booklet

1. 1
SofG;/ /f]u af/] hfgsf/L k'l:tsf
INFORMATION BOOKLET ON CANCER
k|sfzs tyf ljt/s M—
CANCER INFORMATION AND EDUCATION PROJECT
B.P. KOIRALA INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES
DHARAN, SUNSARI, NEPAL

2. 2
e"ldsf
SofG;/ /f]u ljZjs} hNbf] jNbf] ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo ;d:of xf] . k|To]s jif{
ljZjdf !) nfvf dflg;nfO{ SofG;/ /f]u nfUg' sf ;fy} ^ nfv dfG5]sf] d[To'
x'G5 . ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zx?df ljBdfg clzIff, u/LjL, c1fgtf / :jf:Yo ;]jf
sf] sld h:tf ;d:ofx? ljBdfg /xg' tyf SofG;/ /f]usf] /f]syfd d"ns w]/}
sd sfo{s||dx? /xg'n] cfufdL lbgx?df tL b]zx?df ljleGg k|sf/sf SofG;/
/f]uLx?sf] ;+Vof cem a9g] ;Defjgf 5 .
SofG;/ /f]usf] pkrf/ ax'cfoflds / ax'ljefluo k|of;af6 dfq} ;Dej x'g] /
d]l8sn tyf gl;{ª ;]jfsf] o;df dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xg] ePsf]n] ;j} g;{x?df
eGbf …SofG;/ gl;{ªÚ sf] 1fg x'g' SofG;/ pkrf/sf] cfwf/e"t cfjZostf xf] .
gl;{ª k]zf ;+u ;DjlGwtx?n] SofG;/sf] ax'ljefluo pkrf/ k|s[ofnfO{ cfkmgf]
k|fljlws 1fgsf] pkof]u ul/ cem z;Qm ?kn] cufl8 a9fpg ;xof]u ub{5g .
g;{x?df sofG;/ /f]usf] h}ljs tyf dfgl;s tYox?sf] 1fg x'g' cToGt h?/L
5 . SofG;/ kLl8tx?sf] ;]jf ug]{, lj/fdL tyf pgsf kl/jf/nfO{ :jf:Yo lzIff
lbg], cg'zGwfg ug]{ / sofG;/ /f]u pkrf/sf] ;du| Joj:yfkg ug]{ sfo{df
g;{x?sf] tyf lrlsT;sx? dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'G5 . cg'zGwfgd"ns gl;{ª ;]jf,
j}1flgs d]l8sn ;]jf tyf :jf:YosdL{x?df lg/Gt/ cWoog cWofkg åf/fg}
SofG;/ sf lj/fdLx?n] z;Qm ;]jf kfpg] s'/f pNn]v ug{ rfxG5' . t;y{
lrlsT;ssf] lgb]{zgdf g;{x?n] SofG;/ /f]usf] /f]syfd, pkrf/ tyf cgo
s'/fx?df oy]i6 ;xof]u ug{ ;Sb5 .
cGTodf SofG;/ /f]uyfd tyf k|rf/ k|;f/ ;ldlt, lj= kL= sf]= :jf= lj= k|= n]
k|sflzt ug{ nfu]sf] of] k'l:tsfn] sofG;/ /f]uaf/] hgr]tgf Nofpg 7"nf]
of]ubfg lbg cfzf /fv]sL 5' .
wGojfb
.........................................
8f) ;+lutf e+8f/L
P;f]l;P6 k|f]km];/
cWoIf, SofG;/ /f]u lgoGo0f tyf k|rf/ k|;f/ ;ldlt
lj=kL=sf]O/fnf :jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fg, w/fg, g]kfn
Photo

3. 3
b'O{ zAb
SofG;/ k|f0f3fts g;g]{ /f]u xf] . ;+;f/df gofF SofG;/ /f]uL ;g @))@ df
!)=( s/f]8 lyof] eg] ;g @)@) df !^ s/f]8 k'Ug] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
SofG;/ /f]u nfu]sf *)Ü aRrfx? ljsf;]Gd'v b]zdf *)Ü b]lv ()Ü aRrfx?
lgsf] gx'g] cyjf clGtd cj:yfdf km]nf k5{g . ljZj:jf:Yo ;+u7gsf cg';f/
;g @)@) ;Dd SofG;/ sf gofF /f]uLx? sf] ^)Ü ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zdf x'g]5g .
k|t]s jif{ ;'tL{ ;]jgn] % s/f]8 dflg;sf] d[To' x'g] u/]sf] tYo ljZj:jf:Yo
;+u7gn] k|sf; df NofPsf] 5 . xfn ;Ddsf] cg';Gwfgaf6 s] ktfnfu]sf] 5
eg] #)Ü SofG;/ /f]uLx? nfO{ /f]u nfUg af6 arfpg ;lsG5 / #)Ü SofG;/
/f]u nfu]sf nfO{ pkrf/ ul/ lgsf] kfg{ ;lsG5 . olb o;nfO{ k|f/DeLs
cj:yfdf klxrfg ul/ pkrf/ ug{ ;s]sf] v08df /f]u lgd'{n kfg{ ;lsG5 .
y;y{ SofG;/ /f]uaf6 hg r]tgf km}nfpg' lgtfGt cfjZos ePsf] 5 .
o; k'l:tsfn] SofG;/ /f]u sf] klxrfg tyf /f]syfddf cxd e'ldsf v]Ng] 5
eGg] d}n] cfzf lnPsf] 5' .
wGojfb
k|f) 8f) k|Nxfb sfsL{
c:ktfn lgb]{zs tyf k|d'v, d]l8l;g ljefu
jL) kL) sf]O/fnf :jf) lj) k|lti7fg
w/fg, g]kfn .
kmf]6f]

4. 4
CANCER INFORMATION AND EDUCATION
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION COMMITTEE
B.P. KOIRALA INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES
DHARAN, SUNSARI, NEPAL
PROJECT ADVISORS:
1. Prof. (Dr.) Loke Bikram Thapa, Vice-chancellor
2. Prof. (Dr.) Prahlad Karki, Hospital director
3. Prof. (Dr.) Chandra Shekhar Agrawal, Dean, Academic
4. Dr. Balman Singh Karki, Director, BPKMCH
PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION COMMITTEE:
Chairperson : Dr. Sangita Bhandary
Members : Dr. C.B. Jha
Ms. Pushpa Parajuli
Mr. Dharnidhar Baral
Ms. Nirmala Pokhrel
Mr.Ramanand Chaudhary
Mr. Shyam Lamsal
Mr. Anil Kumar deo
Member secretary : Mr. Ram Sharan Mehta
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT:
MR. RAM SHARAN METHA
ASST. PROFESSOR
MEMBER SECRETORY
COLLEGE OF NURSING, MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING DEPARTMENT
PHONE NO: 025-525555 EXT. 2084, 2340,
Email: ramsharanmehta@yahoo.com

5. 5
ljifo ;'rL
!= SofG;/ /f]u / o;sf] /f]syfd
@= SofG;/ /f]usf] sf/0fx?
#= SofG;/ s;/L lrGg]
$= SofG;/ nfO{ /f]syfd ug]{ pkfox?
%= lrlsT;s sf] ;Nnfx lng' kg]{ cj:yfx?
^= ef]hg / SofG;/sf] ;+j+w
&= SofG;/ /f]uLnfO{ xfl:k;sf] ;]jf
*= d'vsf] SofG;/
(= :tgsf] SofG;/
!)= cfkmgf] :tg cfkm}n] kl/If0f ug]{ ljwL
!!= kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/
!@= uef{Zosf] SofG;/
!#= uefzosf]>fa kl/If0f
!$= k]6sf] SofG;/
!%= v}gLsf jf/]df clt v/f] tYox?
!^= s]df]y]/fkLaf/] s]xL hfgsf/L

6. 6
!. SofG;/ /f]u / o;sf] /f]syfd
SofG;/ cyjf cj{'b /f]u Pp6f 3fts /f]u xf] . o; /f]udf clgolGqt ?kn] z/L/sf
sf]lifsfx? a9g uO{ l5§} 7"nf] cfsf/sf] luvf{ -8Nnf_ 3fp—vl6/fsf] ?k lnG5 . o;/L
z/L/sf cfGtl/s sf]if / c+ux?df SofG;/ sf] k|efj kbf{ ;DalGwt k|0ffnLsf sfdx?
;fljs adf]lhd x'g g;s]/ ljleGg nIf0fx? b]vf kg]{ x'G5g . ;/—;kmfO{, plrt vfglkg
tyf JjolQmut afgL Joxf]/fsf] ;'wf/af6 sltko SofG;/ /f]uaf6 hf]lug ;lsG5 . z'?s}
cj:yfdf SofG;/ /f]u kQf nufpg ;s]df o;nfO{ lgsf] kfg{ klg ;lsG5 . /f]uLsf]
;dod} u/fPsf] pkrf/af6 bL3f{o' / dfgjf]lrt hLjgofkgdf ;xof]u k'Ub5 .
@. SofG;/ x'g] sf/0fx? M
s_ j+zfg'ut sf/0f – % b]lv !)Ü SofG;/x? j+zfg'ut sf/0fn] x'G5g . o;df d'VotM
cf+vfsf] sofG;/, 5fnfsf] SofG;/, /utsf] SofG;/, d[uf}nfsf] SofG;/ cflb kb{5g .
v_ xfdf]{gsf] sf/0f – z/L/df pTkfbg x'g] O:6«f]hg xfdf]{gn] klg lgtDjsf] SofG;/,
kf7]3/sf] sofg;/, c08fzosf] SofG;/ cflb agfpg ;S5 . of] xfdf]{g cfjZostf eGbf
a9L pTkfbg ePdf SofG;/ u/fpg;S5 .
u_ /f;folgs tTjsf] sf/0f – r'/f]6, v}gL, u'6vf, /lS;, cf;]{lgs, kf]n]sf] vfg]s'/f
cflbdf kfOg] /f;folgs tTjx?n] SofG;/ u/fpg ;S5 .
3_ ljls/0fsf] sf/0f – ;"o{af6 cfpg] ljls/0f, / PS;–/] sf] ljls/0f af6 klg 5fnfsf] /
cf+vfsf] SofG;/ x'G5 .
ª_ Asbestos – Asbestos af6 klg Zjf; gnLsf], d[uf}nfsf], vfB gnLsf], lkmyf]sf]
SofG;/ x'G5 .
r_ EffO/;sf] sf/0f – ljleGg k|sf/sf efO/;x? h:t}M xlo{; efO/;, Koflknf]df efO/;
cflb sf] ;+Qmd0f ePdf sn]hf], 5fnf, d'v / /utsf] SofG;/ x'g ;S5 .
5_ vfgfsf] sf/0f – SofG;/ u/fpg] vfgfx? M
 ls/f dfg]{ cf}iflwsf] k|of]u ePsf] t/sf/L tyf kmnkm"n .
 /;folgs tTj k|of]u ul/Psf] a66fdf Kofs ul/Psf] vfgf .
 kf]n]sf] df;' tyf cGo vfgf .
h_ k'/fgf] 3fp – w]/} ;do;Dd wfpsf] pkrf/ gul/ /fv]df klg 3fp lalu|P/ SofG;/
x'g ;S5 .
SofG;/ /f]usf nIf0fx? M
 :jfb km]l/g] .
 nfdf] ;do;Dd 3fp lgsf] gx'g] .
 vfgf lguNg ufx|f] x'g] .
 sd ef]s nfUg] .
 lb;fdf /ut cfpg] .
 z/L/sf] s'g} klg efudf df;'sf] 8Nnf] a9g] .
 dlxgfjf/Ldf ;d:of cfpg] .
 Hj/f] cfpg] .

7. 7
#. SofG;/ s;/L lrGg]
SofG;/ x'g] sf/0fx? M
SofG;/sf] sf/0f s] xf] elg 7f]s'jf ;fy eGg ;lsGg . ljleGg cËsf SofG;/sf leGbf
leGb} sf/0fx? x'g ;S5g . SofG;/nfO{ j+zfg's'n /f]u klg elgG5 . cyf{t cfdf afa'nfO{
eP 5f]/f 5f]/LnfO{ x'g] ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 . cfdfnfO{ :tgsf] sofG;/ ePdf 5f]/L jf
gftLgLnfO{ x'g] ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 . o:tf JolQmn] cem a9L ;ts{tf ckgfpg' h?/L
x'G5 . (High risk group) . lgDg –tflnsf g= !_ k|sf/sf /;folgs kbfy{sf]
;Dks{n] SofG;/ x'g;S5 .
oL -tflnsf g= !_ /;folgs kbfy{x? a/f]a/ ;Dks{df cfP sofG;/ x'g] ;+efjgf a95 .
w'd|kfg jf ;"tL{sf] ;]jg ug]{nfO{ kmf]S;f], d'v jf :jf;gnLsf] SofG;/ x'g ;S5 . a9L g"g
jf 6Lgdf /f]v]sf] df;' jf df5f vfg]nfO{ kfs:ynLsf] sofG;/ x'g ;S5 . ;8]sf
d'dkmnLdf ljBdfg Pkmfnf6f]lS;gn] sn]hf] jf kfs:ynLsf] SofG;/ x'g ;S5 .
x]kf6fOl6; aL efO/;sf] Ogkm]S;gn] sn]hf]sf] SofG;/ x'g ;S5 .
tflnsf M !
w'd|kfg jf w'jf+df kfO{g] 6f/ – a|f]+s;, 5fnf
w'd|kfgdf kfOg] a]hfy|]l;g – kmf]S;f]
s}G8 km'8df kfOg] g"g, gfO6«f];f]d – kfs:ynL
;8]sf] d'dkmnL Pkmnf6f]lS;g – kfs:ynL / sn]hf]
/]l8od – /ut, x88L
efO/; – x]kf6fO6L; aL–sn]hf]
xo"dg kflknf]df – kf7]3/sf] d'v
af];f], xdf]{g – :tg
P:j]:6; – Kn"/f–kmf]S;f]sf] aflx/L lemNnL_
z/L/ ljleGg sf]ifx?åf/f ag]sf] x'G5 . oL sf]ifx? a'9f] ePkl5 jf rf]6 k6s jf vl6/f
eO{ gi6 ePdf af+sL /x]sf] sf]ifsf] j[l4 eO{ To:tf gi6 ePsf sf]ifsf] k"lt{ x'G5 . o:tf]
j[l4 ;Gt'lnt x'G5 / gi6ePsf] sf]ifsf] kl/k"lt{ ePdf j[l4 aGb x'G5 . z/L/sf] s'g}
sf]ifsf] c;Gt'lnt j[l4 ePdf af+sL sf]ifx?n] sofG;/sf] ?k lng hfG5 . o:tf ax'nfPsf
sf]ifx?sf] j[l4 eO/xG5 . o:tf sf]ifn] k|s[ltsf] lgod kfng ug{ 5f85g / logn]
k|s[ltåf/f ckgfPsf lgod sfg"g dfGb}gg . z'?z'?df o:tf c;Gt'lnt j[l4 klg Ps}
7fp+df l;dLt x'G5 . o; a]nfdf plrt pkrf/ u/] gLsf] kfg{ ;lsG5 . t/ ;do vl:sb}
uP kl5 oL ax'nfPsf sf]ifx? cf;kf;sf c+udf lkmlhG5g . cem} kl5 uO{ oL ax'nfPsf
sf]if z/L/sf cGo efudf lkmlhb} hfG5g / pkrf/ gu/]df /f]uLsf] k|f0f} lnG5 .
To:t} kf7]3/sf] d'vdf x'g] Sofg;/sf nflu xo"dg kflknf]df efO/;nfO} bf]if lbOG5 .
P:j]:6;sf] 5fgf k|of]u u/]df kmf]s;f]sf] aflx/L lemNnL Kn"/fsf] sofG;/ b]lvG5 . a9L
df]6fPsL dlxnfnfO{ :tgsf] SofG;/ x'g ;S5 . ;fgf;fgf gfgLnfO{ af/Daf/ PS;/] u/]
oLgnfO{ tL ljs/0fsf] sf/0f eljiodf uO{ /utsf] Sofg;/ x'g ;S5 . o;} n]våf/f ;a}
g]kfnL hgdfg;nfO{ pk/f]Qm /;fogaf6 hf]lug cg'/f]w ug{ rfxG5' . o;f] u/]df w]/} h;f]

8. 8
SofG;/af6 hf]lug ;lsG5 . SofG;/ ;DalGw s]xL ;"rgf PlG6cf]lS;8]G6 -lrof, sfutL,
6df6/, le6fdLg ;L O{ k|of]u u/]df SofG;/ x'g] ;Defjgf sd x'G5 .
!= SofG;/ j+zfg'ut x'g ;S5 ;?jf /f]u xf]O{g .
@= ;"tL{hGo kbfy{ k|of]u ug]{ nfO{ d'v, Zjf;gnLsf] sofG;/ x'g ;S5 .
#= dlb/fkfg jf x]kf6fOl6; aL O{Gkm]S;g ePdf sn]hf]sf] Sofg;/ x'g ;S5 .
$= xo"dg kflknf]df efO/;n] kf7]3/sf] d'vsf] SofG;/ x'g ;S5 .
%= cf/Dedf kQf nufO{ pkrf/ u/]df SofG;/ lgsf] x'g ;S5 .
SofG;/sf nIf0fx? M
z'?df gb'Vg', o; kfkL /f]usf] nIf0f xf] .
o; /f]u k|lt ;hu e} z'?d} kQf nufO{ plrt pkrf/ ePdf o; /f]uaf6 afFRg ;lsG5 .
!= ;fwf/0f pkrf/åf/f 3fp jf vl6/f lgsf] gePdf .
@= w'd|kfg ug]{nfO{ a/fa/ vf]sL nflu /x]df, af]nL wf]lqPdf, vsf/df /ut jf kLk cfPdf
#= pd]/ k'u]sfnfO{ ckr, slAhot ePdf .
$= z/L/df gb'Vg] luvf{ b]v]k/]df, luvf{ a9b} uPdf, dlxnfsf] :tgdf luvf{ ePdf .
%= sf]7Lsf] /+u, ?k, cfsf/df kl/jt{g ePdf .
^= z/L/sf ljleGgåf/af6 /Qm>fj jf kLk >fj ePdf .
&= ljgf sf/0f jhg 36b} uPdf .
SofG;/sf] lgbfg ug]{ t/Lsf M
!= /f]usf] Oltxf; a'emg] sxf+ lkm+hLof] <
@= hf+r ubf{ 3fp, vl6/f b]vf k/]df .
#= PS;/] u/L s'g} kl/jt{g ePsf] kfOPdf .
$= OG8f]:sf]kL u/L leqL efusf] hf+r ubf{ . 3fp, luvf{, vl6/f b]lvg ;lsG5 .
%= kmfO{g gL8n Pl:k/]zg ;fO6f]nf]hL (F.N.A.C.) ;fg' l;of]n] 8Nnf]af6 kfgL lemsL
hf+Rg]
^= jfoK;L u/L 6o"d/sf] hf+r ug]{ .
SofG;/sf] pkrf/sf tl/sfx? M
!= zNols|ofåf/f SofG;/sf] luvf{ jf 3fpnfO{ / ;Defljt ;g]{ 7fp+nfO{ sf6L kmflnlbg] .
@= /]l8of]y]/fkL – o; pkrf/df ljls/0fsf] k|of]uåf/f SofG;/sf sf]ifx?nfO{ gi6 ug]{ .
#= s]df]y]/fkL – ljleGg /;folgs kbfy{sf] k|of]uåf/f lkmlhPsf] sofG;/sf sf]ifx?nfO{
gi6 ug{] . oL /;fogx?n] SofG;/sf sf]ifdfq gi6 gu/L z/L/sf] clt cfjzos sf]ifnfO{
klg gi6 ug]{ ePsf]n] sl7gfO{ kfg{ ;S5 . To;sf/0f o;sf] k|of]udf ljz]if ;ts{tf
ckgfpg' h?/L 5 .
$= xdf]{g – sltko Sofg;/ j[l4sf] nflu z/L/df ljwdfg xdf]{gdf lge{/ ub{5 . o:tf
SofG;/sf] pkrf/ ubf{ xdf]{gsf] dfqfdf sld Nofpg SofG;/sf] j[l4df cj/f]w k'¥ofpg
;lsG5 .
;fgf;fgf gfgLnfO{ af/Daf/ PS;/] u/] oLgnfO{ tL ljs/0fsf] sf/0f eljiodf uO{ /utsf]
SofG;/ x'g ;S5 . o;} n]vfåf/f ;a} g]kfnL hgdfg;nfO{ pk/f]Qm /;fogaf6 hf]lug
cg'/f]w ug{ rfxG5' . o;f] u/]df w]/} h;f] SofG;/af6 hf]uLg ;lsg]5 . Sofg;/ ;DalGw

9. 9
s]xL ;"rgfM PlG6cf]lS;8]G6 –lrof, sfutL, 6df6/, le6fdLg ;L, O{ k|of]u u/]df SofG;/
x'g] ;Defjgf sd x'G5 .
%= O{Do'gf]y]/fkL – sltko SofG;/ Odo'g l;:6dsf] sdLn] ubf{ x'g] ePsf]n] O{Do'gL6L
a9fPdf SofG;/sf] a[l4df sdL Nofpg ;lsG5 .
^= dfof+ ddtf, gb'Vg] cf}iflwsf] k|of]uaf6 SofG;/ kLl8t /f]uLnfO{ s]xL xb ;Dd cf/fd
lbg ;lsG5 .
pgsf] clGtd cj:yfdf x'g] si6df sdL Nofpg ;lsG5 .
;"tL{ tyf dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg gu/f}, cd'No hLjgnfO{ :jf:Yo /fvf}+ .
$. SofG;/nfO{ /f]syfd ug]{ pkfox?
 r'/f]6, la+8L, tDafv', ;'tL{, v}gL tyf nfu"kbfy{ ;]jg gug]{ .
 af;L tyf 9';L k/]sf] cGg / u]8fu'8L gvfg] .
 kf]n]/ 89]sf vfg]s'/f gvfg] .
 vfgf vfO;s]kl5 d'v ;w}+ ;kmf /fVg] .
 tfhf xl/of] ;fu kft / kmnkm"n lbgx"+ vfg]
 jftfj/0fLo k|b"if0faf6 hf]lug] .
 @) jif{ pd]/ k'lu;s]sf dlxnfx?n] lrlsT;såf/f k|To]s jif{ cfˆgf] kf7]3/sf]
hf+r (Pap Smear) u/fpg] .
 w]/} hgf;+u of}g ;Dks{ /fVg' SofG;/sf] Ps sf/s tTj ePsf] x''gfn] ;f]af6
hf]lug] .
 w]/} a]/;Dd n'uf km'sfnL 6G6nfk'/ 3fddf ga:g] . SofG;/ /f]u c?nfO{ ;b}{g t/
klg dfly pNn]v ul/Psf cj:yfx? Affx]s cfkm"nfO{ z+sf nfu]df
:jf:YosdL{x?sf] ;Nnfx lng' cToGt cfjZos 5 .
 df]6f]kg 3tfpg] .
 lgoldt Jofofd ug]{ .
%. lrlsT;ssf] ;Nnfx lng' kg]{ cj:yfx? M
 z/L/ s'g} klg efudf b'Vg] jf gb'Vg] gof+ luvf{, uf+7f—u'7L km]nf k/]df jf klxn]
b]lv/x]sf] luvf{, ufF7f]–u'7L PSsf;La9]df .
 z/L/sf] s'g} klg efusf] 3fp nfdf] ;do;Dd lgsf] gePdf .
 z/L/sf] s'g} klg 7fp+df ePsf] sfnf] sf]7L a9b} uPdf .
 :tgdf uf+7f—u'7L km]nf k/]df tyf :tgaf6 k6s—k6s /ut ldl;Psf] b"w
cfPdf .
 nfdf] ;do;Dd slAhot, kftnf] lbzf, ckr ePdf ;fy} k]6df b]lvg]u/L uf]nf —
uf+7f] rn]df .
 dlxgfjf/L gePsf] a]nfdf kfgL h:tf] t/n jf ;]tf] kbfy{ cyjf /ut alu/x]df .
 ;fwf/0f sfd ubf{ klg lgs} ysfO{ nfu]df .

10. 10
 z/L/df /utsf] sdL b]lvPdf .
 w]/} lbg;Dd 6fpsf] b'Vg], l/+u6f nfUg] tyf afGtf cfpg] e}/x]df .
 ef]s k6Ss} gnfUg] ePdf .
 5f]6f] ;dod} z/L/sf] tf}n lgs} 36]df .
 w]/} lbg;Dd vf]sL nflu/x]df tyf vsf/df /ut b]lvPdf .
 vfg]s'/f vf+bf lgNg ufx|f] x'g] ePdf . :j/ a;]df jf km/s -wf]qf]_ ePdf .
 w]/} lbg;Dd sdn lkQ -hl08;_ lgsf] gePdf .
^. ef]hg / Sofg;/sf] ;+j+w
s] tkfO{+ ;]s'jfsf] ;f}lvg x'g'x'G5 < jf tkfO{+ ;x/df au|]NtL v'n]sf kmf:6km'8 /]:6'/]+6df
hfg ?rfpg'x'G5 < cyjf ahf/df tof/L?kdf kfOg] vfg]s'/f lgoldt vfg'x'G5 < olb
To;f] xf] eg] tkfO{+nfO{ SofG;/ x'g] ;Defjgf cTolws 5 .
/ftf] df;' SofG;/sf] b[li6n] 3fts x'g]sf] ;fy} SofG;/sf] b[li6n] df;' pkof]uL x'+b}g, /f+uf,
e]8f, v;L, a+u'/h:tf hgfj/sf] df;' /ftf] ju{df kb{5 . To;sf] ;66fdf ;]tf] ju{df kg]{
df5f jf s'v'/fsf] df;' vfg' /fd|f] x'G5 . t/ Tof] klg Ps lbgdf ^) b]lv ! ;o u|fd;Dd
dfq vfg' kmfObf hgs x'G5 .
df;' dfq xf]Og, cTolws tfkdf tf/]/ jf e'6]/ tof/ ul/Psf s'g} klg vfB ;fdu|Lx?
:jf:Yosf] nflu xflgsf/s x'g] ljleGg cWoogx?n] k|dfl0ft u/]sf 5g . t/ pdfn]sf] jf
pl;g]sf] kl/sf/sf] xsdf eg] tfkqmdsf] c;/ To:tf] gx'g] ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gn]
hgfPsf] 5 .
dd, cdn]6 / kf]n]sf] ds} Tolt plrt xf]Og vf;u/L cTolws tfkdf tof/ ul/g]
cfn'lrK; jf cGo o:t} vfB;fdu|Lx? SofG;/sf b[li6n] x'G5 . Tolt dfq xf]Og, /]:6'/f+df
kfOg] k|mfO8 dd, k|mfO8 /fO;, cdn]6h:tf vfBkl/sf/ klg :jf:Yosf b[li6n] pko'Qm
x'b}g . kf]n]sf] ds}df klg sfa{go'Qm tQjx? x'G5g, h;n] z/L/df SofG;/ lgTofpg]
sfd ug{ ;S5 . To;}u/L ufp+3/df b"w ttfpg] s/fxLsf] lk+wdf 89]/ /x]sf] s'/fpgL vfg'
klg SofG;/sf b[li6n] pkof]uL x'+b}g . s'/fpgL elgg] 89]sf] Tof] kbfy{df klg sfa{go'Qm
/;fog cTolws x'g] ePsf]n] To;af6 SofG;/sf] ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 .
ahf/df tof/L?kdf kfOg] Kofs]6sf vfBkl/sf/x? klg :jf:Yosf b[li6n] vt/fd'Qm
gePsf]n] To;af6 6f9} /xg'k5{ / s'g} klg af;L vfg]s'/f ;s];Dd vfg'x'+b}g . af;L /
Kofs]6df kfOg] vfBkl/sf/x?df 9';L k/]sf] x'g ;S5, h;n] SofG;/sf] ;Defjgf x'G5 .
To:t} ldlt k'u]sf s'g} klg vfg]s'/fx? gvfg' g} :jf:Yosf b[li6n] nfek|b 5 .rfprfp /
rsf]{ g'g lxts/ 5}g kl5Nnf] ;do cTolws k|rngdf /x]sf] tof/L rfprfp klg
:jf:Yosf b[li6n] pkof]uL x'b}g . :jflbnf] agfpg rfprfpdf k|of]u ul/g] clhgf]df]6f]n]
:jf:Yodf k|lts"n c;/ kfb{5 . o;sf] lgoldt pkef]un] SofG;/ x'g ;S5 .
To:t} ljleGg /+ux? k|of]u u/L agfOPsf a'66]bf/ ld7fO{x?sf] lgoldt vfgkfgn] klg
SofG;/ x'g ;S5 . h+s km'8sf] gfd sdfO;s]sf] lkhf / lr;f] k]o kbfy{ klg :jf:Yosf
b[li6n] vt/fd'Qm 5}g .
To:t} csf]{ /f]rs s'/f s] 5 eg] ljZj SofG;/ cg';Gwfg sf]ifn] g'g a9L vfg] dflg;nfO{
k]6sf] SofG;/sf] ;Defjgf w]/} x'g] hgfPsf] 5 . To;}n] g'g s8f /flvPsf vfB;fdu|L
sd vfg' g} SofG;/af6 6f9f /xgsf nflu ul/g] ;fgf] t/ dxTjk"0f{ k|of; xf] .

11. 11
af];f]sf] pkef]un] klg SofG;/ lgldTopg ;Sg]tkm{ sf]ifn] ;r]t u/fPsf] 5 . ljleGg
/;fog k|of]u u/L l6gsf] l8Aafleq aGb vfB;fdu|Lsf] sd k|of]utkm{ klg sf]ifn] ;'emfj
lbPsf] 5, h;af6 SofG;/ Go"gLs/0f ;Dej 5 .
lgoldt?kdf kmnkm"nsf] /; -h';_ lkpg'eGbf tfhf kmnkm"n vfg' g} SofG;/sf b[li6n]
pkof]uL x'g] ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gsf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 . /];fo'Qm tfhf kmnkm"n /
t/sf/Lx? kof{Kt vfg] ugf{n] klg SofG;/ x'g] ;Defjgf sd x'G5 . To;df klg ufh/,
d"nf, xl/of] ;fu;AhL cflbn] z/L/nfO{ :j:y agfpg d2t ub{5 . To:t} kf]ln; u/]sf]
eGbf kf]ln; gul/Psf] rfdn / cGo ck|zf]lwt vfBfGg :jf:Yosf b[li6n] pko'Qm x'G5 .
s[lqd jf;gfaf6 ;fjwfg
ahf/sf vfB;fdu|Lx? hf] s[lqd?kdf jf;gfbf/ x'G5g, ltgsf] nuftf/sf] pkef]un]
SofG;/ x'g ;S5, ljleGg /;fogaf6 lgsflnPsf] Tof] jf;gf SofG;/sf] sf/s tTj klg
x'g ;S5 . To;}n] To:tf vfgf gvfg' /fd|f] x'G5 .
k|fs[lts vfB kbfy{x?sf] pkef]un] z/L/nfO{ :jfefljs cj:yfdf /fV5 eg] s[lqd vfB
kl/sf/x?n] z/L/sf] :jfefljs k|lqmofnfO{ c:jfefljstflt/ n}hfG5, a9bf] cfw'lgstf;+u}
3/df ag]sf :j:y vfB kl/sf/x? vfg 5f]8]/ ljleGg /;fog ld;fOPsf vfgfx? vfg]
k|rng a9]sf] 5, h;n] k|ToIf c;/ t k'/ofp+5 g}, sfnfGt/df SofG;/;d]t x'g ;S5 .
vfg]s'/f :jodn] SofG;/ nfUg] xf]Og, t/ To;nfO{ s;/L tof/ ul/Psf] 5 / To;df
s:tf /;fogx? /flvPsf 5g eGg] s'/faf6 g} vfBkl/sf/x? :jf:Yoj4{s jf
:jf:Yolj?4sf x'G5g eGg] yfxf x'G5,
vfgf g} SofG;/sf] cf}iflwM vfgfsf] sf/0faf6 SofG;/ x'g] dfq xf]Og, To;n] SofG;/
x'gaf6 arfp+5 klg . vfgfdf PlG6clS;8]G6 eGg] tTj klg x'G5, h;n] z/L/sf lalu|Psf
tGt'x?nfO{ k'/fg} cj:yfdf kmsf{pg d2t u5{ . vf;u/L tfhf kmnkm"n / ;fu;AhLdf
PlG6clS;8]G6 kfOG5 . To;df klg a|f]sfpnLdf o;sf] dfqf cTolws x'G5 .
SofG;/lj1x?sf cg';f/ df+;fxf/L ef]hg ug]{x?nfO{ eGbf ;fsfxf/L ef]hg ug]{x?nfO{ %)
k|ltzt sd SofG;/sf] ;Defjgf /xG5 . To;}n] olb SofG;/af6 aRg] xf] eg] ;fsfxf/L
ef]hgsf ;aeGb pko'St x'G5 .
vfgf / SofG;/sf] ;DaGw cToGt} 3lgi6 5 . t/ o; ljifodf xfdLsxf+ cWoog,
cg';Gwfg ePsf] 5}g .
s] vfg] jf s] gvfg] eGbf klg s;/L / s'g ;dodf vfg] eGg] g} dxQjk"0f{ x'G5,
lglZrt ;dodf ;Gt'lnt ef]hg ugf{n] SofG;/ lglDtg] ;Defjgf cToGt sd x'G5 .
vfgkfgsf] ;Gt'ng / lgoldttfn] SofG;/ nfUg] ;Defjgf Go"g 5 . w]/} kfgL lkpg'
:jf:Yosf] nflu kmfObf hgs x'G5 . lgoldt?kdf w]/} kfgL vfg] ubf{ z/L/df /x]sf
xflgsf/s tQjx? lk;faaf6 aflxl/G5, h;df SofG;/sf] tQj klg kg{ ;S5 .
SofG;/ ljljw sf/0fn] x'g ;S5 . To;dWo] vfgfs} sf/0faf6 slt SofG;/ x'G5 eGg]
cflwsfl/s tYof+s d'Vo?kdf ;'tL{ / dlb/f;]jg, j+zf0f'ut k|efj, ;/;kmfO /
/xg;xgdf nfk/afxL cflbaf6 klg SofG;/ x'g] u5{ . To;afx]s vf;u/L dlxnfx?nfO{
c:jfefljs of}g / k|hgg ultljlwaf6 klg SofG;/ x'g ;S5 . SofG;/ lgsf] kfg{
g;lsg] Pp6f 3fts /f]u xf] . o;sf] pkrf/sf nflu 7"nf] wg/flz vr{ x'G5, t}klg /f]u
lgsf] kfg{ g;sL SofG;/s} sf/0f dflg;sf] d[To' x'G5 . SofG;/ /f]u nflu;s]kl5
la/fdLnfO{ dfq xf]Og, kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:on] klg 7"nf] kL8f ef]Ug'k5{, ;fy} cfly{s
lx;fan] klg 7"nf] gf]S;fgL ef]Ug'k5{ . SofG;/nfO{ lgsf] kfg{ g;s] klg o;af6 aRg] s]xL
pkfox? 5g / o:tf pkfox? ckgfpg ;s] SofG;/ nfUg] ;DefjgfnfO{ lgs} sd ug{
;lsG5 .

12. 12
&. SofG;/ /f]uLnfO{ xl:k;sf] ;]jf
SofG;/ Ps 8/nfUbf] /f]u xf], w]/} h;f] SofG;/sf] k"0f{ pkrf/ ;Dej 5}g . of] /f]un]
g]kfndf klg w]/} JolQm k|efljt 5g . clGtd cj:yfdf k'u]sf] a]nf cfw'lgs lrlsT;f
pkrf/n] klg /f]u lgsf] x'+b}g . ;'?s} cj:yfdf rflx+ s]xL la/fdLsf] pkrf/ x'G5 t/
w]/}h;f]sf] pkrf/kl5 klg SofG;/sf] s]xL c+z af+sL g} /xG5 . h'g kl5 uP/ z/L/el/ g}
km}lnG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf /f]u lrlsT;ssf] kx'+r / lgoGq0feGbf aflx/ x'G5 . pkrf/af6
c;Dej b]v]kl5 pgLx? klg la/fdL la:tf/}–la:tf/} d[To'sf] d'vdf k'u]sf] x]g{ afWo x'G5g
. la/fdLnfO{ c:ktfndf /fv]/ pkrf/ ;Dej gePkl5 3/d} /fv]/ x]/rfx ug'{sf] ljsNk
/x+b}g .
t/ ca o; k|sf/sf la/fdL / cfkmGtsf] kL8f sd u/fpg g]kfnd} To:tf k|sf/sf
la/fdL /fVg] 3/sf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . xl:k; cyf{t SofG;/ /f]uL /fVg] 3/ /fhwfgLdf
sfo{/t s]xL lrlsT;ssf] ;lqmotfdf :yfkgf ul/Psf] xf] . ;g @))) af6 ;~rfng
ul/Psf] xl:k;df xfn ^ j6f ;fdfGo, Pp6f l;+uun / @ j6f 8an zoof /x]sf 5g .
ha SofG;/ zNolrlsT;f, /]l8of]y]/fkL jf cfw'lgs lrlsT;f k4ltsf] ks8eGbf aflx/
k'U5 To; a]nf af+sL lhGbuLnfO{ /fd|/L latfpg'sf] csf]{ ljsNk /x+b}g . la/fdLnfO{ 3/}df
/fVbf kL8f a9L x'g] / kl/jf/nfO{ klg b'Mvsf] ;fydf yk af]em kg{ hfG5 . xl:k; cyf{t
la/fdL /flvg] 5'66} 3/df /fv]/ ljz]if x]/rfx ul/g] a]nf oxL g} xf] . cGo d'n'sdf x/]s
/f]usf la/fdLsf nflu o:tf s]Gb| :yfkgf ul/P klg g]kfndf rflx+ klxnf] k6s SofG;/
/f]uLsf nflu sf7df8f}+df o:tf] s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 .
o; s]Gb|df SofG;/ /f]uaf6 kLl8t la/fdL h;sf] pkrf/ ;Dej 5}g, To; k|sf/sf /f]uL
/ pgLx?sf cfkmGt cfjZostfcg';f/ a:g ;S5g . xl:k;df a:g] la/fdLsf cfkmGt
ul/a kl/jf/sf] ePdf pgLx?sf nflu klg lgMz'Ns vfgf / cGosf nflu vfgf tof/ ug]{
;fdu|L xl:k;n] g} pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . pkrf/ c;Dej ePsf la/fdLsf nflu b'vfO
sd u/fp+b} x]/rfx ug]{ sfd oxf+ x'G5 . xfn xl:k;df $ hgf g;{n] rf}aL;} 306f
la/fdLsf] x]/rfx ul//x]sf x'G5g eg] 8fS6/x? klg x/]s lbg la/fdL / pgsf
cfkmGtnfO{ e]6g k'U5g .
xl:k; s'g} c:ktfnrflx+ xf]Og . c:ktfndf egf{ x'g] la/fdLnfO{ ug]{ vfnsf] pkrf/
cfjZos k/]df dfq oxf+af6 To:tf] pkrf/ ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . w]/}h;f] pkrf/ 3/d} ul/G5
. Kofn]l6e pkrf/ k4ltnfO{ ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gsf] ljz]if1 ;d"xn] cf}iflw pkrf/n]
7Ls x'g g;Sg] /f]u nfu]sf la/fdLnfO{ ;lqmo?kdf x]/rfx ug]{ ljlw egL kl/eflift
u/]sf] 5 . oxL k4lt g} xl:k6ndf ckgfOG5 . Kofn]l6e s]o/ klg cfw'lgs lrlsT;fsf]
Pp6f gof+ cjwf/0ff xf] . Kofn]l6e s]o/;DaGwL tflnd kfPsf 8fS6/ / g;{af6 g}
SofG;/ /f]uLsf] x]/rfx x'g] u5{ . o;sf] d'Vo p2]Zo la/fdL tyf la/fdLsf kl/jf/nfO{
;s];Dd /fd|f] hLjgofkg lbnfpg' /x]sf] xf] .
xl:k;df la/fdL / pgsf cfkmGt hlt ;do a;] klg x'G5 . la/fdLsf] d[To'cl3 p;nfO{
cf/fd;+u /flvlbg] sfd xl:k;n] ul//x]sf] 5 . 3/d} la/fdL /fVbf cfkmGtnfO{ kg]{ kL8f
sd u/fpg xl:k; g]kfn :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . la/fdLnfO{ p;sf] OR5fcg';f/ vfg
lbg'k5{, /f]usf] clGtd cj:yfdf cf}iflw dfq} v'jfP/ x'+b}g . o;af6 emg la/fdLnfO{ yk
si6 dfq} x'G5, To;}n] la/fdLsf] OR5feGbf afx]s p;nfO{ s/sfkn] cf}iflw gv'jfpg] a?
cGo tl/sfn] b'vfO sd u/fpg xl:k; cfjZos k5{ . hLjg /x];Dd cf/fdn] /fVg] sfd
xl:k;df x'G5 . c:ktfndf la/fdLsf] pkrf/ ubf{ub}{ klg la/fdLnfO{ xl:k;d} NofP/

13. 13
/fVg ;lsG5 eg] Ps k6s SofG;/sf] ck|];g u/] klg /f]u k"0f{ lgsf] geP/ z/L/el/
km}ln;s]sf] cj:yfdf xl:k6n uP/ pkrf/ c;Dej x'+bf / /f]usf] clGtd cj:yfdf klg
la/fdLnfO{ xl:k;df /fVg ;lsG5 . 8fS6/x?sf] x]/rfxn] la/fdLx?n] s]xL dfqfdf eP
klg /f]u lgsf] ePsf] dx;'; u5{g .
xl:k;df a;]kl5 la/fdLsf cfkmGtx?n] s]xL dfqfdf eP klg /fxt dx;'; u5{g .
d[To'sf] d'vdf k'u]sf la/fdLsf] dfq} x]/rfx ubf{ Toxf+ sfo{/t g;{ klg 5'66} k|sf/sf]
dx;'; u5{g . hLjgz}nLnfO{ x]/]/ ;]jf ug'{kg]{ / /f]uLx?nfO{ /f]u sd x'G5 t/ lgsf] x'+b}g
.
;a} Ps} k|sf/sf la/fdL ePsf]n] hLjg ;w}+ /x+b}g eGb} pgLx?nfO{ lrGtf / /f]uaf6 d'Qm
u/fpg] k|of;df /xg'kg]{ x'G5 . lzlIft kl/jf/n] o;nfO{ /fd|f];+u a'emg] u/]sf] kfOG5 .
o;afx]s SofG;/ /f]uLnfO{ 3/3/d} uP/ cfjZos k/fdz{ / pkrf/ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ ;f]r
xl:k; g]kfnn] agfPsf] 5 .
xl:k;df cfPsf la/fdL s]xL ;do a;]/ 3/ kms{G5g eg] emG8} $) k|ltztsf] ToxL+
d[To' x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf ;+:yfn] g} zjjfxgdfkm{t zjnfO{ cfo{3f6;Dd k'/ofO{
bfx;+:sf/df ;d]t ;xof]u ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . jf:tjdf dg'{ klg af+Rg'h:t} lgoldt k|lqmof
ePsf]n] ;f; /x];Dd cf/fdn] af+Rg'k5{ eGg] dfGotf xl:k;sf] xf] . o;n] la/fdL dfq
geO{ la/fdLsf cfkmGtnfO{ klg ;xf/f lbPsf] 5 . la/fdLafx]s cfkmGt a:g] 5'66} zoof
tyf efG;fsf] ;d]t Joj:yf / cToGt kfl/jfl/s jftfj/0f xl:k;n] :yfkgf u/]sf] 5 .
:jR5 jftfj/0fdf ljz]if1 lrlsT;ssf] plrt k/fdz{, ;Nnfx, ;xof]u tyf g;{sf]
x]/rfxn] ;f+Rr} xl:k;df cfpg] la/fdLnfO{ kL8f la;f{pg d2t u/]sf] 5 . Ps lx;fan]
xl:k; SofG;/ /f]uLsf nflu /fd|f] ;xf/f ePsf] 5 .
*. d'vsf] SofG;/ (Oral Cancer)
d'vsf] s'g} klg efusf] sf]if—sf]lifsfx?df c;dfGo kl/jt{g x'g uO{ cgfjZos tyf
clgolGqt ?kn] a[l4 eP/ ljsf; x'g] uLvf{ jf lgsf] gx'g] 3fpnfO{ d'vsf] SofG;/
elgG5 . SofG;/ d'vsf] s'g} klg efudf nfUg ;S5 . SofG;/af6 cS;/ k|efljt x'g]
d'vsf efux?df cf]7, uLhf, tfn', lha|f], ¥ofnsf u|GoLx?, 6lG;n, d'vsf] tNnf] ;tx /
ufnfsf] leqL ;txx? x'g . d'vsf] SofG;/ vf;u/L blIf0f Pl;ofnL d'n'sx?df x'g] u/]sf]
kfOPsf] 5 . xfd|f] b]zdf klg d'vsf] SofG;/af6 kLl8t x'g]x?sf] ;+Vof 7"nf] /x]sf]
cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
d'vsf] SofG;/ x'g] k|d'v sf/0fx? M
d'vsf] SofG;/ x'g] d'Vo sf/0fx? v}gL, ;"tL{, tDafv', r'/f]6, lj8L, kfg cflbsf] ;]jg xf] .
oL j:t'x?sf] k|of]un] d'v leq, cf]7, lha|f], uLhf, ufnf cflb efux?sf] SofG;/ x'g] ub{5
. dBkfg klg d'vsf] SofG;/sf] sf/s tTjx? dWo] Ps xf] . w'd|kfg / dBkfg b'j} ug]{
JolQmx?df d'vsf] SofG;/ x'g] ;Defjgf a9g hfG5 . SofG;/ x'g ;Sg] cGo sf/0fx?df
d'vsf] ;kmfO{df sld, d'v leq /flvPsf gldn]sf s[lqd b+ftx? (Denture) tyf
ef+lrPsf b+ftx? Klg x'g . o:tf b+ftx?n] d'v leq k6s—k6s agfpg] 3fp kl5
SofG;/df kl/0ft x'g ;Sb5 .

14. 14
d'vsf] SofG;/df b]lvg] lrGx / nIf0fx? M
 cf]7sf] SofG;/df ;fwf/0f 3fpsf ?kdf z'? x'G5 . To:tf] 3fp cS;/ ;fdfGo
pkrf/af6 7Ls x'+b}g, nfdf] ;do;Dd /lx/G5 / la:tf/} km}lnG5 .
 lha|f]sf] SofG;/ x'+bf z'?df lha|f]df s]xL cK7of/f] ePsf], r:s]sf] jf 6f]s]sf]
h:tf] cg'ej x'G5 / lj/fdLnfO{ b'Vb5 . lha|f]sf] SofG;/sf sf/0f slxn] sf+xL
sfgdf klg kL8fsf] cg'ej x'G5 .
 d'v leq SofG;/ eof] eg] ;f; uGxfpg], 3f+6Ldf cK7of/f] x'g], b'Vg] / vfgf
lgNg uf¥xf] x'g] ub{5 .
 d'v leq ;]tf] (Leucoplakia) jf /ftf] bfu (Erythroplasia), ufnfsf]
leqL efu, lhj|f] jf uLhfdf SofG;/sf] z'?sf] nIf0fsf] ?kdf b]vf kg{ ;Sb5 .
d'vsf] SofG;/ kQf nufpg] tl/sfx? M
d'vsf] SofG;/nfO{ z'?s} cj:yfdf ;fwf/0f k|of;af6 kQf nufpg ;Dej ePsf]n] lgDg
s'/fx?df Wofg lbg cfjZos 5 M
cfˆgf] d'v leq, cf]7, ufnf, lha|f] cflb s'g} klg 7fp+df ghfg] ;]tf] jf /ftf] bfu k'/fgf]
3fp, vl6/f jf df;' a9]sf] 5 eg] lrlsT;saf6 cljnDa k/LIf0f u/fpg' ub{5 .
lrlsT;sn] cfjZos k/]df cGo k/LIf0fsf] ;fy} Biopsy -;fgf] 6'qmf df;' lgsfn]/
k/LIf0f_ u/L SofG;/sf] lgbfg ub{5 .
d'vsf] SofG;/sf] pkrf/ M
;dod} pkrf/ u/fPdf d'vsf] SofG;/ k"0f{ ?kn] 7Ls x'g ;Sb5 . t/ cfˆgf] :jf:Yo k|lt
x]nrs|ofO{ u/]df d'vsf] SofG;/ d[To'sf] sf/0f aGg k'Ub5 .
o; /f]udf ul/g] k|d'v pkrf/ ljlwx?lgDg 5g M
 zNolqmof M /f]u nfu]sf] efu jf c+unfO{ ck|]zg u/L lgsfNg] .
 /]l8of]y]/fkL M SofG;/ ePsf sf]lifsfx?nfO{ dfg{ ljls/0fsf] k|of]u .
 s]df]y]/fkL Mcf}iflw (Anti Cancer Drugs) sf] k|ofuåf/f pkrf/ .
 KoflnPl6e s]o/ Mj/fdLsf] b'vfO{ jf cGo c;'ljwfx? sd ug{ cfjZos pkrf/ .
d'vsf] SofG;/sf] k|sf/ / /f]uLsf] cj:yf x]/L cfjZostf cg';f/ Ps eGbf a9L
k4ltaf6 pkrf/ ul/G5 . o; afx]s lj/fdLsf] pkrf/df lj/fdLsf] :ofxf/ —;';f/,
kf}li6s vfgf / kfl/jfl/s :g]xsf] 7"nf] dxTj /x]sf] 5 .
d'vsf] SofG;/sf] /f]syfd M
d'vsf] SofG;/sf] /f]syfd ;/n Pj+ ;Dej 5 . o;sf nflu lgDg s'/fx?df Wofg lbO{
cfˆgf] hLjgz}nLdf kl/jt{g ug'{ cTofjZos 5 .
!= o; /f]uaf6 aRg] k|d'v pkfox?df v}gL, ;"tL{, tDafv', r'/f]6, lj8L, kfg cflbsf] ;]jg
slxNo} ug{ x'Gg .
@= cfˆgf] d'v / bf+t ;w} ;kmf /fVg' kb{5 . s[lqd bf+tx? (Dentures) ldnfP/
nufpg' kb{5 .

15. 15
#= d'vleqsf] s'g} efudf nfdf] ;do;Dd 5fnf uP/ lgsf] gx'g] 3fp, /ftf] kq
(Erythroplasia), ;]tf] kq (Leukoplekia) cflb b]lvPdf lrlsT;s ;+u k/LIf0f
u/fO{ ;dod} pkrf/ u/fpg' kb{5 .
$= d'v leq cGo s'g} v/faL ePdf jf z+sf nfu]df lrlsT;s;+u t'?Gt k/LIf0f u/fpg'
kb{5 .
:j:Yo hLjgz}nLsf ;fy} tfhf ;fukft, kmnkm"n vfgfdf ;dfj]z ug{ ;s]df SofG;/
nufot cGo /f]ux?af6 aRg ;lsG5 .
ofb /fVg'xf]; SofG;/ /f]usf] ;dod} pkrf/ u/]df lgsf] x'g ;S5 .
(. :tg SofG;/ (Breast Cancer)
:tgdf ePsf sf]if —sf]lifsfx?df c;fdfGo kl/jt{g cfO{ ltgLx?sf] clgolGqt tyf
cgfjZos a[l4af6 aGg] luvf{, uf+7f—u'7L jf lgsf] gx'g] 3fpnfO{ :tg SofG;/ elgG5 .
xfd|f] b]zdf o; /f]uaf6 jif]{gL y'k|} dlxnfx? k|efljt x'g] u/]sf]n] :tg SofG;/ Ps k|d'v
:jf:Yo ;d:ofsf] ?kdf b]lvPsf] 5 . of] /f]u k|foM dlxnfx?nfO{ nfUb5 t/ slxn]sfxL
k'?ifx? klg o; /f]uaf6 k|efljt x'g] u/]sf 5g . u/LaL, clzIff / c1fgtfsf sf/0f
;dod} pkrf/ gugf{n] of] /f]u dlxnfx?sf] d[To'sf] Ps k|d'v sf/0f ePsf] 5 .
tn pNn]lvt cj:yfx?df of] /f]u nfUg] ;+efjgf a9L ePsf] kfO{G5 M
 cfdf, lbbL, alxgL, 5f]/L jf b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf ghLssf gft]bf/x?df :tg
SofG;/ ePdf .
 :tgdf klxn]b]lv g} uf7f+u'7L jf k'/fgf ;d:ofx? EPdf .
 #) aif{kl5 aRrf hGdfpg] dlxnfx?df .
 aRrf ghGdfPsf dlxnfx?df .
 :tgkfg gu/fpg] dlxnfx?df .
 :tgsf] lgoldt ;/;kmfO{ gug]{ dlxnfx?df .
 klxnf Pp6f :tgdf SofG;/ e};s]sf dlxnfx?sf] csf]{ :tgdf klg SofG;/
x'g] ;+efjgf a9L x'G5 .
:tgsf] SofG;/df b]lvg] lrGx / nIf0fx? M
 :tgdf luvf{ km]nf kg{' .
 :tgsf] cfsf/df kl/jt{g cfpg' .
 :tgsf] 5fnfsf] /+udf kl/jt{g x'g' .
 d'G6f] ufl8g' (Retracted nipple)
 :tgsf] s'g} klg efu jf d'G6f]df nfdf] ;do;Dd lgsf] gx'g] 3fp x'g' .
:tg SofG;/ z'?sf] cj:yfdf kQf nufpg] t/Lsf tyf lgbfgsf pkfox? M
:tg SofG;/ z'?s} cj:yfdf lgbfg u/L cfjZos pkrf/ u/]df k"0f{tof lgsf] kfg{
;lsG5 . /f]usf] z'?s} cj:yfdf kQf nufO{ lgbfg ug{] pkfox? M

16. 16
:tg SofG;/ z'?s} cj:yfdf kQf nufpg lrlsT;s jf tfnLd k|fKt :jf:YosdL{x?af6
:tgsf] k/LIf0f u/fpg' kb{5 . ljif]z k|sf/sf] PS;—/]
-Dodf]u|fd_ af6 :tg SofG;/ z'?s} cj:yfdf kQf nufpg ;lsG5 . o;sf nflu $) aif{
pd]/ k'lu;s]sf dlxnfx?n] x/]s aif{ Dofdf]u|fkmL u/fO{ :tgsf] k/LIf0f u/fpg pko'Qm
x'G5 . t/ of] k|ljlw ;a{q pknAw gx'g] tyf cfly{s b[li6sf]0faf6 klg ;a}n] pkef]u ug{
g;Sg] ePsf]n] :tg SofG;/ kQf nufpg c? ljlwx?sf] ljsf; ul/Psf 5g . o;
ljlwdf dlxnfx?n] æcfˆgf] :tgsf] cfkm}n] k/LIf0fÆ u/L :tgdf c;fdfGo luvf{x? kQf
nufpg ;/n / ;Dej x'g] ePsf]n] cfˆgf] :tgsf] cfkm}n] k/LIf0f cyf{t Breast Self
Examination (BSE) eGg] t/Lsfsf] ljsf; e} k|rngdf cfPsf] 5 .
Dofdf]u|fkmL k/LIf0f (Mammography) M
Dofdf]u|fkmL k|ljlw :tg SofG;/ ga9]sf] cyf{t z'?s} cj:yfdf kQf nufpg] Ps ljif]z
k|sf/sf] PS;—/] k/LIf0f xf] .
:tg SofG;/sf] lgbfg—
Pkm= Pg= P= ;L= (FNAC) M :tgdf ePsf c:jefljs luvf{sf] sf]if—sf]lifsfx?sf]
cWoog (Cytology) u/L SofG;/ lgbfg ug{ of] k/LIf0f ul/G5 .
o; afx]s SofG;/ lgbfg ug{ cGo k/LIf0fx? klg cfjZostf cg';f/ ul/G5 .
:tg SofG;/sf] pkrf/ ljlw —
:tg SofG;/ dlxnfx?df k|foMh;f] pd]/ 9lNsb} uPkl5 nfu]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
lj/fdLsf] cj:yf, z/L/sf] cGo efudf SofG;/ km}lnPsf] jf gkm}lnPsf] (Spread)
cfwf/df lgDg pkrf/ ljlwx?sf] k|of]u ul/G5 .
!= zNolqmof M /f]u nfu]sf] efu jf c+unfO{ ck|]zg u/L lgsfNg] .
@= /]l8of]y]/fkL M SofG;/ ePsf sf]if—sf]lifsfx?nfO{ dfg{ ljls/0fsf] k|of]u .
#= s]Dkf]y]/fkL M cf}iflw (Anti Cancer Drugs) sf] k|of]uåf/f SofG;/ pkrf/ .
$= KoflnPl6e s]o/ M lj/fdLsf] kL8f / c;'ljwfx? sd ug{ ul/g] cfjZos pkrf/ .
lj/fdL / /f]usf] cj:yfsf] cfwf/df pk/f]Qm pkrf/ ljlwx?dWo] Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L
ljlwx?sf] k|of]u ul/G5 . kf}li6s cfxf/, lj/fdLsf] :ofxf/—;';f/ tyf kfl/jfl/s :g]xsf]
SofG;/ /f]usf] pkrf/df 7"nf] dxTj /x]sf] 5 .
:tg SofG;/sf] /f]syfd —
dlxnfx?n] cfˆgf] :tgsf] k/LIf0f cfkm}n] (BSE) dlxgfsf] PskN6 lgoldt ?kn]
ug'{kb{5 . olb :tgdf uf+7fu'7L, 8Nnf jf :tgsf] cfsf/, /+u kl/jt{g ePdf jf :tgaf6
lkk, /ut ldl;Psf] b'w cfPdf t'?Gt glhssf] :jf:Yo s]Gb| jf ;DalGwt c:ktfndf
hrfp+g' kb{5 .
 Aff];f]o'Qm vfg]s'/fx? tyf ;'tL{ ;]jg ug{' x'b}g .
 Dff]6f]kg 36fpg' kb{5 .
 AfRrfnfO{ -b'O{ aif{;Dd_ :tgkfg u/fpg' kb{5 .
 :tgsf] lgoldt ;/;kmfO{ ug{' kb{5 .
 lgoldt Jofofd ug{' kb{5 .
:tg SofG;/ z'?s} cj:yfdf kQf nufP/ pkrf/ u/]df lgsf] x'g ;S5 .

17. 17
!). cfˆgf] :tg cfkm}n] k/LIf0f ug]{ ljlwx? (Breast Self
Examination) M
o; ljlwdf dlxnfx?n] k|To]s dlxgf lgoldt ?kn] cfˆgf] :tg cfkm}n] 5fd]/ k/LIf0f
ug{'kb{5 . :tgdf x'g] kl/jt{g ;a{k|yd dlxnfx? cfkm}n] yfxf kfp+5g . lgoldt ?kn]
cfˆgf] b'a} :tg /fd|/L 5fd]/ k/LIf0f ugf{n] :tgdf ePsf] kl/jt{g jf luvf{x? kQf
nufpg ;xof]u ldNb5 . pQfgf] klN6P/ jf a;]/ :tg k/LIf0f ubf{ ;fgfltgf luvf{
klg km]nf kfg{ ;lsG5 . P]gf cufl8 :tg k/LIf0f u/]df :tgsf] cfsf/ / 5fnfdf
ePsf] kl/jt{g b]Vg ;lsG5 .
k|To]s dlxgf cfˆgf] :tgsf] k/LIf0f ubf{ :tgsf] jl/kl/ -;Dk"0f{ efu_ / sf+vLd'gL s'g}
luvf{x? eP gePsf] 5fdL x]g{' kb{5 . o;sf ;fy} cfˆgf] :tgsf] :j?k / /+udf s'g}
kl/jt{g cfP gcfPsf] klg Vofn ug'{kb{5 . o;/L k/LIf0f ubf{ km]nf k/]sf luvf{x?
lrlsT;såf/f k/LIf0f u/fO{ :tg SofG;/ eP gePsf] lgbfg ug{' kb{5 .
!!. kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/ (Lung Cancer)
dflg;sf] z/L/df Ps dxTjk"0f{ c+usf] ?kdf /x]sf] kmf]S;f]df ljleGg /f]ux? nfUg'sf ;fy}
SofG;/ klg nfUb5 . kmf]S;f]sf] s'g} klg efusf] sf]if—sf]lifsfx?df c;fdfGo kl/jt{g
cfO{ cgfjZos tyf clgolGqt ?kn] a[l4 eO{ uLvf{ jf nfdf] ;do;Dd lgsf] gx'g]
3fpnfO{ kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/ elgG5 .
kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/af6 ljZjel/ k|To]s jif{ nfvf} dflg;x? k|efljt x'g] u/]sf 5g . xfd|f]
b]zdf klg kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/af6 y'k|} k'?if tyf dlxnfx? kLl8t x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .
w'd|kfgsf] ;d:of xfd|f] ;dfhdf JofKt /x]sf] / w'd|kfgsf cDdnLx?n] hg;+Vofsf] 7"nf]
efu cf]u6]sf] x'gfn] kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/ xfd|f] b]zdf a9g] qmddf 5 .
kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/df x'g] k|d'v sf/0fx? M
! w'd|dfg M r'/f]6, la8L, s+Ss8 tDafv' cflb ;NsfO{ d'vn] tfg]/ w'jf+ kfg ug]{
k|s[ofnfO{ w'd|kfg elgG5 . o; k|sf/sf] w'+jfdf nueu $,))) k|sf/sf :jf:YonfO{ xfgL
ug]{ /f;folgs tTjx? x'G5g . w'd|kfgaf6 emG8} *%Ü cj:yfdf kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/ x'g]
;Defjgf x'G5 . kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/ x'g] k|d'v sf/0fx? dWo] w'd|kfg Ps xf] .
@= jftfj/0fLo k|b'if0f M
 snsf/vfgfaf6 lg:sg] w'jf+ .
 ;jf/L ;fwfgx?af6 lg:sg] w'jf+ .
 jftfj/0fdf /x]sf w'jf+sf s0f / /]zfx? .
#= kmf]S;f] ;DaGwL bL3{ /f]ux? .
kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/df b]lvg] lrGx / nIf0fx? M
 vsf/df /ut b]vf kg{' .
 nuftf/ ;'Vvf vf]sL nfUg' tyf bd a9g' .

18. 18
 5ftL b'Vg', cK7of/f] x'g' .
 w]/} lbg;Dd Hj/f] cfO/xg' .
 ef]s gnfUg' .
 z/L/sf] jhg 36b} hfg' jf b'Anfpb} hfg' .
 ;fwf/0f sfd ubf{ klg ysfO{ nfUg', uNg' .
z'?sf] cj:yfdf kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/sf k|i6 nIf0fx? b]vf kb]{g t/ SofG;/
a9b} hf+bf ljleGg nIf0fx? b]vf kg{ yfNb5g .
kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/sf] lgbfgsf] nflu ul/g] k/LIf0fx? M
kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/sf] lgbfg tn plNnlvt ljlwx?af6 ul/G5 .
!= PS;—/] M ;fwf/0f Pj+ ljz]if k|sf/sf PS;—/] k/LIf0fx?af6 kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/
kQf nufpg d2t k'Ub5 .
@= a|f]Gsf]:sf]kL M ljif]z k|sf/sf] kfO{k Zjf; gnL / kmf]S;f] leq k;fP/ k/LIf0f
u/L SofG;/sf] lgbfg ul/G5 .
#= l;= l6= :Sofg M cfjZostf cg';f/ kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/ lgbfg ug{ l;=l6=
:Sofg ul/G5 .
$= Pkm= Pg= P= ;L= M dl;gf] ;'O{sf] d2tn] SofG;/ k|efljt kmf]S;f]af6 sf]if—
sf]lifsfx? lgsfnL ul/g] k/LIf0f (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology)
af6 klg SofG;/sf] lgbfg x'g ;S5 . To:t} vsf/sf] k/LIf0f (Sputum
Cytology) af6 Zjf; gnLleqsf] ¥ofnsf] k/LIf0f .
%= afof]K;L (Biopsy) M df;'sf] ;fgf] 6'qmfsf] k/LIf0f u/L SofG;/sf] lgbfg
ul/G5 .
lj/fdLsf] cj:yf tyf nIf0fx?sf cfwf/df pk/f]Qm k/LIf0f afx]s cGo k/LIf0fx?
klg ug{' kg]{ x'g ;Sb5 .
kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/sf] pkrf/ ljlw
lj/fdLsf] cj:yf x]/L kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/sf] pkrf/ ljlwx?sf] lgwf{/0f ul/G5 . z'?s}
cj:yfdf kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/ kQf nufO{ pkrf/ u/]df of] /f]u lgsf] kfg{ ;lsG5 . o;
/f]udf ul/g] k|d'v pkrf/ ljlwx? lgDg 5g .
!= zNolqmof M /f]u nfu]sf] efu jf c+unfO{ ck|]zg u/L lgsfNg] .
@= /]l8of]y]/fkL M SofG;/ ePsf sf]if—sf]lifsfx?nfO{ dfg{ ljls/0fsf] k|of]u .
#= s]df]y]/fkL M cf}ifwL (Anti Cancer Drugs) sf] k|of]uåf/f SofG;/ pkrf/ .
$= KoflnPl6e s]o/ M /f]uLsf] b'vfO{ jf cGo c;'ljwfx? sd ug{ ul/g] pkrf/ .
lj/fdL / /f]usf] cj:yfsf] cfwf/df pk/f]Qm pkrf/ ljlwx? dWo] Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L
ljlwx?sf] k|of]u ul/G5 . z'?s} cj:yfdf /f]usf] lgbfg tyf cfjZos pkrf/ u/]df
lj/fdLsf] cfo' nDAofpg ;lsG5 .
kf}li6s cfxf/, lj/fdLsf] :ofxf/—;';f/ tyf kfl/jfl/s :g]xn] SofG;/ /f]usf] pkrf/df
7"nf] dxTj /x]sf] 5 .
kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/sf] /f]syfd

19. 19
kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/ kQf nfUbf;Dd z/L/sf] c? efudf ;d]t km}ln;s]sf] x'g] x+'bf / o:tf]
cj:yfdf pkrf/af6 klg ck]lIft nfe sd x'g] sf/0fn] ubf{ of] /f]u nfUgaf6 aRg' g}
dxTjk"0f{ kIf dflgPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu lgDg /f]syfdsf pkfox? Ug{ cfjZos kb{5 .
 kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/sf sf/0fx? dWo] w'd|kfgnfO{ Ps k|d'v sf/0fsf ?kdf lnOPsf]
5 . t;y{ w'd|kfg gug]{ xf] eg] kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/af6 hf]lug ;lsG5 . o;sf
nflu w'd|kfg / ;"tL{hGo kbfy{sf] ;]jg ug{' x'+b}g .
 c?n] u/]sf] w'd|kfgsf] c;/n] w'd|kfg gug]{ JolQmnfO{ klg SofG;/ x'g;Sg] x+'bf
;fj{hlgs 7fp+x?df, oftfoftsf ;fwgdf w'd|kfg ug{' x+'b}g .
 snsf/vfgf nufot ;jf/L ;fwgx?af6 lg:sg] w+'jfaf6 hf]lug' kb{5 .
 ;'/lIft r'Nnf]xsf] k|of]u u/L w+'jfaf6 aRg' kb{5 .
o; afx]s x/]s lbgsf] vfgfdf tfhf ;fukft, kmnkm"n ;dfa]; ug{ ;s]df SofG;/
nufot cGo w]/} /f]ux?af6 klg aRg ;lsG5 .
SofG;/ /f]u z'?s} cj:yfdf kQf nufO{ pkrf/ u/]df lgsf] x'g ;S5 .
!@. kf7]3/ -uef{Zo_ sf] d'vsf] SofG;/
(Canceer of Uterine Cervix)
kf7]3/ -uef{zo_ sf] d'vsf] sf]if–sf]lifsfx?df c;fdfGo kl/jt{g x'g uO{ To+xfsf
cgfjZos tyf clgolGqt ?kn] a[l4 eP/ aGg] luvf{ (Tumour) jf lgsf] gx'g]
3fpnfO{ kf7]3/sf] SofG;/ elgG5 .
dlxnfx?df b]lvPsf SofG;/ /f]ux? dWo] kf7]3/sf] d'vsf] (Cervix) SofG;/ k|d'v
/x]sf] 5 . xfd|f] b]zsf] k|d'v c:ktfnx?sf] tYofÍ x]bf{ kf7]3/sf] d'vsf] sofG;/
cu|:yfgdf /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . c1fgtf lzIffsf] sdL tyf ul/aLsf sf/0f ;dod}
pkrf/ ug} g;Sbf kf7]3/sf] SofG;/af6 jif]{gL y'k|} dlxnfx?sf] d[To' x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
z'?s} cj:yfdf /f]u kQf nufO{ cfjZos pkrf/ u/]df of] /f]uaf6 aRg tyf
kf7]3/sf] SofG;/ lgsf] kfg{ ;lsG5 .
kf7]3/sf] d'vsf] SofG;/ x'g] k|d'v sf/0fx? M
 sd pd]/df ljjfx tyf of}g ;Dks{ .
 sd pd]/df aRrf hGdfpg' .
 w]/} aRrf hGdfPsf] cj:yf .
 u'KtfËsf] ;/;kmfO{df Wofg glbg' .
 r'/f]6, la8L, v}gL, tdfv' / ;"tL{hGo kbfy{sf] ;]jg .
 Ps eGb a9L JolQmx?;+u of}g ;Dks{ .
 ;'Id hLjf0f' (Human papilloma virus) sf] uef{zodf ;+qmd0f .
 of}g tyf u'KtfËsf bL3{ /f]ux? .
kf7]3/sf] d'vsf] SofG;/sf] nIf0f tyf lrGxx?
 dlxgfjf/L gePsf] ;dodf klg /ut b]vf kg'{ (Inter Menstrual
Bleeding) .
 of}g ;Dks{ kl5 /ut cfpg' (Contact Bleeding)

20. 20
 pd]/ k'uL dlxgfjf/L aGb eO;s]sf dlxnfx?sf] of]lgaf6 /ut cfpg' (Post
Menopausal Bleeding) .
 u'KtfËaf6 c;fdfGo tyf c:jefljs t/n kbfy{ aUg' .
 dlxgfjf/L x'Fbf w]/} lbg;Dd jf a9L dfqfdf /ut aUg' .
 ;do–;dodf tNnf] k]6 b'Vg' .
pk/f]Qm s'g} klg nIf0f tyf lrGxx? b]vf k/]df t'/Gt ghLssf] :jf:Yo ;+:yf jf
;DalGwt c:ktfndf ;Dks{ /fVg' kb{5 .
kf7]3/sf] d'vsf] SofG;/ lgbfg M
kf7]3/sf] d'vsf] SofG;/sf] lgbfg tn pNn]lvt ljlwx?af6 ul/G5 .
!= Kofk :d]o/ -uef{zosf] >fj k/LIf0f_
kf7]3/sf] d'vsf] SofG;/ kQf nufpg uef{zosf] >fj k/LIf0f ug{' kb{5 . o;sf nflu
dlxnfx?n] k|To]s jif{ Kofk :d]o/ k/LIf0f ug{' clgjfo{ 5 . o; k/LIf0fdf uef{zosf]
d'vsf] sf]if–sf]lifsfx?df c;fdfGo kl/jt{g cWoog (Cytology) u/L Sofg;/ nfu]sf]
jf gnfu]sf] kQf nufO{G5 .
@= afof]K;L (Biopsy)
lrlsT;ssf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ kf7]3/sf] d'vaf6 df;'sf] ;fgf] 6'qmf lemsL k|of]uzfnfdf
Histopathological k/LIf0f u/L /f]usf] lgbfg (Final Diagnosis) ul/G5 .
kf7]3/sf] d'vsf] SofG;/sf] k|d'v pkrf/ ljlwx? M
z'?s} cj:yfdf of] /f]u kQf nufO{ ;d'lrt pkrf/ u/]df kf7]3/sf] d'vsf] sofG;/
k"0f{tof lgsf] kfg{ ;lsG5 . t/ /f]usf] k|s[lt, c? c+udf km}lnPsf] jf gkm}lnPsf]
cj:yfx? OToflbn] pkrf/sf] k|efjsfl/tf / kl/0ffd lge{/ ub{5 . t;y{ kf7]3/sf]
d'vsf] SofG;/ z'?s} cj:yfdf kQf nufO{ pkrf/ ug{ cfjzos 5 .
!= zNols|of M /f]u nfu]sf] efu jf c+unfO{ ck|]zg u/L lgsfNg] .
@= /]l8of]y]/fkL M SofG;/ ePsf sf]if–sf]lifsfx?nfO{ dfg{ ljls/0fsf] k|of]u ul/g]
pkrf/ljlw .
#= s]df]y]/f]kL M cf}ifwL (Anti cancer Drugs) sf] k|of]uåf/f SofG;/ ePsf sf]if–
sf]lifsfx? gf; ug]{ pkrf/ ljlw .
$= KoflnPl6e s]o/ M /f]uLsf] b'vfO{ jf cGo c;'ljwfx? sd ug{ ul/g] cfjZos pkrf/
ljlw .
la/fdL / /f]usf] k|s[ltsf] cfwf/df pk/f]Qm pkrf/ ljlwx? dWo] Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L
ljlwx?sf] k|of]u ul/G5 . kf}li6s cfxf/, la/fdLsf] :ofxf/–;';f/ tyf kfl/jfl/s :g]xsf]
SofG;/ /f]usf] pkrf/df 7"nf] dxTj /x]sf] 5 .
kf7]3/sf] d'vsf] SofG;/ /f]syfd M
kf7]3/sf] d'vsf] sofG;/ /f]syfd ug{ ;Dej ePsfn] lgDg lnlvt s'/fx? ug{ cfjZos
5 M
 sd pd]/df ljjfx ug{' x'b}g .
 dlxnfx?n] lgoldt :qL/f]u k/LIf0f / x/]s jif{ Kofk :d]o/ k/LIf0f u/fpg' kb{5
.

21. 21
 w]/} hgf;+u of}g ;Dks{ ug{' sofG;/sf] Ps sf/s tTj ePsf] x'gfn] ;f]af6
hflug' kb{5 .
 u'KtfÍ ;DaGwL /f]ux?sf] ;dod} pkrf/ u/fpg' kb{5 .
 u'KtfÍ ;w}+ ;kmf /fVg' kb{5 .
 w]/} aRrf hGdfpg' x'b}g .
 r'/f]6 lj+8L, v|}gL, tdfv' h:tf ;"tL{hGo kbfy{x?sf] ;]jg ug{' x'b}g .
 :jf:Yo hLjgz}nL ckgfpgfn] SofG;/ nufot cGo /f]ux? nfUgaf6 ;d]t aRg
;lsG5 .
 kf7]3/sf] SofG;/ ;dod} k/LIf0f u/L pkrf/ u/]df k"0f{tof lgsf] x'g;S5 .
!#. uef{zo >fj k/LIf0f (PAP SMEAR TEST)
SofG;/ k|To]s dflg;sf] dgdf eo ;+rf/ u/fpg] /f]usf] gfd xf] . SofG;/ w]/} k|sf/sf
x'G5g, h;dWo] uef{zosf] d'vsf] -;le{S;_ SofG;/af6 w]/} dlxnfx?sf] d[To'eO;s]sf]
tYo ljleGg cWoog / cg';Gwfgn] hgfPsf] 5 . uef{zosf] d'vsf] SofG;/ z'?s}
cj:yfdf kQf nufO{ cfjZos pkrf/ u/fPdf k"0f{?kdf lgsf] kfg{ klg ;lsG5 .
uef{zosf] d'vsf] SofG;/ kQf nufpgsf] nflu >fj k/LIf0f ug{ h?/L 5 .
!= uef{zo >fj k/LIf0f eg]sf] s] xf] <
uef{zo >fj k/LIf0f Ps ;/n / 5l/tf] k/LIf0f xf] . o; k/LIf0faf6 uef{zosf]
d'vdf SofG;/ ePsf] 5 jf 5}g eGg] yfxf kfOG5 .
@= uef{zo >fj k/LIf0f lsg cfjjZos 5 <
uef{zo >fj k/LIf0f ug'{ cToGt cfjZos 5, lsgeg] o;n] uef{zosf sf]lifsfx?
;fdfGo /x]sf] jf g/x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fp+b5 . olb uef{zosf sf]lifsfx? c;fdfGo
/x]df t'?Gt pkrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 . To;}n] SofG;/ x'g'af6 aRg / z'?s} cj:yfdf /f]u
kQf nufP/ pkrf/ ug{sf] nflu uef{zo >fj k/LIf0f u/fpg' clt g} cfjZos 5 .
#= of] k/LIf0f s;nfO{ cfjZos 5 <
k|To]s ljjflxt dlxnf jf of}g hLjgdf cfa4 eO;s]sf dlxnfx? ;a}n] of] k/LIf0f
u/fpg' h?/L 5 .
$= of] k/LIf0f slt slt ;dodf u/fpg' k5{ <
of}g hLjgdf cfa4 dlxnfx?n] Ps—Ps jif{df of] k/LIf0f u/fpg' kb{5 . o; afx]s
lrlsT;ssf] ;Nnfxcg';f/ cfjZos k/]df klg of] k/LIf0f u/fpg' kb{5 .
%= of] k/LIf0f s;/L ul/G5 <
of] k/LIf0f ubf{ dlxnfx?nfO{ s'g} lsl;dsf] kL8f x+'b}g . cg'ejL :jf:YosdL{x?åf/f
Pp6f ;fwf/0f cf}hf/sf] ;xfotfn] uef{zosf] k/LIf0f u/L >fj ;+sng ul/G5 . o;/L
;+slnt >fj k/LIf0fsf nflu k|of]uzfnfdf k7fOG5 .
^= >fj k/LIf0fsf] glthf c;fwf/0f cfPdf s] ug]{ <
uef{zosf] >fj k/LIf0fsf] glthf c;fwf/0f (Abnormal) b]lvPdf lrlsT;ssf]
;Nnfx cg';f/ cfjZos cGo k/LIf0f Pj+ pkrf/ u/fpg' kb{5 .
xfd|f] b]zdf :jf:Yok|lt r]tgfsf] cefjsf sf/0f uef{zosf] SofG;/n] y'k|} dlxnfx?sf]
d[To' x'g] u/]sf] 5 . uef{zosf] >fj k/LIf0f u/]df cfˆgf] :jf:Yo l:yltaf/] hfgsf/L

22. 22
ldNb5 . lgoldt ?kn] >fj k/LIf0f -k|To]s jif{_ u/]df uef{zosf] SofG;/ z'?sf]
cj:yfdf kQf nfUb5 . o:tf SofG;/x? pkrf/ u/fPdf k"0f{tof lgsf] x'g;Sb5 .
kf7]3/sf] SofG;/ ;dod} k/LIf0f u/L pkrf/ u/]df k"0f{tof lgsf] x'g';S5 .

23. 23
!$. k]6 -cfdfzo_ sf] SofG;/ (Stomach Cancer)
cfdfzosf] s'g} klg efudf /x]sf sf]if–sf]lifsfx?df c;fdfGo kl/jt{g x'g uO{
cgfjZos tyf clGolGqt ?kn] a[l4 eP/ ljsf; x'g] uLvf{ jf lgsf] gx'g] 3fpnfO{
cfdfzosf] SofG;/ elgG5 . ljZjdf cfdfzosf] SofG;/sf /f]uLx?sf] ;+Vof lbgx'+
al9/x]sf] 5 . xfd|f] b]zdf klg cfdfzosf] SofG;/af6 lj/fdLx? k|z:t dfqfdf k|efljt
ePsf 5g . clzIff, c1fgtf, ul/aL, c:jf:Yos/ vfglkg tyf cfkmgf] :jf:Yo k|lt
;r]t gePsf sf/0f cfdfzosf] SofG;/af6 jif]{gL y'k|} dflg;x?sf] d[To' x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
cfdfzosf] Sofg;/sf sf/0fx? M
cfdfzosf] SofG;/ x'gdf vfglkgsf] k|d'v e"ldsf /x]sf] kfOG5 . xfd|f] vfgfdf
SofG;/sf sf/s tTjx? 5g eg] o;n] cfdfzosf] SofG;/ u/fp+5 .
tn pNn]lvt vfg]s'/fx? :jf:Yosf nflu xflgsf/s x'gfsf ;fy} sofG;/ u/fpgdf ;d]t
d2t k'¥ofpFb5g M
 af;L tyf 9';L k/]sf vfgfx? .
 7Ls t/Lsfn] e08f/0f (Storage) gul/Psf cGg tyf u]8f–u'8Ldf 9';L k/L
ckmnf6S;Lg (Aflatoxin) gfds Ps k|sf/sf] ljiffbL aGb5 h;n] sn]hf],
k]6 cflbsf] SofG;/ u/fpF|b5 .
 kf]n]/ 89]sf] df;', ;]s'jf cflb .
 89]sf vfg]s'/fx? .
 cvfB /+u k|of]u ul/Psf vfg]s'/fx? .
 r'/f]6, la8L, v}gL, ;"tL{, hf+8, /S;L cflbsf] ;]jg .
 nfdf] ;do ;Dd g"gdf tyf cldNofP/ /fv]sf vfB j:t'x? .
 sL6gfzs cf}ifwL tyf /f;folgs dn k|of]u ul/Psf vfB kbfy{x? .
 Helico bacter pylori gfdsf] ;'Id hLjf0f'sf] ;+qmd0faf6 klg cfdfzosf]
SofG;/ x'g ;Sb5 .
cfdfzosf] sofG;/df b]lvg] nIf0f tyf lrGxx? M
 ef]s gnfUg', vfgf k|lt ?lr gx'g' .
 k]6sf] dflyNnf] efudf kf]Ng', b'Vg' (Epigastric pain) jf cK7of/f]
(Discomfort) x'g' .
 k]6 8Dd km"n]sf] h:tf] cg'ej x'g' .
 vfgf /fd|/L gkRg' .
 jfs jfs nfUg', jfGtf x'g' .
 jfGtfdf /ut b]vf kg{' .
 lbzf sfnf] x'g' .
 z/L/sf] jhg sd xF'b} hfg' .
 cfdfzosf] 3fp (Gastric Ulcer) nfdf] ;do ;Dd lgsf] gx'g' .
SofG;/ /f]usf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] pkrf/ eg]sf] o;sf] ;dod} lgbfg, pkrf/ u/fpg' /
dgf]an a9fpg' xf] . Sofg;/ lgsf] x'g ;S5 .

24. 24
dfly pNn]lvt nIf0f tyf lrGxx? b]vfk/]df lrlsT;ssf] ;Nnfx cjZo lng' kb{5 .
cfdfzosf] SofG;/sf] lgbfg M
cfdfzosf] SofG;/ lgbfg ug{sf nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ lgDg k/LIf0fx? ul/G5g M
 OG8f]:sf]kL (Endoscopy) M Ps ljz]if k|sf/sf] pks/0fsf] ;xfotfn]
cfdfzosf] ljleGg efusf] k/LIf0f u/L SofG;/ nfu]sf] jf gnfu]sf] kQf
nufOG5 .
 PS;–/] k/LIf0f (Barium Swaqllow) M lj/fdLnfO{ Ps k|sf/sf] cf}ifwL
v'jfP/ cfdfzosf] PS;–/] u/L Sofg;/ kQf nufpg d2t ldNb5 .
 l;= l6= :Sofg (CT-Scan) M k]6sf] l;= l6= :Sofg u/L lj:t[t cWoogåf/f
SofG;/ kQf nufpg ;lsG5 .
 cN6«f;f]gu|fkmL (Ultrasonography) M o; k/LIf0faf6 cfdfzodf
SofG;/sf] 8Nnf] eP gePsf] kQf nufpg d2t k'Ub5 .
 afof]K;L (Biopsy) M /f]un] k|efljt ePsf] efusf] ;fgf] df;'sf] k/LIf0f
u]// SofG;/ nfu]sf] lgbfg (Final diagnosis) ul/G5 .
pk/f]Qm k/LIf0f afx]s /f]u lgbfg tyf pkrf/sf nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ /ut, lbzf,
lk;fa cflbsf] k/LIf0fx? klg ul/G5 .
cfdfzosf] SofG;/sf] pkrf/ ljlwx? M
cfdfzosf] SofG;/sf] pkrf/ ufx|f] Pj+ r'gf}ltk"0f{ 5 . /f]usf] k|s[lt, k}mnfj6 tyf
lj/fdLsf] cj:yf x]/L tn pNn]v ul/Psf ljlwx?af6 o;sf] pkrf/ ul/G5 . z'?sf]
cj:yfdf k]6sf] SofG;/ (Early Gastric Cancer) kQf nufO{ cfjZos pkrf/
u/]df lgsf] kfg{ ;lsG5 .
 zNolqmof M /f]u nfu]sf] efunfO{ ck|]zg u/L lgsfNg] lrlsT;f ljlw .
 /]l8of]y]/fkL –ljls/0f lrlsT;f_ M SofG;/ ePsf sf]if–sf]lifsfx?nfO{ dfg{
ljls/0fsf] k|of]u .
 s]df]y]/fkL M cf}ifwLx? (Anti Cancer Drugs) sf] k|of]uåf/f pkrf/ .
 Palliative Care M lj/fdLsf] b'vfO{ P+j cGo c;'ljwfx?nfO{ sd ug{ ul/g]
pkrf/ ljlw .
kf}li6s cfxf/, :ofxf/–;';f/ / kfl/jfl/s :g]xn] pkrf/sf] k|efjsfl/tf cem j9fp+5 .
cfdfzosf] sofG;/sf] /f]syfd
cfdfzosf] jSofG;/sf] pkrf/ s7Lg ePsf] / pkrf/kl5 klg ck]lIft nfe sd x'g]
ePsf]n] o;nfO{ /f]syfd ug{'g} dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] 5 . cfdfzosf] SofG;/ x'gaf6
aRgsf nflu dfly pNn]lvt xflgsf/s vfg]s'/fx? vfg x'+b}g . tfhf ;fu, t/sf/L,
kmnkm"n, u]8f–u'8L lgoldt ?kn] vfgfdf ;dfa]z ugf{n] cfdfzosf] SofG;/sf] /f]syfd
ug{ d2t ldNb5 . o; afx]s s;}nfO{ cfdfzosf] k'/fgf ;d:ofx? 5g eg] jf dfly
pNn]lvt nIf0fx? b]lvPdf cljnDa lrlsT;ssf] ;Nnfx lng' kb{5 . :j:Yo hLjg–z}nL,
lgoldt Jofofd, tfhf kmnkm"n Pj+ :j:Yo vfglkgn] SofG;/ nufot cGo y'k|}
/f]ux?af6 klg aRg ;lsG5 .
ofb /fVg'xf]; sofG;/ /f]usf] ;dod} pkrf/ u/]df lgsf] x'g ;S5 .

25. 25
!%. v}gLsfaf/]df clt v/f] tYox?
;"lt{ ;]jg :jf:Yosf nflu xflgsf/s 5 .v}gLsf k'l/ofdf n]lvPsf] æ;"lt{ ;]jg :jf:Yosf
nflu xflgsf/s 5Æ eGg] s'/f kTofpg' xf]; . o;n[] d'vsf[ SofG;/ u/fp+5 .
v}gLn] cf]7, ufnf, lha|f] / cGo k|sf/sf SofG;/ u/fp+5 . hlt w]/}aif{b]lv v}gL vfg
yflnPsf] xf] Toflt g} al9 d'vsf] SofG;/ x'g] vt/f x'G5 . o;n] luhfsf] /f]u nufp+5 /
cGttM yf]t] agfp+5 .
v}gLdf ePsf r'gf / cGo /;fogn] luhf kfl5g] u5{ / luhfsf] df;' knfp+g g;lsg]
u/L 3fp agfp+5 . o;sf] c;/n] leqL ufnfdf v}/]v}/f] ;]tf bfux? aG5g / tL bfux?
d'vsf] 3fpdf kl/0ft x'G5g . o:t} d'vsf] 3fpaf6 s/Lj () k|ltzt SofG;/ z'? x'g]
u/]sf] kfOPsf]5 . v}gLaf/] tkfO{ xfdLn] hfGg}kg]{ s'/fx? v}gL b'O{ lsl;dsf x'G5g Pp6f
tof/L v}gL / csf]{ df8]/ agfpg' kg]{ . v}gL pBf]ux?n] tof/L v}gLdf ;'uGw klg xfn]sf
x'G5g . To;}n] tof/L v}gLnfO{ ;'ulGwt v}gL eg]/ klg k|rf/ ul/Psf] x'G5 . df8]/
agfpg' kg]{ v}gLdf ;'Svf ;"lt{dfq x'G5 / r'gf ePsf] dg k5{ , s;}nfO{ v/f] kftsf]
v}gL dg k5{ .
tof/L v}gL / df8g] v}gLdf b'j}df lgsf]l6g gfds tTj x'G5 . lgsf]l6g nfu" tntn
nufpg] tTj xf] . of] tTjn] olt vfof] Tolt g} afgL kfb}{ nfg] / dfqf klg a9fpg kg]{
cj:yf agfOlbG5 . v}gL olt vfg yfNof] tntn klg a9g] / dfqf klg a9fp+b} nfg'kg]{
x'G5 . o;f] x+'bf v}gLsf] dfqf a9fp+g' kg]{ / l56f]l56f] vfg'kg]{ u/L tntn nfU5 .
d'vsf] sofG;/ u/fpg] k|dv sf/0fdWo] v}gL klg Ps xf] . d'vsf] sofG;/ kL8fbfos
x'G5 / lgsf] kfg{ g;lsg] ePsfn] Hofgdf/f klg xf] .
ofb u/f}+ <
 v}gLdf lgsf]l6g tTj xG5 . To;n] nt nufp+5 / lbg k|ltlbg dfqf a9fp+g
jfWo kf5{ .
 v}gL 5f]8g ;lsg] / 5f]8g} kg]{ ;"lt{hGo j:t' xf] .
 v}gL klg c? ;"lt{hGo j:t' h:t} xflgsf/s j:t' xf] .
 To;}n] o;sf] ;]jg z'? ub}{ gug{'xf]; / ug]{n] klg 5f]8g] k|oTg ug{'xf]; .
!^= s]df]y]/fkLaf/] s]xL hfgsf/L
s]df]y]/fkL (Chemotherapy)
s]df]y]/fkL eGgfn] cf}iflwx?sf] k|of]uåf/f SofG;/sf] pkrf/ ug'{ xf] . o; pkrf/ ljlwdf
ljz]if k|sf/sf cf}iflwx?sf] k|of]uaf6 SofG;/ ePsf sf]ifx?nfO{ gi6 ul/G5 .
s]df]y]/fkL lsg lbOG5 <
SofG;/ /f]u lgsf] kfg{ jf a9g glbg tyf cGo nIf0fx? sd u/fpg o;sf] k|of]u
ul/G5 .

26. 26
s]df]y]/fkLn] s;/L lbOG5 <
s]df]y]/fkLsf] k|of]u cfjZostf x]l/ ;"O{ (Injection), SofK;'n jf vfg] rSsLsf] ?kdf
lbOG5 .
s]df]y]/fkLn] z/L/df s;/L sfd ub{5 <
;"O{ jf vfg] rSsLsf] ?kdf k|of]u ul/Psf SofG;/sf cf}iflwx? z/L/el/ km}lnG5g /
sofG;/ ePsf sf]ifx?nfO{ gi6 ub{5g .
To;sf ;fy} ;fdfGo sf]ifx?nfO{ klg c;/ ub{5 / dfb{5 . t;y{ s]df]y]/fkLsf] k|efjn]
gi6 ePsf ;fdfGo sf]ifx? k'gM aGg s]xL ;dosf] cfjZostf kg]{ x'gfn] #–$ xKtfsf]
cGt/df s]df]y]/fkL lbg] ul/G5 . ;fdfGotof s]df]y]/fkL lb+bf b'Vb}g . t/ ;"O{ nufPsf]
7fpFaf6 cf}iflw r'lxof] eg] To; 7fpFdf kf]n]sf] cg'ej x'G5 / kl5 To; 7fpFdf 3fp klg
x'g ;Sb5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf ;DalGwt :jf:YosdL{nfO{ t'?Gt vj/ ug{' kb{5 .
s]df]y]/fkLsf k|lts"n c;/x? M
sofG;/sf] pkrf/df s]df]y]/fkLsf] dxTjk"0f{ :yfg /xFbf /xFb} klg o;sf s]xL k|lts"n
c;/x? (Side Effects) klg 5g . oL k|lts"n c;/x?af/] lj/fdL tyf lj/fdLsf
cfkmGtn] yfxf kfpg' cfjzos 5 h'g lgDg cg';f/ 5g M
-s_ jfs–jfs nfUg' jf jfGtf cfpg' (Nausea, Vomiting) M
s]df]y]/fkL lbPsf] t'?Gt} jf s]xL ;dokl5 lj/fdLnfO{ jfs–jfs nfUg jf jfGtf cfpg
;Sb5 . o:tf] k|lts"n c;/nfO{ sd ug{ s]df]y]/fkL lng'eGbf Ps–b'O{ lbgcl3 b]lv g}
lj/fdLn] xNsf vfgf / emf]n kbfy{ oy]i6 dfqfdf vfg' kb{5 . o;sf ;fy}{ s]df]y]/fkL
kfO;s]kl5 klg s]xL ;do xNsf lrof, emf]n kbfy{ vfg] ug'{ kb{5 . o;f] u/]df jfs–jfs
nfUg] / afGtf cfpg] h:tf k|lts"n c;/x? sd x'G5g . t/ nuftf/ afGtf cfO/x]df
lrlsT;ssf] ;Nnfx lng cfjZos kb{5 .
-v_ slAhot ÷ uf]6fkg{' (Constipation) M
s]df]y]/fkLsf sf/0f la/fdLnfO{ slAhot x'g ;Sb5 . o:tf] la/fdLn] xl/of], tfhf
;fu;AhL, kmnkm"n tyf k|z:t dfqfdf emf]n kbfy{ / kfgL vfgfn] slAhot ;d:of x'Fb}g
. o;af6 klg uf]6fkg]{ sd gePdf ;DalGwt lrlsT;s;+u k/fdz{ ug{' kb{5 .
-u_ kvfnf (Diarrhoea) M
s]df]y]/fkL kZrft slxn]sfxLF ;fwf/0f vfnsf] kvfnf nfUg ;Sb5 . o;af6 hf]lug
lj/fdLn] vfglkg tyf ;/;kmfO{df ljz]if Wofg lbg' kb{5 . krfpg ufx|f] x'g] vfnsf
vfgfx? h:t} cldnf], kL/f], d;nf / af];f]o'Qm vfg] s'vfx? vfg xF'b}g . w]/} tftf] jf w]/}
rL;f] vfg]s'/feGbf dgtftf] vfgf pko'Qm x'G5 . lj/fdLnfO{ hLjghn, bfnsf] /;h:tf
emf]n kbfy{ v'jfO{/fVg' kb{5 . w]/} k6s kvfnf nflu/x]df :jf:YosdL{ jf ;DjlGwt
:jf:Yo ;+:yfdf pkrf/sf nflu ;Dks{ /fVg' kb{5 .
-3_ d'vsf] ;d:of (Oral Problems) M

27. 27
s]df]y]/fkL kfO/x]sf jf kfO;s]sf la/fdLx?nfO{ slxn]sfxLF d'vleq 3fp cfpg], vfgf
vfFbf b'Vg]h:tf ;d:ofx? x'g] ub{5g . o:tf] cj:yfdf ;DalGwt lrlsT;ssf] ;/–
;Nnfxljgf s'g} klg cf}iflwsf] k|of]u ug{' x'Fb}g . d'vleq x'g] oL ;d:ofx?nfO{ sd ug{
lj/fdLn] vfglkgdf ljz]if Wofg k'¥ofpg' kb{5 . d'v ;kmf /fVg laxfg a]n'sL g/d
vfnsf] a|;n] bfFt dfemg' kb{5 . w]/} tftf], w]/} lr;f] jf d'v kf]Ng] vfnsf vfgf vfg'
x'Fb}g . d'vleq x'g] o; k|sf/sf ;d:ofx? sd ug{sf nflu Ps Unf; dgtftf] kfgLdf
cfwf rDrf g"g ldnfP/ lbsf] @–# k6s s'Nnf ug{' pko'Qm x'G5 .
-ª_ skfn emg]{ (Alopecia) M
s]df]y]/fkLsf] k|efjaf6 lj/fdLsf] skfn / z/L/sf] cGo efusf /f}+x? h:t}M k/]nf, cfFvL
tyf cGoqsf /f}+x? klg emb{5g / lj/fdLnfO{ lrGg ;d]t ufx|f] kg{ ;Sb5 . o:tf] a]nf
df};dcg';f/ 6fkL, ?dfn, sk8f jf jLu -s[lqd skfn_ sf] k|of]u u/L 6fpsf]nfO{
cTolws udL{ jf lr;f]af6 arfpg' kb{5 . o;/L em/]sf] skfn / /f}+x? s]xL dlxgfkl5
k'gM knfP/ cfpFb5g .
-r_ /utdf x'g] c;/x? M
/ut aGg] efu (Bone-Marrow) df s]df]y]/fkLsf] c;/n] ubf{ /Qms0fx?sf] ;+Vofdf
/ To;sf] sfo{Ifdtfdf sdL x'g ;Sb5 . o;n] ubf{ z/L/df /utsf] sdL (Anaemia)
x'g], lj/fdL sdhf]/ x'g], 5fnfdf gLn8fd kg]{ cflb ;d:ofx? x'g ;Sb5 . s]df]y]/fkLn]
dlxnfx?sf] l8Da / k'?ifx?sf] jLo{ aGg] k|lqmofdf klg v/fa c;/ kfb{5 . o:tf]
cj:yfdf ue{wf/0f ug{ pko'Qm gx'g] x'Fbf :jf:YosdL{sf] ;Nnfxcg';f/ ue{lg/f]ws
cf}iflwx?sf] k|of]u ug{' kb{5 .
pk/f]Qm c;/x? afx]s s]df]y]/fkLsf sf/0f xft v'§f emdemd ug{}, vfgf ?lr gx'g],
sdhf]/L x'g] cflb klg x'g ;Sb5 .
tn pNn]lvt s'g} klg cj:yfdf s]df]y]/fkL kfO/x]sf la/fdLx?n] cfkmgf] glhssf]
:jf:Yo ;+:yf jf ;DalGwt c:ktfndf t'?Gt ;Dks{ /fVg' kb{5 M
 z/Lsf] s'g} klg efu c;fwf/0f lsl;dn] b'v]df .
 @$ 306feGbf a9L ;do;Dd afGtf cfO/x]df .
 nfdf] ;do;Dd emf8f, kvfnf jf slAhot eO/x]df .
 z/L/sf] s'g} efuaf6 /ut cfpg] jf gLn8fd kg]{ ePdf .
 w]/} Hj/f] -#*)
;]= jf ;f]eGbf dfly_ cfPdf, hf8f] eO{ y/y/ sfk]df .
 l/+u6f nfUg], ysfO nfUg] jf ;fF; km'Ng] ePdf .
 lk;fa ubf{ kf]Ng], lk;fa sd x'g] jf /ut lkl;Psf] lk;fa cfPdf .
ofb /fVg'xf]; ;dod} pkrf/ u/]df SofG;/ lgsf] x'g ;S5 .

28. 28
lgDg cg';f/ nIf0f tyf lrGx b]lvPdf st} SofG;/ t ePsf] xf]Og egL
glhssf] c:ktfndf ;Nnfx lncf}+ .
 dlxgfjf/L gePsf] a]nfdf /ut b]lvg', uGxfpg] ;]tf] kfgL aUg' dlxgfjf/L
/f]lsPsf dlxnfx?sf] k'gM /Qm;|fj x'g' .
 vsf/df /ut b]vfkg{' jf nfdf] ;do;Dd vf]sL lgsf] gx'g' .
 :tgdf ufF7fuF'7Lx? b]lvg' d'G6f]af6 /ut ldl;Psf] b"w cfpg' jf d'G6f] blag' .
 z/L/df luvf{, ufF7fu'7Lx? b]lvg' .
 sf]7L / d';fx?sf] /+u ablng' jf klxn] ePsfsf] cfsf/ a9b}hfg' jf cGoq km}lng' .
 nfdf] ;do ;Dd lgsf] gx'g] 3fp x'g' .
 vfgf lgNg ufx|f] x'g', :j/ kl/j{tg jf wf]b|f[] x'g' .
 nfdf] ;do;Dd uf]6f kg{' , kftnf] lb;f x'g' , lb;fdf /ut b]lvg' .
 5f]6f] ;dod} z/L/sf] jhg w]/} 36g' , /QmcNktf b]lvg' , Hj/f] cfO/xg' .
 gfs, d'v / z/L/sf] l5b| (Orifices) af6 /ut cfpg' .
 w]/} lbg;Dd 6fpsf] b'lv/xg' , afGtf x'g' , l/+u6f nfUg' , cfFvf wldnf] b]lvg' jf
sDkg -d[uL_ cfpg' .
lgDg pkfox? ckgfPdf SofG;/ /f]uaf6 aRg ;lsG5 M
 r'/f]6, la+8L, v}gL, ;'tL{, hfF8, /S;L / nfu'kbfy{ ;]jg gug]{ .
 af;L, ;8]un]sf] / 9';L k/]sf vfgfx? gvfg] .
 kf]n]/ 89]sf] df;' / cGo vfg]s'/f gvfg] .
 lrNnf] af];f]o'Qm vfg]s'/f / w]/} g'g gvfg] .
 cvfB /+u k|of]u ul/Psf vfg]s'/f gvfg] .
 w'nf], w'jfF tyf jftfj/0fLo k|b"if0faf6 hf]lug] .
 cfkmgf] u'KtfË ;w}+ ;kmf /fVg] .
 df};dcg';f/sf] xl/of] ;fukft, t/lsf/L / kmnkm"n lbgx"F vfg] .
 dlxnfx?n] cfkmgf] uef+{zo ;|fj k/LIf0f (Pap Smear) ug]{ .
 :tgdf luvf{, ufF7fuF'7L 5 – 5}g k|To]s dlxgf cfkm}n] /fd|/L 5fd]/ x]g]{ / km]nf
k/]df :jf:YosdL{;+u k/fdz{ lng] .
 lgoldt zf/Ll/s Jofofd ug]{, cgfjZos df]6f]kg 36fpg] .
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT:
( lj:t[t hfgsf/L sf] nfuL ;+ks{ 7]ufgf M)
MR. RAM SHARAN METHA (/fd z/0f d]xtf )
ASST. PROFESSOR (jL) kL) sf]O/fnf :jf) lj) k|lti7fg)
MEMBER SECRETORY
COLLEGE OF NURSING, MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING DEPARTMENT
PHONE NO: 025-525555 EXT. 2084, 2340,
Email: ramsharanmehta@yahoo.com