jof8 cj:yf,
ufFlh/x]sf] cj:yf / afnf nfUg] cj:yfdf of] /f]usf]
cfs|d0f ljz]if /xG5 .
• of] /f]u g]kfnsf] wfg afnLsf] k|'dv /f]u xf] .
• of] /f]un] %) b]lv *) k|ltzt;Dd wfg afnLdf gf]S;fg
k'¥ofpb5 .
• /f]u nfUg] cg's'n jftfj/0f M /f]u nfUg] hftsf]
v]tL ul/g', Ps} k6s o'l/of dnsf] al9 k|of]u ul/g',
afSnf] /f]kfO{ ug{', abnL df};d, @% b]lv #) l8u|L
l8u|L ;]G6Lu|]8sf] tfks|d, w]/} jiff{t / clwstd
cfb|tf cfbL
• /f]usf] ;|f]t M /f]uL jLp, /f]un] u|;Lt wfgsf] 7'6f
tyf cGo cjz]ifx? / ljleGg 3fF;kftx? h:t} jG;f] 3fF;,
g]kLo/ 3fF;, jfF; cfbL

/f]syfdsf pkfox? M of] /f]usf]
/f]syfd lgoGq0f lgDg tl/sfx?af6
ug{ ;lsG5 )
v]tL ug]{ tl/sfdf ;'wf/ u/]/ M of] tl/sfaf6 /f]usf] k'/}
lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsGb}g t/ w]/} xb;Dd /f]usf] k|sf]knfO{ sd
ug{ ;lsG5 o; tl/sf cGtu{t lgDg s'/fx?df ljrf/ k'¥ofpg kb{5 .
 ;Gt'lnt / lzkmfl/z dfqfdf gfO{6«f]hg km:kmf]/; / kf]6f; ltg}
yl/ dnsf] k|of]u ug]{ / o'l/of dn dfq} al9 k|of]u gug]{ .
 Jof8df ljp kftnf] ul/ /fVg] .
 /f]u b]vf k/]kl5 nuftf/ Pp6} hUufdf Jof8 g/fVg] .
 ;+ej eP lxn] Jof8 /fVg] lsg ls w'n] Jof8df of] /f]u al9
nfUb5 .
 :jf:y v]taf/L tyf afnLaf6 jLp 5gf}6 ul/ /fVg] .
 /f]uL lj?jfsf afFsL cjz]ifx? hnfpg]
 Jof8 tyf v]taf6 3fF;kftx? 6fpg]
 lzkmfl/z cg';f/ plrt b'/Ldf nfO{gdf kftnf] ul/ /f]kfO{ ug]{

/f]u cj/f]ws hftsf] v]tL u/]/ M– of] tl/sf ls;fgx?sf]
nflu ;a} eGbf ;:tf], ;lhnf] / k|efjsf/L pkfo xf] . t/ of]
s'/f Wofgdf /fVg' kb{5 ls /f]u cj/f]ws hftsf] lj?4
/f]usf lhjf0f'x?n] klg cfkmgf] gofF gofF k|hftLx?
ljsf; ul/ hftx?sf] cj/f]ws zlQm ;bfsf] nflu sfod /lx
/xg lbb}g . To;}n] /f]u cj/f]ws hftx?sf afnLx? w]/}
jif{;Dd nuftf/ 7'nf] If]qdf nufO{ /xbfF /fd|f] x'b}g .
To;}n] cfkmgf] :yflgo xfjfkfgL ;'xfpbf] gof hftx?sf]
kl/If0fx? ul/ 5gf}6 u/]/ pko'{Qm hftx? km]b}{
hfg'kb{5 .
g]kfndf cfFv] d?jf /f]u cj/f]ws hft elg lzkmfl/z
ul/Psf hftx? kxf8L If]qsf] nflu s~rg, v'dn
@,$,%,&,( kfn'Ë @ / t/fO{ If]qsf nflu nIdL, b'uf{,
hfgsL, r}t] @, vh'/f @, cfO{ cf/ * / k/jfgLk'/ ! cfbL

h}ljs ljiffbLsf] k|of]u u/]/ M– cfh ef]nL] jhf/df of]
/f]usf] lj?4df k|of]u ul/g] h}ljs ljiffbLx? klg pknAw
 l;p8f]df]gf; kmnf]/];]G; eGg] JofS6]l/ofaf6 lgld{t
h}ljs ljiffbL xf] . of] JofS6]l/of ePsf] ljiffbL 9';L hlgt /
JofS6]l/of hlgt b'j} /f]ux?df w]/} k|efjsf/L x'G5 .
 k|of]u ug]{ tl/sf M lj?jfdf 5g]{ xf] eg] @=% b]lv %
u|fd k|lt ln6/ kfgLsf] b/n] 3f]nL lj?jf leHg] ul/ j]n'sL
5g]{
 % u|fd Ps lsnf] ljpsf] b/n] ljp 5g{ cufl8 ljp pkrf/ ul/
Jof8df 5g]{ .
 df6f]df k|of]u ug]{ xf] eg] $ lsnf] h}ljs ljiffbL @) lsnf]
/fd|f];Fu kfs]sf] uf]j/ dndf ld;fO{ !@ s¶f hUufdf 5g]{ .
o;/L 5bf{ df6f]df lr:ofgsf] dfqf sfod ul/g' kb{5 .
 gf]6 M /f;folgs ljiffbL 5l/Psf] 7fFpdf of] Tolt k|efjsf/L
x'b}g / /f;folgs ljiffbL k|of]u ul/Psf] :k|] 6+sL ePdf
kfgLn] # ÷$ k6s ;kmf u/]/ dfq k|of]u ug]{ . Sm'g}klg
h}ljs ljiffbL ljxfg jf a]n'sL lztndf 5g]{ cGoyf of]
k|efjsf/L g'xg ;S5 .

• /f;folgs ljiffbLsf] k|of]u u/]/ M– wfgsf] ljp
pkrf/sf] nflu sfj]{G8flhd ;d'xsf] s'g}klg /f;folgs
ljiffbL j]lei6Lg jf 8]/f];n %) 8Jn' kL @=% u|fd
b]lv $ u|fd k|lt lsnf] ljpsf] b/n] ljp pkrf/ u/L Jof8
/fVg]
• Jof8df g} of] /f]u nfu]df lxgf];fg %) O{=;L= ! Pd
Pn b]lv !=% Pd Pn jf sfj]{G8flhd @ u|fd k|lt
nL6/ kfgLsf] b/n] 3f]nL 5g]{ .
• wfgsf] jf]6 ufFlh/x]sf] j]nfdf of] /f]u nfu]df !)
!@ lbgsf] km/sdf dflysf dWo] s'g} Ps ljiffbL
;f]xL dfqfdf k|of]u ug]{ .
• of] /f]usf] xfgLsf/s cj:yf 3fF6Ldf nfUg] d?jf xf]
To;}n] /f]u nfUg] pko'Qm jftfj/0f ePdf afnf
j]nfdf Ps k6s / afnf k;fO{;s]kl5 Ps k6s dflysf

@= v}/f]yf]Kn] /f]u (Brown spot
disease)
of] /f]u lxn ldGyf]; :kf]l/od cf]/fOhf (Hilminthos
sporium oryzae) gfds 9';Laf6 nfUg] /f]u xf] .
of] /f]un] wfg afnLsf] g;{/L cj:yf b]lv wfg kfSg]
j]nf;Dd wfgsf] kft, 8fF7, kftsf] cfwf/ efu, afnf / bfgfdf
;d]t cfs|d0f ub{5 .

of] /f]usf] nIf0fx? M– wfg afnLsf] s'g}klg
cj:yfdf nfUg ;Sg] of] /f]u ev{/ pd|]sf] lj?jf jf j]gf{
b]lv g} z'? X'g ;Sb5 . of] /f]usf] nIf0f :j?k kftdf
cfpg] yf]Knfx? Aff6'nf jf c08fsf/ x'G5g h'g
tLnsf] bfgfsf] cfsf/;Fu ldNbf h'Nbf x'G5gg .
ev{/sf jf ljsl;t x'b} u/]sf yf]Knfx? uf9f v}/f] /Ësf
x'G5g eg] k'0f{ ljsl;t yf]Knfx? v}/f] /Ësf x'G5g
/ tLgsf s]Gb| efu k'm;|f] cyf{t v/fgL /Ësf] x'G5 .
o;sf] cltl/Qm ;a} h;f] yf]Knfx? kx]nf] lsgf/fn]
3]l/Psf x'G5g . oL yf]Knfx? Kfftsf] km]b / afnf,
bfgfdf ;d]t nfUg] ub{5 .

/f]u cfpg] cg'sn jftfj/0f M–
• /f]u nfUg] hftsf] wfg v]tL ul/g'
• /f]uL jLp, sd dlnnf] hldg
• gfO{6«f]hg tTjsf] sld, ;'Vvf tyf 5fl/o df6f], xNsf
tyf afnf}6] df6f], abnL df};d sd 3fd / nuftf/ jiff{,
al9 cfb|tf / @% b]lv #) l8u|L ;]lG6u|]8sf] tfks|d .
olx /f]un] ef/tsf] klZrd j+ufndf ef]sdf/L NofPsf]
lyof] .
• g]kfndf cfFv] d?jf kl5sf] bf];|f] k|d'v /f]u xf] .
ef/tsf] klZrd j+ufndf ;g !*$@÷$# df o;n] wfg
afnL k'/} gi6 u/]sf] lyof] . o;sf] Iflt al9 cfs|d0f
ePdf %) b]lv ^) k|ltzt;Dd x'g ;Sb5 .
gf]6 M– of] /f]un] cfFv] d?jf /f]un] h:tf] afnfsf]
3fF6Ldf / ufFhsf]
cfVnfdf s'xfO{lbg] ub}{g .

;fgf] ;f3'/f] v}/f] yf]Kn] /f]u ( Small brown
leaf spot)
of] /f]u ;sf]{:kf]/f hfG;Lgf ( Cercospro Jansina )
gfds
9';Lsf] lhjf0f'af6 x'g] /f]u xf] .
 of] /f]usf] nIf0f M– of] /f]usf] nIf0f :j?k wfgsf]
kftdf dl;gf t/ nflDrfn abfdL /+usf yf]Knfx?
cfp5g . oL yf]Knfx? kftsf] gzf;Fu ;fdfgGt/
x'G5g . o:tf yf]Knfx? Kfftsf] cltl/Qm kftsf]
km]b / afnfdf ;d]t nfUg ;Sb5g .
 o; /f]usf] nflu /f]ufpg] jftfj/0f v}/f] yf]Kn] /f]usf]
h:t} 5g . k|fo ul/ v}/f] yf]Kn] / ;fgf] v}/f] yf]Kn]
/f]ux? ;Fu;Fu} lj?jfdf b]vf kb{5g . of] /f]uaf6
v}/f] yf]Kn] hlt al9 gf}S;fgL k'¥ofpb}g
/f]usf] ;|f]tx? M– /f]uL ljp, cf;|obftf 3fF;kftx?,

/f]syfdsf pkfox? Joj:yfkgsf
pkfox?
v]tL ug]{ tl/sfdf ;'wf/ u/]/ M–
• :jf:y jLpsf] k|of]u ug]{ .
• /f]uL efux? / cGo emf/kftx? gi6 ug]{ .
• k|fËfl/s dn sDkf]i6 dn Pjd xl/of] dnsf] k|of]u ul/ df6f]sf]
cj:yf ;'wf/ ug]{ .
• plrt dfqf / pko'Qm ;dodf k6s k6s ul/ o'l/of dn k|of]u ug]{
• v]tjf/Ldf kfgLsf] plrt k|jGw ldnfpg] .
/f]u cj/f]ws hftsf] v]tL ug]{ M–
 o; /f]usf] nflu cj/f]ws hft eg]/ xfn;Dd lzkmfl/; ePsf 5}gg .
t/ klg lzkmfl/; ePdf ;L=Pr= $% hftsf] wfgdf of] /f]u sd
nfu]sf] kfO{Psf] 5 . cfkmgf] :yflgo xfjfkfgLdf nufpb}
cfO{Psf hftx? dWo] /f]u sd nfUg] hftsf] 5gf}6 ul/ nufpg] .

Hf}ljs 9';L gfzs ljiffbLsf] k|of]u u/]/ M–
• Dffuf]{;f]d Pg= Pkm= h}ljs 9';Lgfzs ljiffbL xf] .
of] lgddf cfwfl/t 9';Lgfzs xf] . k|of]u ljlw —
dfuf]{;f]d Pg= Pkm= # b]lv % Pd Pn k|lt nL6/
kfgLsf] b/n] 3f]nL 5g]{ . cfjZos k/]df !) b]lv !%
lbgsf] km/sdf k'g bf]xf]¥ofpg] .
/f;folgs ljiffbLsf] k|of]u u/]/ M–
• ljp pkrf/ u/]/ M– j]leli6g jf 8]/f];n %) 8An'=
@ u|fd k|lt lsnf] jLpsf] b/n] pkrf/ ul/ Jof8 /fVg]
• kfgLdf o'l/ofsf] @ k|ltztsf] 3f]n agfO{ -% u|fd
o'l/of k|lt nL6/ kfgLsf] b/n] 3f]nL_ wfgsf]
:k|] ug]{ .
• lxgf];fg %) O{=;L=!=% ldnL ln6/ Ps nL6/
kfgLsf] b/n] 3f]nL !) b]lv !% lbgsf] km/sdf @
k6s 5g]{ jf j]leli6g ! b]lv @ u|fd k|lt ln6/ kfgLsf]
b/n] ld;fO{ 5g]{ .

#= kft] km]b s'lxg] /f]u (Sheath
blight)
of] /fOhf]S6f]lgof ;f]nfgL kL=eL= ;f;fsL (Rhizoctonia
solani pv sasaki) gfdsf] 9';Lsf] lhjf0f''af6 nfUg] /f]u xf] .
• /f]usf] nIf0f M– of] /f]usf] nIf0f :j?k kftsf] km]bdf
c08fsf/ yf]Knfx? b]lvG5g . h'g z'?df v}/f v}/f xl/of]
/+usf x'G5g . kl5 oL yf]Knfx?sf] cfsf/df a[l4 eO{
j]cfsf/sf aGb5g / kl5 uP/ v}/f] /+udf kl0ft x'G5g . k|sf]k
al9 ePdf oL yf]Knfx? Aff]6sf] dflyNnf] efudf ;b}{ kftdf
;d]t k'Ub5g / k'/} kftx? 895g kmn:j?k k'/} af]6 89]sf]
h:tf] b]lvG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf 9';Lsf dl;gf ;]tf v}/f /+usf
u]8fx? b]lvG5g

• uFflhg] cj:yfdf kfgLsf] ;txg]/ wfgsf] 8fF7sf]
aflx/L efudf lardf ;]tf / lsgf/f v}/f] ePsf ;;fgf
wAafsf] ?kdf /f]usf] ljsf; x'G5 .
• lj:tf/} /f]u leqL ufFhdf km}nb} kftsf] dflylt/ klg
a9g yfNb5 / afnf;Dd /f]u k'Uof] eg] afnf k"/}
e'l;G5 .
• of] /f]usf] hLjf0f' df6f]df /xG5, kmn:j?k
df6f]af6 / kfgLaf6 oL hLjf0f'x? Ps 7fpFaf6
csf]{ 7fpFdf km}nb} hfG5g . of] hLjf0f' cGo
ljleGg 3F+;x?df klg afFRg ;Sb5 .

• /f]usf ;|f]tx? M– df6f], /f]uL lj?jfsf afFsL
efux?, cf;|o bftf 3fF;x? ljz]if ul/ ;fdf3f; .
• Iflt M– dWod k|sf]k ePdf % b]lv !) k|ltzt / jl9
ePdf #) b]lv $) k|ltzt;Dd
• g]kfnsf] t/fO{ If]qdf nufpb} cfPsf] xf]rf lasf;] /
gfO6«f]hg dn w]/} vfg] hft nufPsf] 7fpFdf ;f]gf
dG;nL / :k|Lof h:tf hftx?df km}nb} of] /f]u t/fO{
b]lv kxf8;Dd k''u]sf] b]lvG5 . cGo hftx?df
kmf6k'm6 dfq} cfs|d0f ub{5 . of] /f]usf] lhjf0f'
@ b]lv # jif{;Dd df6f]df /lx/xg ;Sg] x'bf /f]u jl9
nfUg] hftx? Hf'g g]kfndf lzkmfl/z gul/Psf]
hftx?sf] v]tL gug]{ .

• of] /f]uaf6 kftsf] cfwf/ 89fO{ lbg] ub{5 . ;fdfGo
dWod k|sf]k x‘Fbf lzyn] 9fs]sf] 8fF7df /f]]usf]
nIf0f k|fo gb]lvg] xF'bf kl5 afnf nfUb5 . To;}n]
kmf6km'6 ?kdf dfq} /f]usf] k|sf]k 5 / /f]usf]
nflu cg's'n jftfj/0f gldn]df pTkfbgdf sld cfpb}g
. of] /f]u al9 ;'Vvf xfjfkfgLdf dfq b]vf kb{5 / lr;f]
xfjfkfgLdf b]vf kb}{g .
/f]u cfpg] cg's'n jftfj/0f M–
• al9 ufFh xfNg] hftsf] v]tL .
• afSnf] ul/ /f]kfFO{ ug{' / ol/of dn dfq} al9
ug{'
• @% b]lv #) l8lu| ;]lG6u]|8sf] tfks|d x'g' .
• al9 cfb|tf .

lgoGq0f tyf Joj:yfkgsf pkfox?
v]tL ug]{ tl/sfdf ;'wf/ u/]/ M–
•v]taf/Ldf kfgLsf] lgsf; ul/Pdf /f]usf] k|sf]k s]xL
xb;Dd sd xG5 .
•al9 gfO{6«f]hgo'Qm o'l/of dnn] /f]usf] k|sf]k
a9fpg] ePsf]n] plrt dfqfdf gfO{6«f]hgo'Qm dn
k|of]u ug]{ / clgjfo{ ?kdf km:kmf]/;'oQm
l8=P=lk= / kf]6f; dn ;d]t k|of]u ug]{ .
• /f]u nfUg] hft h:t} ;f]gf d+;'nL sf] v]tL gug]{ .
• afSnf] /f]kfO{ gug]{ / b'/L ldnfO{ nfO{gdf /f]kfO{
ug]{
• v]taf/Ldf cf;|o bftf 3f;kftx? ;kmf ug]{ jf x6fpg]
• al9 ufFh xfNg] hftsf wfgx? nufpbf k|z:t dfqfdf
b'/L /fVg]
• /f]u cj/f]ws hftsf] v]tL ug]{ M– of] sfo{ ls;fg
:jodn] lzkmfl/; hftx?df ;f]gf d+;nL afx]ssf hftx?df

h}ljs 9;Lgfzs ljiffbLsf] k|of]u M– dfuf]{;f]d Pg=Pkm=
ljiffbL # b]lv % Pd=Pn k|lt nL6/ kfgLsf] b/n] ld;fO{
5g]{
• Osf];fd TV, lgk|6 TV of] Pp6f h}ljs 9;Lgfzs ljiffbL xf] .
o;df ePsf] 6«fO{sf]8df{ lel/8L gfds 9;Ln] /f]u Nofpg]
9;Lsf lhjf0fnfO{ gf]S;fg bu{5 . k|of]u ljwL M– !) u|fd
O{sf];fd jf lgk|6 ! lsnf] jLpsf] b/n] ljp pkrf/ ul/ Jof8
/fVg] . g;{/L jf af]6df 5g{ k/]df % u|fd O{sf];fd jf lgk|6
! nL6/ kfgLsf] b/n] ld;fO{ af]6 leHg] u/L 5g]{ .
Dff6f]df k|of]u ug]{ xf] eg] $ lsnf] O{sf];fd jf lgk|6 @)
lsnf] /fd|f]];Fu kfs]sf] uf]j/ dn jf sDkf]]i6 dndf ld;fO{
!@ s¶f hUufdf 5g]{ / lr:ofgsf] Jof:yf ldnfpg]
• lzyuf8{sf] k|of]u M– ;Lp8f]df]gf; Kfmnf]/];]G;
JofS6]l/ofaf6 lgld{t h}ljs ljiffbL jLp pkrf/sf] nflu %
u|fd k|lt lsnf]sf] b/n] jLp pkrf/ ul/ Jof8 /fVg], af]6df
5g{sf] nflu @=% u|fd k|lt nL6/ kfgLsf] b/n] ld;fO{
af]6 leHg] ul/ 5g]{ .

/f;folgs ljiffbLsf] k|of]u u/]/ M–
• lzydf/ emf]n ljiffbL ! ldnL ln6/ k|lt nL6/ kfgLsf]
b/n] ld;fO{ 5g]{ .
• lzydf/ ljiffbL gkfO{Pdf x]Shfsf]gfhf]n sG6fkm
% k|ltzt P;= Pn=@ ldnL nL6/ k|lt nL6/ kfgLsf]
b/n] ld;fO{ 5g]{ .
• olb dflysf b'j} 9';Lgfzs ljiffbL gkfO{Pdf j]leli6g jf
8]/f];fn ! b]lv @ u|fd k|lt nL6/ kfgLsf] b/n]
ld;fO{ 5g]{ .
• ljiffbL 5bf{ vf; ul/ /f]un] u|l;t efu kftsf] cfwf/ efu
- 8fF7_ u|;Lt efudf kg]{ ul/ 5g{' kb{5 .
• gf]6 M– of] /f]u z'? x'g';fy ljiffbL 5l/xfNg' kb}{g
. olb cg's'n jftfj/0f gePdf of] /f]uaf6 ;f]gf d+;nL
afx]s cGo wfgsf] hftx?df vf;} c;/ k'¥ofPsf]
kfO{Psf] 5}g .

$=kftsf] 88'jf (Bacterial Leaf
blight)
• of] /f]u HofGyf]df]gf; SofDk]l:6«; lk eL cf]/fOhL
(Xanthomonas Compestris pv.oryzae) eGg] AofS6]l/ofsf] lhjf0f'af6
x'G5 .
• of] /f]u wfg afnLdf b''O{ k|sf/n] b]vf kb{5 . kft 89g]
89'jf / cf]O{nfpg] s|];]s cj:yf
• s|];]s cj:yf M– of] cj:yf wfg /f]kfO{ u/]sf] @ b]lv #
xKtf leqdf lj?jf cf]O{nfP/ ujf/f] ls/fsf] cfs|d0f;Fu
e'mlSsg] ul/ wfgsf ufFhx? al9 dg]{ xflgsf/s cj:yf xf] .

• /f]usf] nIf0f M– of] /f]usf] nIf0f d'Votof b'O{
cj:yfx? 5g . cf]O{nfpg] / kft 89'jf . oL b'O{
cj:yf dWo] cf]O{nfpg] cj:yf al9 xflgsf/s cj:yf
xf] .
• 89'jf nIf0f vf; ul/ lj?jfsf] k|hgg cj:yfdf
k'u]kl5 b]lvG5 / of] kft / kftsf] km]b;Dd l;ldt
/xG5 . o;sf] nIf0f:j?k z'?df kftsf] lsgf/f jf s'g}
efuaf6 kfgLn] leh]sf] h:tf] w;f{x? kf/blz{
w;f{x? b]lvG5g . oL w;f{x? kl5 uP/ nDjfO{
tyf rf}8fO{ b'j}lt/ a9b5g / cS;/ u/]/ kftsf]
lsgf/fdf gfuj]nL ?kdf b]lvG5 . kl5 uP/ of] efu
kx]nf] jf k/fn] /+udf kl/0ft x'G5 . k|sf]k al9
ePdf o;sf] cfs|d0f kftsf] km]b / cem tn ;Dd

• cf]O{nfpg] s|];]s cj:yf M– of] cj:yf vf; ul/ /f]kfO{
u/]sf] @ b]lv # xKtf kl5 z'? X'G5 . of] cj:yfdf
zfsf0f' af]6sf] k'/} cfGtl/s k|0ffnLdf km}lnG5g .
kmn:j?k k'/} af]6 tyf ufFh cf]O{nfP/ dg{ yfNb5 .
• cf]Onfpg] cj:yf wfg afnLdf z'?df ujf/f] ls/fsf]
Iflt;Fu ldNbf h'Nbf x'G5g .
• ujf/f] ls/fsf] Iflt wfgsf] ufFhsf] ljrsf] a9g] efu
u'jf] dfq} cf]O{nfpg] ub{5 eg] JofS6]l/ofaf6
cf]O{nfpg] s|];]s cj:yfdf eg] ufFhsf] bfFof
jfFofsf] kft ;lxt ;a} g} cf]O{nfpg] x'G5 .
• /f]u u|:t af]6nfO{ pvn]/ 8fF7nfO{ sf6L lgrf]bf{
8fF7sf] tnaf6 xNsf kx]nf] /Ësf] kbfy{ lg:sG5 . of]
/f]usf] klxrfg ug]{ tl/sf klg olx g} xf] .

• /f]u cfpg] cg's'n jftfj/0f M–
• /f]u nfUg] hftsf] wfg v]tL , b'O{ afnL wfg v]tL ug]{ rng
• o'/Lof dnsf] al9 k|of]u, af]6df 3fp rf]6k6s nfUg'
• 6'Kkf r'8]/ /f]Kg] rng , /f]uL v]tjf/L kfgL nufpg] rng
• @% b]lv #) l8u|L ;]lG6u|]8sf] tfks|d x'g', jiff{ ;lxtsf]
abnL df};d
• s8f x'/Ljtf;
• vf;ul/ of] /f]u clws aiff{, clws tfkqmd, gfO6f]hg dnsf]
clws k|of]u, kfgLsf] lgsf;sf] sld ePsf hUufsf ;fy} b'O{
afnL wfg nufO{g] ;]lknf] hUufdf al9 k|sf]k b]lvG5 .
• /f]usf] ;|f]tx? M– /f]uL jLp, df6f], /f]uL lj?jfsf afFsL
cjz]ifx? cf>o bftf 3fF;kftx?
• Iflt #) k|ltzt;Dd / al9 ePdf *) b]lv *% k|ltzt;Dd

w;]{ /f]u ( Bacterial leaf streak)
• /f]usf] nIf0f M– of] /f]usf] nIf0f :j?k kftdf
kx]nf] jf ;'Gtnf /+usf] nfdf nfdf w;f{x?
b]lvG5g . oL w;f{x? kftsf] g;fx?sf] ljrdf
;fdfgGt/ ?kdf /x]sf x'G5g . k|sf]k al9 ePdf
oL w;f{x? Psfk;df ldln 7'nf] wJaf aGb5g /
6f9faf6 x]bf{ k'/} v]t 89]sf] h:tf] jf wfg kfSg
nfu]sf] h:tf] b]lvG5 .
• /f]usf] ;|f]t tyf /f]ufpg] cg's'n jftfj/0f dflysf]
89'jfsf] h:t} xf] .
• Iflt al9 k|sf]k ePdf o; /f]uaf6 @) k|ltzt;Dd
pTkfbgdf sld cfpb5 .

/f]syfd tyf Jofj:yfkgsf pkfox?
v]tL ug]{ tl/sfdf ;'wf/ u/]/ M– b'O{ afnL wfg v]tL ug]{ 7fFpx?df
of] /f]u al9 b]vf kg]{ x‘Fbf Jof8 /fVbf lxn] Jof8sf] ;66f w'n] Jof8
/fVg] lsgsL kfgL ePsf] 7fFpdf of] /f]usf] hLjf0f'x? al9 s[ofl;n x'g]
ub{5g
• 3fdsf] /fd|f] Aoj:yfkg jf afnLnfO{ ;]kLnf] x'gaf6 hf]ufpg],
• 6'Kkf] r'8]/ /f]Kg] rng eP To;f] gug]{, la?jfnfO{ 3fp rf]6k6s
nfUgaf6 hf]ufpg] .
• gfO{6«f]hgo'Qm o'l/of dn dfq} al9 k|of]u gug]{ . lsgsL o'l/of dn
dfq} al9 k|of]u u/]sf] v]tjf/Ldf of] ;d:of w]/} b]vf kg]{ ePsf]n] NPK sf]
;Gtlnt dfqf dfq} k|of]u ug]{ .
• of] /f]u nfu]sf] v]tjf/Lsf] kfgL :jf:y v]tdf gnufpg] .
• /f]uL af]6sf cjz]ifx? hnfpg] h;af6 cfpbf] l;hgdf /f]usf] ;|f]t sd eO{
Iflt guGo x'G5 .
• of] /f]usf] lhjf0f'x?nfO{ cf;|o lbg] emf/kftx? v]tjf/Laf6 x6fpg]
• /f]u gnfu]sf] :j:y v]taf/Laf6 jLp 5gf}6 u/L /fVg]

• /f]u cj/f]ws hftsf] v]tL u/]/ M– of] /f]usf] ;a} eGbf
k|efjsf/L / lskmfotL tl/sfn] lgoGq0f ug{ wfgsf] cj/f]ws
hftsf] v]tL ug{' xf] . xfn;Dd lzkmfl/; ul/Psf /f]u cj/f]ws
hftx? lgDg 5g . nIdL, r}t] @, r}t] $, rlGbgf, ljGb]/Zj/L,
cfO{ cf/ @), cfO{ cf/ @@, jif]{ @, vh'/f @, dsjfgk'/ !,
jf;dtL, kf]v|]nL dl;gf], ;f/f], 3}of wfg cfbL
• h}ljs tl/sfaf6 Jofj:yfkg M– Margosom NF gLddf
cfwf/Lt h}ljs ljiffbL # b]]lv % ldnL nL6/ k|lt nL6/ kfgLsf]
b/n] ld;fO{ 5g]{ .
• ;Lp8f]df]gf; kmnf]/];]G; h}ljs ljiffbL @=% b]lv # ldnL
nL6/ k|lt nL6/ kfgLsf] b/n] ld;fO{ 5g]{
• ufO{sf] tfhf uf]j/ @) u|fd k|lt nL6/ kfgLsf] b/n] 3f]n
agfO{ 5fg]/ k'/} af]6df /fd|f];Fu kg]{ ul/ ;ft ;ft lbgsf]

/f;folgs ljiffbLsf] k|of]u u/]/ M– jLp pkrf/ —
Pu|LdfO{l;g !)) jf :6]K6«f];fO{SnLg kfp8/ )=@%
)=@% u|fd Ps lsnf] ljpsf] b/n] 3f]n agfO{ pQm
3f]ndf wfgsf] ljpnfO{ #) ldg]6;Dd 8'jfP/ Jof8
/fVg] . of] rng Jofjxf/df Tolt rnfO{Psf] 5}g
• v]taf/Ldf of] /f]u nfUg z'? ePdf Pu|LdfO{l;g !)) jf
:6]K6«f];fO{SnLg gfds s'g} Ps ljiffbL # u|fd !)
nL6/ kfgLsf] b/n] ld;fO{ lj?jf leHg] ul/ 5g]{ /
cfjzos k/]df !) b]lv !% lbgsf] km/sdf k'gM
bf]xf]¥ofpg] .
• w;]{ /f]u ( Bacterial leaf streak) dflysf] 89'jf
h:t} xf] t/ o; tl/sfaf6 klg lgoGq0f gePdf cg'l;g
gfds JofS6]l/of gfzs ljiffbL # u|fd !) ln6/ kfgLsf]
b/n] ld;fO{ 5/]df /f]usf] lgoGq0f x'G5 .
• of] /f]u xfd|f] b]zdf kft 89'jf h:tf] Jofks ?kdf b]vf
k/]sf] 5}g t/ of] /f]u / kft 89'jf /f]u wfg afnLdf

Kfft] km]b s'lxg] /f]u ( Sheath rot )
• of] /f]u ;f/f] Snfl8od cf]/fhL ( Sarocladium
oryzea ) gfds 9';Lsf] lhjf0f'sf] sf/0faf6 nfug]
/f]u xf] .
• /f]usf] nIf0f M– of] /f]usf] nIf0f :j?k cfpg]
yf]Knfx? Aff]6sf] ;aeGbf dflyNnf] kft jf
emlG8kftsf] km]bdf b]lvG5g . oL yf]Knfx?
z'?df nflDrnf] / a]cfsf/sf x'G5g . oLgLx?
Vf}/f] /Ësf x'G5g / yf]Knfsf] ljr efu eg]
k'm;|f] x'G5 . /f]u a9b} hfg] qmddf oL
yf]Knfx?sf] a[l4 x'g uO{ yf]Knfx? Ps cfk;df
ldNb5g / dflyNnf] kftsf] km]b k'/} 9fs]/

• /f]u nfUg] hftsf] wfg v]tL ul/g' .
• km'n km'Ng] a]nfdf ;'Vvf jftfj/0f x'g' .
• ;fk]lIfs cfb|{tf $) b]lv %) k|ltzt;Dd x'g' .
• lr;f] xfjfkfgL, ujf/f] ls/fsf] k|sf]k x'g' .
Iflt M– ;fdfGo ?kdf !% b]lv @) k|ltzt;Dd / al9
Iflt *) k|ltzt;Dd pTkfbg 36g] x'G5 .
• lr;f] xfjfkfgLdf ;fk]lIfs cfb{|tf $) b]lv %)
k|ltzt;Dd jftfj/0f ;'Vvf ePdf of] /f]usf] lhjf0f'
;s[o /xG5 .

• of] /f]un] afnLsf] s'g cj:yfdf cfs|f0f ub{5 <
• of] /f]un] wfgsf] afnf lg:sg] cj:yf -k'mn
k'mNg] cj:yf_ k;fpg] cj:yfdf cfs|d0f ub{5 .
• afnLsf] s'g s'g efudf of] /f]un] cfs|d0f ub{5
<
• of] /f]un] emlG8kftsf] cfwf/sf] dflyNnf] efu
h:n] a9b} u/]sf] afnfnfO{ 9fs]sf] x'G5 /
afnfdf cfs|d0f ub{5 .
of] /f]un] xfn;Dd xfd|f] b]zdf Tolt al9 gf]S;fgL
u/]sf] kfO{b}g t/ /f]u eg] b]vf k/]sf] kfO{G5 .

/f]usf] lgoGq0f tyf Jofj:yfkg
• v]tL ug]{ tl/sfdf ;'wf/ u/]/ M–
• :j:y jLpsf] k|of]u ug]{
• v]tdf kfgLsf] plrt Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
• wfg /f]kfO{ ug]{ a]nfdf ;'Gtlnt dfqfdf NPKZnc
sf] k|of]u ug]{ .
• af]6df 3fp rf]6k6s nfUgaf6 arfpg] .
• /f]uL af]6 lj?jfsf] afFsL cjz]ifx? hDdf ul/
hnfpg] .

• /f]u cj/f]ws hftsf] v]tL ug]{ M– g]kfndf
of] /f]uaf6 Tolt al9 wfg afnLdf Iflt gePsf]
x'Fbf cGo /f]ux?df h:tf] cWoog cg';Gwfgx?
w]/} ePsf] 5}g . of] /f]u cj/f]ws hft eg]/
xfn;Dd lzkmfl/z ul/Psf hftx? 5}gg .
• h}ljs ljiffbLsf] k|of]u M– of] /f]usf] nflu
dfuf]{;f]d Pg=Pkm= gfds h}ljs 9';Lgfzs
ljiffbL # blv % Pd=Pn= k|lt ln6/ kfgLsf] b/n]
3f]nL j]n'sL kv lztndf /f]un] cfs|fd0f u/]sf]
If]q klxrfg ul/ 5g]{ .

• /f;folgs ljiffbLsf] k|of]u M–
• j]leli6g jf 8]/f];fn kfp8/ @ u|fd k|lt lsnf] ljpsf]
b/n] jLp pkrf/ ul/ Jof8 /fVg] .
• olb /f]u nfUg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 7fFpx?df afnf
lg:sg' cufl8 lxgf];fg %) O{=;L= emf]n ljiffbL
!=% ldnL nL6/ k|lt nL6/ kfgLsf] b/n] 3f]nL
5g]{ olb lxgf];fg ljiffbL gkfO{Psf] v08df
j]leli6g %) 8An= kL= @ u|fd k|lt nL6/
kfgLsf] b/n] 3f]nL ld;fP/ 5g]{ cfjZoQmf x]/L
!) b]lv !% lbgsf] km/sdf bf]xf]¥ofpg] .

%= wfgsf] P]h]? Jff sfnf] kf]s] /f]u
-False smut)
• of] /f]u cl:6nfuf]gf]O8f efO/]G; -Ustilaginoidea virens)
gfds 9'l;af6 x'G5
• bfgfdf ;'Gtnfsf bfgf cfsf/sf dl;gf kx]nf kmf]sfx?
b]lvG5g / lt kmf]sfx? kfs]kl5 km'65g / km'6]/
dl;gf] xl/of] kfp8/ lg:sG5 / kl5 sfnf] /+8df ablnG5 .

• /f]usf] nIf0f M– of] /f]usf] nIf0f wfgsf]
afnfdf b]lvG5 . wfgsf] bfgf aGg] c+u
e'|0fzfo vtd eP/ hfG5 . Affnfdf wfgsf] bfgf
nfUg'sf] ;§f 9';Lsf ljhf0f'x?sf] kf]sf] jf 9';Lsf]
y'k|f] aGg hfG5 . o:tf] kf]sf] aflx/af6 xl/of] /
leq kx]nf] jf ;'Gtnf /Ësf] x'G5 . kl5 uP/ of]
kf]sf] sfnf] /Ëdf kl/0ft x'G5 . o:tf /f]uL bfgf
wfgsf] ;2] bfgf eGbf b'O{ u'0ff 7'nf x'G5g /
aflx/af6 s8f x'G5g . ;lhn};Fu k'm6b}gg .
s]xL cj:yf jfx]s k|fo h;f] wfgsf] Pp6f afnfdf #
b]lv % j6f;Dd o:tf /f]uL bfgfx? b]vf kb{5g .
wfg afnLdf bfgf nfUg' cuf8L o;sf] cfs|d0f

• of] /f]u nfUg] hftsf] wfg v]tL h:t} ;fFjf dG;'nL cfbL .
• b'O{ afnL wfg nuftf/ nufpg] rng .
• Kf'mn v]Ng] j]nfdf pko'{Qm tfks|d -@% b]lv #) l8u|L
;]lG6u|]8_
• al9 cfb|{tf .
• abnL df};d .
lhjf0f'sf] ;|f]t M– /f]uL ljp, df6f] / v]t j/k/sf h+unL
wfg tyf 3fF;kftx? .
• xfjfsf] dfWodaf6 9';Lsf lhjf0f'x? cGoq km}lnG5g .
/f]uaf6 x'g] gf]S;fgL M– xfd|f] b]zdf of] /f]uaf6 vf;}
ul/ Tolt al9 gf]S;fgL u/]sf] 5}g t/ klg s]xL cj:yfx? jf
df]6f df]6L @) k|ltzt afnL of] /f]uaf6 Iflt ePsf] eGg]
tYof+s /x]tf klg ef/t / lkmlnkLG;df ljleGg ;dodf of]
/f]u dxfdf/Lsf] ?kdf km}lnPsf5g .

• xfd|f b]zsf ls;fgx? wfg afnLsf] s]xL afnfx?df
o:tf 9';Lsf kf]sfx? e]6]kl5 of] jif{ jl9 wfg
kmN5 eGg] s'/fdf ljZjf; u5{g
• ljz]if cj:yf jfx]s of] /f]uaf6 pTkfbgdf vf;}
gf]S;fg k'¥ofpb}g .

/f]syfd tyf Jofj:yfkgsf pkfox?
• v]tL ug]{ tl/sfdf ;'wf/ u/]/
• 3'Dt] afnL ckgfpg]
• :j:y ljpsf] k|of]u ug]{
• /f]u gnfu]sf] v]taf/Laf6 ljp ;+sng ul/ /fVg] .
• wfg v]tdf ePsf em/kftx?sf] Jofj:yfkg ug]{ .
• lzkmfl/; dfqfdf NPK sf] k|of]u ug]{ / o'l/of dn
dfq} al9 k|of]u gug]{ .
• z'?df g} wfgsf] jLp pkrf/ ul/ Jof8 /fVg] .
• v]taf/Ldf To:tf /f]uL afnfx? b]vf kg{] ljlQs}
x6fpg] t/ kz' j:t'nfO{ eg] v'jfpg x'b}g .

• ljp pkrf/ M– j]leli6g jf 8]/f];fn %)
8An'=kL=@ u|fd k|lt lsnf] ljpsf] b/n] pkrf/
u/L Jof8 /fVg] .
• /f;folgs ljiffbL 5/]/ of] /f]usf] Jofj:yfkg vf;}
h?/L 5}g t/ ljp pTkfbg ug]{ s[ifsx?n] dfly
pNn]v u/]sf /f]syfdsf pkfox? ckgfpbf
ckgfpb} klg /f]u nfUg] hft eg]/ k|dfl0ft
eO{;s]sf] / jif]{gL of] /f]uaf6 w]/} gf]S;fgL
x'G5 eg] dfq} afnf lg:s] kl5 lxgf];fg %)
O{=;L= emf]n !=% ldnL nL6/ jf j]leli6g %)
8An=kL= @ u|fd k|lt nL6/ kfgLsf] b/n]

^= v}/f /f]u (Zinc deficiency)
/f]usf] kl/ro M– of] /f]u s'g} lhjf0f'sf] sf/0faf6 gnfuL Zinc -h:tf_
tTjsf] sldn] ubf{ x'G5 . g]kfnsf] t/fO{ If]qdf k|fo h;f] ;a} lhNnfx? /
:of+hf sf:sL nufotsf cGo kxf8L lhNnfdf ;d]t wfg afnLdf of] vfB tTjsf]
sdLsf] nIf0fx? b]vf kl/;s]sf]5 .
v]tdf hLÍ tTjsf] sdL ePdf jf ljleGg sf/0fx?n] ubf{ lj?jfn] of] tTj
lng g;s]df of] /f]u b]vf kb{5 . jif]{ wfg afnLdf >fj0f efb|| dlxgflt/ of]
;d:of al9 b]lvG5 . x]bf{ ;+s|fds h:tf] b]lvg] of] /f]u Jofks ?kdf
km}lnPdf 7'nf] gf]S;fgL x'G5 .
vfn,;Ld, wfk xf]rf] kfgL hld/xg] v]tdf kfgLsf] lgsf;sf] Jofj:yf
gePdf jf wfg uxF' 3'Dt] afnL nufPdf /f]usf] k|sf]k Hofbf x'G5 . ljz]if
ul/ afnf}6] df6f]df kfgLsf] lgsf; sd ePsf] v]tdf w]/} k|sf]k x'G5 . slxn]
sfxL afnLsf] a[l4sf] z'?sf] cj:yfdf o;sf] sld lj?jfn] b]vfPtf klg kl5
cfkm} ;'wf/ eP/ hfG5 .

/f]uaf6 xg] gf]S;fgL M– slxn]] sfFxL al9 lhÍ tTjsf] sld
ePsf] v]tjf/Ldf () k|ltzt;Dd pTkfbgdf sld cfpb5 .
/f]usf] nIf0f M– of] /f]u wfg afnLsf] g;{/L cj:yfaf6} z'?
X'g ;Sb5 . ljz]if ul/sg wfg /f]k]sf] !) b]lv !% lbgkl5 of] /f]u
b]vf kb{5 . Zf'?sf] cj:yf -ufFh xfNg] cj:yf_ lj?jfdf b]vf kg]{
nIf0fx?
• ;/f yf]]/} xfNg]
• ;/fx? dl;gf] x'g]
• 7fFp 7fFpdf lj?jfsf] a[l4 sd x'g] / xf]rf x'g]
• tNnf] cyf{t k'/fgf kftx? kx]nf] eO{ dl;gf g;fx?sf] ljrdf
kx]nf]kgf
b]lvg‘

• /f]uL lj?jf pvn]/ x]bf{ h/fx? v}/f] /Ëdf kl/0ft x'b}
hfg' o;n] ubf{ lj?jfnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ sRrf kbfy{
kof{Kt dfqfdf dfly k7fpg c;Ifd eO{ lj?jfsf] a[l4 /
ljsf; cGo :j:y af]6sf] eGbf sdhf]]/ b]lvG5 .
• /f]uL k/fgf kftx? efFHbf v]/L wftsf] h:tf] (Typical
mettalic sound) cfjfh dxz'; x'G5 .
Wffg k;fpg] cj:yfdf b]lvg] nIf0fx? M–
• v]taf/Ldf af]6 lj?jfsf] a[l4 clgoldt b]lvg' .
• s]xL 7fFpx?sf lj?jfx? Kff]ly|Psf] h:tf] b]lvg' jf
kf]y|Lg' .
• :jf:y ufFhx?sf] t'ngfdf k|lt ufFh ;/fx? sd x'g' /
dl;gf b]lvg' .
• k|efljt 7fFpx?df /x]sf ufFhx?af6 lg:s]sf afnfx? Ps
Ps gf;sf] gx'g' .

• lh+s tTj sld x'g'sf sf/0fx? M– :yflgo
hftx?sf] ;§f al9 pTkfbg lbg] hftx?sf] v]tL x'g' .
. w]/} pTkfbgsf] nflu o:tf hftx?nfO{ al9 lh+s
tTjsf] cfjZoQmf kb{5 .
• Pdf]lgod ;Nkm]6sf] ;§f o'l/of dnsf] al9 k|of]u
nuftf/ ug{'
• km:kmf]/;o'Qm dnsf] al9 k|of]u ubf{ ;d]t
lh+s tTjsf] b]lvG5
• dVo vfB tTjx? NPK dfq} kfO{g] dnvfbx?sf]
k|of]u j9b} hfg' .

/f]syfd tyf Joj:yfkgsf pkfox?
• v]tL ug]{ tl/sfdf ;'wf/ u/]/ M–
• sf]z] afnL;Fu 3'Dt] afnL ckgfpg] .
• gfO{6«f]hg / km:kmf]/; ;Gt'lnt dfqfdf k|of]u
ug]{ .
• v]taf/Laf6 s]xL ;dosf] nflu kfgL ;'sfpg] s/Lj @
lbg .
• lh+s tTjsf] sld b]lvPsf hUufdf k|lt s¶f cfwf
lsnf] lh+s ;Nkm]6 hldg tof/ ug]{ a]nfdf df6f]df
ld;fpg] . lh+s ;Nkm]6 Ps jif{ k|of]u u/]kl5 # jif{

• g;{/L Jof8 cj:yfd} o;sf] sld b]lvPdf !) u|fd lh+s ;Nkm]6
k|lt ju{dL6/sf b/n] k|of]u ug]{ . lh+s ;Nkm]6sf]
;66fdf g;{/L Jof8sf] k|efljt 7fFpx?df 6r{ nfO{6 jf
/]l8of]df k|of]u eO{;s]sf] k'/fgf] Jof6«L kmf]/]/ k|lt ju{
dL6/ Jof8sf] b/n] Pp6f Jof6«Lsf] k|of]u ug]{ .
wfg /f]kL;s]kl5 of] ;d:of b]vf k/]df M–
• @=% u|fd 3/ kf]Tg] r'gf / % u|fd lh+s ;Nkm]6 k|lt
nL6/ kfgLsf b/n] k|efljt If]qdf 5g]{ . cfjZoQmf x]/L !)
b]lv !@ lbgsf] km/sdf k'gM bf]xf]¥ofpg] .
• jhf/df pknAw r]nfldg, lh+s]n, lh+s k/d, lhKn]S; cfbL
dWo] s'g} Pp6f @ b]lv % u|fd k|lt nL6/ kfgLsf] b/n]
ld;fO{ 5g]{ .
• lh+s tTj ePsf] s'g} klg z'Id vfB tTjx?sf] k|of]u klg ug{
;lsG5 .

Wffgsf] afnf÷ bfgf 89'jf /f]u (Glume
blight)
of] /f]u kf]df ;f]l3{gf (Poma Sorghina) gfds 9';Lsf]
lhjf0f'sf] sf/0faf6 nfUg] /f]u xf] .
• /f]usf] nIf0f M– of] /f]u Nofpg] 9';Ln] vf; ul/ afnf
lgl:sPsf] @ b]lv # xKtfdf bfgfdf cfs|d0f ub{5 . To;sf]
kmn:j?k z'?df ;fgf nflDrnf v}/f yf]Knfx? bfgfdf
b]lvG5g h'g lj:tf/} 7'nf] x'Fb} ;]tf] /Ëdf kl/0ft x'G5g .
kl5 tL yf]Knfx?sf ljrdf dl;gf sfnf yf]Knfx? :ki6 b]lvG5g
. olb /f]u rfF8} nfu]df bfgfdf b'w el/b}g / /f]u nfUg
l9nf x'b} uPdf ;f]xL cg'?k /f]usf] k|efj sd x'b} hfG5 .
vf; ul/ afnf k;fO{;s]kl5 x'l/ jtf; cfPdf of] /f]u nfUgdf
7'nf] d2t ldNb5 .
• of] /f]u wfg v]tL ul/g] k|fo h;f] ;a} b]zx?df kmf6k'm6
?kdf b]lvG5 .
• gf]S;fgL jf Iflt M– olb k|sf]k al9 ePdf @) b]lv @%

Jofj:yfkg ug]{ tl/sfx? M–
• /f]u gnfu]sf] v]taf6 ljp 5gf}6 ul/ /fVg] .
• ljp pkrf/ u/]/ Jof8 /fVg] . -j]leli6g kfp8/ @
u|fd k|lt lsnf] ljpsf] b/n] pkrf/ ug]{_ .
• afnL ;fx|} /fd|f] ePdf jf jLp pTkfbgsf] nflu
ul/Psf] ePdf afnf k;fO{;s]kl5 lxgf];fg %)
O{=;L= !=% ldnL nL6/ jf j]leli6g kfp8/ @
u|fd k|lt nL6/ kfgLsf] b/n] ld;fO{ 5g]{
;|f]t ;fef/ M IPM TOT Caritas Nepal 2005/
8f=lji0f' ljnf; clwsf/L ;fkmljg SAF BIN RICE
Training .

v_ wfgafnLdf nfUg] d'Vo s|L/fx?
(Major insects of rice)
• wfgafnLsf] g;{/L b]lv v]taf/L x'b} e08f/0f;Dd
laleGg lsl;dsf sL/fx?n] a]nfa]nfdf bM'v lbG5g
.
• dWo kxf8 / t/fO If]qdf 5?jf 3}of b]vL /f]kfO
x'g] r}t] tyf aif]{ wfgdf ;d]t cfqmd0f ug]{
sL/fx?df kt]/f], ujf/f], kmf}hL sL/f, wld/f,
km6+]u|f / e08f/sf] 3'g d'Vo sL/fx? x'g .

!= wfgsf] kt]/f] (Rice gundhibug)
• dfp kt]/f] nfdf],;'n'ss k/]sf], v}/f] jf xl/of] /+usf]
x'G5 eg] aRrfx? xl/of kv]6f gePsf x'G5g .
• kt]/f]sf] dfp tyf aRrf b'a}n] jfnf lg:s] kl5 b'w r';]/
vfG5g / jfnf kmf];|f] kfl/lbG5g .
• kmf];|f] bfgfdf rfdn k:b}g / r';]sf] 7fpFdf sfnf] bfu
:k:6 b]lvG5
• Jffnf nfUg' cl3 dfp tyf aRrf b'a}n] wfgsf] kft /
8fF7af6 /; r';]/ vfG5g .
• kt]/fx?n] ljleGg 3fF;x?, sf]bf], h'g]nf], pv', ux'F

/f]syfd sf pkfox? (Preventive
measures)
 kt]/f] sL/f cGo dmf/kftsf af]6df ;d]t nfUg]
ePsfn] v]taf/Lsf dmf/kftx? pv]nL ;kmf /fVg]
ug'{k5{ .
 7'nf] kmfF6df Ps b'O{ s[ifsn] l56f] kfSg] hftsf
wfg nufO lbPdf kt]/f] sL/fn] ;vfk kfb{5g . o;y{
kmfF6df ;a} s[ifsx? ldn]/ Ps} k6s kfSg] hftsf]
wfg nufpg'k5{ .
• kxf8df 3}of afnL lg:sg] a]nfdf r}t] wfgdf ePsf
kt]/fx? r}t]wfgsf] s6fO kl5 3}ofdf ;l/ cfqmd0f
ub{5g . t;y{ r}t]wfgsf] Kn6 glhs} 3}of wfgsf

lgoGq0fsf pkfox? (Control
measures)
 kt]/f]sf dfp tyf aRrfx? Kf|sfzdf cfslif{t x'g]
ePsfn] alQsf] kmGbfdf kfl/ dfg]{ . ;fOsnsf] 6fo/,
sk8fdf skf; a]/]/ d§Lt]ndf rf]k]/ jf lah'nLsf aNj
hnfP/ alQsf] d'gL af6fdf kfgL / d§Lt]n ld;fP/ /flv
alQdf 7f]lsPsf sL/fx?nfO efF8fsf] 3f]ndf kfl/
dfg{ ;lsG5 .
 kt]/fsf] k|fs[lts zq' af3] vk6] xf] / Ps af3] vk6]n]
Ps lbgdf @)@@ j6f kt]/fsf aRrx? vfOlbg]
ePsf]n] af3] vk6] sL/fx?sf] ;+/If0f ug'{k5{ .
 /f;folgs laifflbdf ;]eLg -%)Ü_ dmf]n !!=% dL=nL
jf ;'ldl;l8g -@)Ü_ )=% ld=nL k|lt nL= kfgLdf
ld;fP/ kt]/f]sf] cfqmd0f ePsf] Kn6df lbpF;f] #$
ah]lt/ /fd|f];Fu leHg]ul/ ! xKtfsf] km/sdf @# k6s

@= ujf/f] sL/f (Stem borer)
• o;sf] k|sf]k laif]z u/L uld{ :yfgdf a9L x'G5 eg]
o;n] wfgsf] Aof8 b]lv wfg kfSg] j]nf;Dd
cfqmd0f hf/L /fVb5 .
• Wffgdf nfUg] ujf/f] sL/fsf w]/} k|hfltx? 5g
h;d4] kx]+nf] ujf/f] (yellow stem borer) , u'nfjL
ujf/f] (pink stem borer) / ws]{ ujf/f] (striped stem
borer) k|d'v k|hflt dflgG5g .

ujf/f] sL/f (Stem borer)
• ujf/f] sL/fsf] kf]yLn] wfgsf kftdf km'n kfb{5g
. km'naf6 s/Lj Ps xKtfdf nfef{ lg:s]/ kft x'b}
8f7df k|j]z ub{5g / Tolxg} crn cj:yfdf hfG5g
.
• Nffe]|x?n] wfgsf] slnnf] u'jf] vfP/ gf]S;fg
kfb{5g . ujf/f]n] cfqmd0f u/]sf u'jfx? Dfb{5g
. jfnf nfu]sf] j]nfdf cfqmd0f u/]df jfnfdf u]8f
nfUb}g, kmf];|f] e} afnf 7f8} a:b5

/f]syfdsf pkfox? (Preventive
measures)M
 ujf/f]sf nfe|]x? lxpFbdf wfgsf 7'6fx?df j;L
hf8f] u'hfg]{ ePsfn] wfg sf6bf km]b} nufP/
sf6g] jf wfg sf6gf;fy 7'6f 8'Ag] u/L v]tdf
%–^ lbg;Dd kfgL k6fpg] ugf{n] of] sL/fsf
laleGg cj:yf kfgLdf 8'j]/ dg{ ;S5g .
 of] sL/f cGo dmf/kftdf ;d]t nfUg] ePsfn]
wfgsf] Kn6sf dmf/kftx? pv]nL Kn6 ;kmf
/fVg] .

measures)
 dfpsL/f Kf|sfzdf cfslif{t x'g] ePsfn] alQsf]
kmGbfdf kf/]/ dfg]{ .
 ;]eLg -%)Ü_ emf]n !!=%dL=nL k|lt ln6/
kfgLdf ld;fP/ 5g]{ jf d]6fl;8 jf kmf]nLyfog -
%)Ü_ )=%–! ld nL k|lt nL kfgLdf ld;fO{ 5g]{
.

#= km8s] sL/fx? (Rice leaf hoppers
and plant hoppers)
• oL sL/fx? ;fgf x'g] / km'Q–km'Q pkm|g] x'Fbf
lognfO{ km8s] elgPsf] xf] .
• logLx? xl/of, v}/f, ;]tf ljleGg /+usf x'G5g .
• logn] lj?jfsf] kft / kftsf cfwf/af6 /; r':b5g / /; r';]sf
lj?jfsf efux?df k|z:t 3fpx? Nfu]sf X'G5g .
• km8s]n] cfqmd0f u/]sf] v]tdf lj?jfx? 7fpF–7fpFdf
d/]sf] kfOG5 h;nfO{ cu|]hLdf xk/ jg{ (hopper born)
elgG5 .
• oL sL/fx?n] cfqmd0f u/]sf] lj?jfdf oLgn] cfkmgf] lj:6f
klg 5f8g] ePsfn] ToxfF sfnf] 9';L knfP/ cfO{ lj?jfsf]
k|sfz ;+Zn]if0f lqmofnfO{ ;d]t cj?4 kfb{5 / lj?jf klg

/f]syfdsf pkfox? (Preventive
measures)
• km8s] sL/fx? cGo ljleGg lsl;dsf emf/kftdf
;d]t nfUg] ePsfn] To:tf emf/kft pv]nL wfgsf
Kn6x? ;kmf /fVg'kb{5 .

measures)
 km8s] sL/fsf] dfpsL/f Kf|sfzdf cfslif{t x'g]
ePsf]n] wfgsf Kn6x?df alQsf] kmGbfdf kf/L
dfg{;lsG5 .
 km8s] sL/fsf k|fs[lts zq'x? h:t}M ufOg]sL/f,
5]kf/f, Eofu'tf cflbsf] ;+/If0f ugf{n] km8s]
sL/fx?sf] ;+Vof k|fs[lts ?kdf sd x'g ;S5 .
 ;]eLg -%)Ü_ kfp8/ @ u|fd k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf
ld;fP/ 5g]{ jf d]6fl;:6S;-@%Ü_ jf kmf]nLyfog -
%)Ü_ dmf]n )=%–! ld= nL= k|lt nL= kfgLdf
ld;fO{ ! xKtfsf] km/sdf cfj:ostfsf] cfwf/df @#
k6s 5g]{ .

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