Micronutrient

1. u'0f:t/Lo ;'Gtnfhft v]tLdf ;'Id
tQjx?sf] k|of]u

2. kl/ro
g]kfndf ;'Gtnf v]tL k/fk"j{sfnb]vLg} ul/b} cfO/x]sf] kfOG5
. t/ h'gf/sf] Oltxf; kN6fO x]bf{ g]kfndf @%) aif{ eGbf
cuf8L /f0ff zfzg sfnb]vL ul/b} cfO/x]sf] eGg] kfOG5 .
;g ;Q/Lsf] bzzs;Dd ls;fgx?n] cfĝf] s/];faf/Ldf Ps b'O{
;'Gtnf vfgsf] nfuL nufpy] / To;k5L o; afnLn] cfyL{s :t/
psf:g] l:ytL cfpg yfn]k5L Joa;foLs v]tL ;'? ePsf] xf] .
;=g !(%& b]vL ;'? ePsf] lb3{sflng s[lif of]hgfn]
;Gtnfhft afnLnfO{ pRr d"No afnLsf] ?kdf lnO{ auFF}rf
lj:tf/df ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] o; v]ltn] g]kfnsf] dWokxf8L
s[if{sx?nfO{ /f]huf/ , kf]if0f ;'/Iff , cfyL{s l:ytLdf ;'wf/
Nofpg dxTjk'0f{ e'ldsf v]n]sf] 5 . K|flrg sfn b]vL g}
;'Gtnfhftsf] v]tL ub}{ cfP kgL xfn;Dd kgL o;sf]
u'0f:t/Lodf eg] cem} ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5}g . s[if{sx?sf] Wofg
a9L kmn kmnfpg] tk{m dfq cfs{if0f x'g], v]tL ug]{ t/Lsf
kf}/fl0fs ePsf] , e08f/0f ug]{ t/Lsf ;xL gePsf] x‘Fbf
u'0f:t/Lo ;'Gtnfv]tLdf ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5}g .

3. Uf'0f:t/Lo ;GnfafnL pTkfbg eGgfn] afnL nufPb]vL laleGg
/f]u , ls/fx?af6 arfO{, afnLnfO{ rfxLg] ;Dk0f{ vfBtTjsf]
Joa:yfkg ,l;FrfO{, sfF65f6F , plrt kmn l6Kg] ;do t/Lsf /
e08f/0f u/L u|fxs ;Dd k'of{pg' xf] .
;'Gtnfhft afnL bL3{sfnLg v]tL ePsf] x'bf o;nfO[{ kxLn]
b]vL g} of]hgf agfO{ n}hfg' kb{5 . Uf'0f:t/Lo
;'GtnfafnLdf ;d:of cfpgsf] d'Vo sf/0f eg]sf]g}] afnLdf x|f;
x'g' xf] . of] /f]u dfq geO{ ls/f vfBtTj ,df6f] ,xfjfkfgL
cfbLsf] sdLsf] ;ld>0f af6 >[hgf ePsf] h6Ln ;d:of xf] .
o;sf] lgoGq0f ug{ ;s]df u'0f:t/Lo ;GtnfafnLsf] ljsf; xG5 .
Uf'0f:t/Lo ;'GtnfafnLsf Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/fx? M—

4.  Uf'0f:t/Lo ;'GtnfafnLsf Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/fx? M—
s_ au}rf :yn 5gf]6
ufpF3/df a9fkfsfx?sf] egfO cg;f/ pt/ km{s]sf]
lxdfn b]Vg] ao}rfdf /;Lnf] u0f:t/Lo kmn kmN5 /
au}rfkgL l6sfp xG5 . Ef}uf]lns prfO[{ !))) b]vL !%))
ld6/sf hUuf 5gf]6 ug]{ . obL l;FrfO{ ;lawf 5 eg] bIfL0f
df]xf]8f ;a}eGbf a9L pko'Qm xG5 . AfuF}rf nufPk5L
jflif{s sfo{tfnLsf cg';f/ auF}rf Jaoj:yfkg ug{' k5{ .
v_ lj?jfsf] 5gf]6
u'0f:t/Lo ;Gtnf afnLsf] klxnf] kfO{nf dWo] :Jf:y Pjd
plrt lj?jf /f]Kg' xf] . k|fljlws bl[i6n] olb lj?jf /f]u d'Qm
5}g eg] au}Frfdf kmn l9nf] kmNg] ,sd u'0f:tsf kmn
pTkfbg lbg] / 5f]6f] cjlwdf au}Frf x|f; x'g] ;d:of cfOk5{
. lj?jf Ps dfq sf08 ePsf] h/fsf] ljsf; /fd|f] ;Fu ePsf] Ps jif{
b]vL b'O{ jif{sf] / !=% b]vL @=% lkm6 prfO{ ePsf] /
hft kxLrfg ePsf] hft nufpg' k5{ .

5. u_ au}rf /]vf+ªsg
auF}rf /]vfªsgn] u'0f:t/Lo ;'Gtnfhftndf dxTjk"0f{ e'ldsf
v]n]sf] x'G5 . Eff}uf]lns agfj6 cg';f/ au}Frf au}rf /]vfªsg lawL
kgL km/s kb{5 . obL nufpg] 7fFp ;Ddf] 5 eg] juf{sf/ t/Lsf /
le/fnf] eP ux|f sfNnf /]vfªsg t/Lsf ckgfO{G5 . au}rfsf] /]vfªsg
;sL;s] k5L # kmL6 b]vL !ld6/ ;Dd df6f]sf] cj:yf x]/L vf8n vgL
k|f+uf/Ls dn @ d'7L s[lif r'gf ldnfO{ vf8n vGbf lg:s]sf]
dflyNnf] efu df6f] tn / tnsf] dfyL kg]{ u/L vf8n k/L vf8nsf]
lardf lj?jf /f]Kg' k5{ .
3_ ;'Gtnf hft au}Frf Joj:yfkg k|ljlwM
3/af/L xf]; jf Joj;foLs au}Frf ;a} lsl;dsf au}Frfdf /fd|f] kmn
pTkfbgsf] nflu plrt :ofxf/–;Def/sf] cfjZostf kb{5 . afx| dlxgf,
Ct' cg';f/ df};ddf x'g] abnfj;Fu} la?jfsf] x/]s s[ofsnfkdf klg
kl/jt{g e}/x]sf] x'G5 . ;f]xL d'tfljs au}Frfdf ul/g] Joj:yfkg sfo{
klg km/s km/s x'G5 . o;dWo] dnvfb k|of]u, l;FrfO / tflnd–
sfF65fF6 clt dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ cGt{ut kb{5 .

6. dnvfb k|of]uM
au}Frf Joj:yfkgsf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ sfd dnvfbsf] k|of]u xf] .
la?jfsf] pd]/, cj:yf / l;hg cg';f/ dnvfb k|of]usf] tl/sfdf km/s
kb{5 . ;'Gtnf hft kmnkm"nsf] h/fsf] k|s[lt klg km/s ePsf]n]
dnvfb k|of]u ubf{ plrt tl/sf k'u]g eg] af]6n] lng ;Sb}g /
u0f:t/Lo kmnsf] ljsf;df sdL cfpF5 .
Aff]6sf
] pd]/
gfO{6«f]hg-
u|fd_
Kfm:kmf]/;-
u|fd_
kf]6f;-
u|fd_
! aif{ &% %) &%
@ –
#aif{
!))— !!) %)– &) !))– !%)
$–%
aif{
!!)– !#) &) –!)) !))– !%)
^–&
aif{
!#) –@)) !))– !%) !%)– @))
*–( aif{ @))– #)) !%) –@)) @))– @%)

7. tflnd tyf sfF65fF6M
c;n u'0f:t/ / pTkfbgzLn agfO{ /fVgsf] nflu Dfflg; tyf
hgfj/nfO{ h:t} af]6 la?jfnfO{ klg tflndsf] cfjZostf k5{ .
au}Frfdf la?jf nufPb]lv af]6sf] j[l4 cj:yf ;Dd tflnd / kmn
pTkfbg lng] clGtd jif{;Dd sfF65fF6sf] clt cfjZos k5{ .
jif]{gL sfF65fF6 ul/Pg eg] af]6sf] pTkfbgzLn Ifdtf / kmnsf]
u'0f:t/df x|f; cfpF5 . af]6nfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ lglZrt cfsf/ lbg
tflnd lbO{G5 .
af]6n] wfGg ;Sg] / u'0f:t/sf] kmn kmnfpg cgfjZos xfFuf
x6fpg] k|ljlwnfO{ sfF65fF6 elgG5 .
sfF65fF6 ubf{ oL xfFufx?nfO{ x6fpg' k5{ .
!_clt afSnf Pj+ Pscfk;df hf]l8Psf xfFufx? .
@_nfl5Psf tyf nlqPsf xfFufx? .
#_ /f]u tyf sL/fn] clt u|:t kf/]sf xfFufx? .
$_ Kfmn kmn]/ yfs]sf xfFufx? .
%_ Kfmn gkmNg] rf]/ xfFufx? .

8. l;FrfO{sf] Jo:yfkg
;'Gtnf au}Frfdf l;FrfO ug]{ ;do tn lbO{Psf] 5M–
• ;'Gtnf au}Frfdf vf; u/L l;FrfO ug]{ ;do eg]sf] kmn l6kfO{
kl5 sfF65fF6 ug]{, dnvfb lbg] / ljiffbL 5g]{ sfo{ ;dfKt eP
kZrft xf] .
• kfn'jf cfpg] ;dodf kfn'jf / km"nsf] sf]lknf klg ;fy} cfpg]
ePsf]n] o; ;dodf klg l;FrfO ug'{k5{ .
• km"n km'nL kmn ;]6 eO{ j[l4 x'g]] j}zfv–h]7 dlxgfdf kmn
s]/fp bfgf / u'Rrf cfsf/df k'Ug] cj:yfdf a9L kfgLsf] cfjZos
kg]{ ePsf]n] o; ;dodf l;FrfOsf] clt cfjZos k5{ .
• l;FrfOsf] ;'lawf gePsf] v08df ltvf{sf] af]6nfO{ ;kmf kfgL
:k]| u/]df klg la?jfn] kftaf6 kfgL ;f];]/ lnO{ ltvf{ d]65 .
To;}n] l;FrfO ug]{ ;do eg]sf] k';b]lv ;'? eO{ h]7;Ddsf] cjlw
xf] .
• efb| clGtdb]lv ;'Gtnf kmn kl/kSs x'g], /; el/g] / af]qmfsf]
/Ë ljsf; x'g] ePsf]n] o; cjlwdf df6f]df xNsf lr:ofg dfq eP
k'Ub5 . olb o; cjlwdf df6f]df lr:ofg a9L eof] eg] kmndf

9. /f]u tyf sL/f lgoGq0f
;'Gtnfhft afnLdf aifL{g] laleGg /f]u tyf ls/fx?n] kmn /
af]6sf] u'0f:t/nfO{ xfgL kof{Psf 5g . laleGg /f]ux? Hf:t}
km]b slxg] , h/f slxg] , v/fg] /f]u , bfb] /f]u , sfnf] Wjf;]
/f]u , ub lg:sg] /f]u , Sofªs/ , l;6«; lu|lgª, vl6/] /f]u , /
ls/fx? h:t} kmn sxfpg] lemFuf l;6«; l;Nnf , sfnf] nfxL ,
kftdf ;?Ë vGg] ls/f , lgnf] vk6], lgdf6f]8 cfbLn] afnL
pTkfbg tyf e08f/0fsf] u0f:t/Lodf IftL k'of{Psf 5g
.logLx?nfO{ ;s];Dd 3/]n' pkrf/ gq sd vt/f ePsf] ljiffbLsf]
k|of]u u/L gLoGq0f ug{' k5{ .

10. Kfmn l6Kg] plrt ;do / t/Lsf
Psk6s kmn l6lk;s]k5L o;sf] u0f:tdf ;wf/ gcfpg] ePsf]n] plt
;do / t/Lsf ckgfpg kb{5. ef}uf]lnsf cj:yf tyf hftx? x]/]/
k/LkStf cfpg] ;do km/s xg ;S5 . plrt ;dodf kmn l6Kgfn]
pTkfbg k5L xg] IftL sd xG5 / kmnsf] u0f:t/ klg sfod
/xG5 . kmn l6Kg] plrt ;do o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 .
 Kfmnsf] af]qmf &% – *) Ü ePsf]
 lapsf] /ª xl/of] af6 v}/f] ePsf]
 kmndf h;sf] dfqf %)Ü ePsf
 ulnof] kgsf] dfqf slDtdf (=% ePsf] /
 lrgL / cldnf]sf] !) !@ ePsf] .
obL kmn l6Kg] t/Lsf unt eof] eg] kmn slxP/ lau|Lg]
;Defjgf xG5 . K kmn l6lk;s]k5L To;sf] u0f:t/ nfO{{ sfod
/fVg lgDgcg;f/ sfo{ ugkb{5 .

11.  kmn lbgsf] !) ah] b]vL $ ah] ;Dd l6Kg kb{5 . / l;t k/]sf]
rsf]{ 3fd nfu]sf] a]nfdf / leh]sf] kmn l6Kg xb}g .
 kmn l6Kbf s}rL k|of]u ug{ kb{5 . / yf]/} e]6g kmndf
5f]8g kb{5 .
 Af]f6 tyf xfFuf xNnfP/ kmn e'OFdf emfbf{ rf]6k6s
nfufL pTkfbgk/fGtsf] u0f:t/df IftL a9L xG5 .
 kmn l6Kgf ;fy l;tn 7fpFdf /fv]/ Aofu jf af:s]6df ;fjwfgL
?kdf /fVg' k5{ .
]

12. u'0f:t/Lo ;'GtnfafnLdf ;'Id vfB tTjsf]
of]ubfg
• k|fªul/s dn , /f;folgs dn h:t} ;'Id vfB tTjn] ;GtnfafnLdf
dxTjk'0f{ of]ubfg v]n]sf] x'G5 .
• af]6n] ;'Id vfB tTjx? sd dfqfdf vf]Hb5 / o;nfO{ oL tTjx?
geO{klg x'bF}g .
• af]6sf] a[l2 lasf; ,kmn nfUg] , /f]u sL/fx? ;Fu n8g] Ifdtf
a9fpg], pTkfbg a9fpg], ;'Vvfkg ;xg], OToflbdf e'ldsf
v]n]sf] x'G5 .
• w}/}h;f] ls;fgx?n] /f;folgs / k|fªufl/s dndf hf]8 lbg] / ;'Id
vfB tTjnfO{ j]jf:yf ubf{ afnLdf xf|; xG5 / u'0f:t/Lo
pTkfbgdf c;/ ub{5 . Dff6f]df o;sf] dfqf sd x'g;fy af]6n]
nIf0f b]vfpg ;'? ub{5 .
• Dff6f]sf] hfFr u/fO{ tf]lsPcg';f/ l;kmfl/; dfqfdf xfNg'k5{ .
cGoyf af]6nfO{ lazfbL klg x'g k'U5 .
;Id vfB tTj xfNg] ljlw / ;doM– ;'Id vfB tTj af]6df kmn
l6lk;s]kl5 sFf65Ff6 u/L k'; df3df dnvfb /flv;s]kl5 a}zfv
h]i7df s]/fp bfgf kf/ ul/;s]kl5 xflnG5 / kft pd]/ gofF /
d'gfx? slnnf] x'g'k5{ . o;nfO{ af]6n] kftaf6 ;lhn} lng ;Sg]

13. ;'Id vfB tTjx? dfqf -u|fd_
hLÍ ;Nkm]6 !))
sk/ ;Nkm]6 ^)
DofUg]l;od ;Nkm]6 $)
Kfm]/; ;Nkm]6 $)
DofËflgh ;Nkm]6 $)
r'gf !*)
•@) nL= kfgLdf lgDg adf]lhd l;kml/; ul/Psf] dfqfdf ;'Id
vfB tTjx? xfNg'k5{ .

14. ;'Id vfB tTjsf] sdLsf nIf0fx?
lh+s
o;sf] sdL x'Fbf ;'?sf] cj:yfdf kftsf] xl/of] gzfsf] aLrdf ;–
;fgf kx]+nf l5s]{lds]{ wAafx? b]lvG5g . kl5 o;sf]
sdLsf] c;/ a9b} hfFbf kftsf] gzfsf 5]psf s]xL xl/of
efunfO{ 5f]8]/ k"/} efu kx]+nf] b]lvG5 .

15. Kfmnfd
o;sf] sldsf] nIf0f klxnf gFof kftdf b]lvG5, kft lgs} pHofnf]
kx]nf] / slxn] sfFxL ;]tf] g} x'g] t/ kftsf] g;f xl/of] g} /xG5 .
o;sf] cToflws sld ePdf kftsf] cfsf/ ;fgf] x'g], kmn sd nfUg]
.af]s|f kftnf] x'G5 .

16. af]/f]g
u'0f:t/Lo kmn pTkfbg ug{ o;sf] dxTjk0f eldsf /x]sf]
xG5 . o;sf] sdL ePdf gFof kftdf nIf0f b]lvG5 .
Kfmnsf] af]qmf s8f xg] .u'bL sd nfUg], s8f x'g] ,kmn
rls{g] , /;sf] dfqf sd xg] , / cToflws emg]{ xG5 .

17. ;Nkm/
o;n] k|f]l6g tyf xl/ts0f agfpg d2t ub5{ . o;sf] sdL ePdf
gFof kfnjfdf Psgf;n] kx]lng], a]cfsf/sf] kmn nfUg] ,
af]qmf afSnf] x'g] h:tf nIf0f b]lvG5g .

18. DofË]lgh
o;n] af]6 lj?jfdf k|sfz ;+n]if0f ug{, k|f]l6g agfpg , /
kmnsf] u'0f:tLo sfod ug{ d2t u5{ . o;sf] sdL ePdf
gofF kftdf nIf0f b]lvG5 . Kfftdf uf9f xl/of] g;f / c?
efux? pHofnf] xl/of] b]lvG5 .

19. SoflN;od
h/fsf] a[lb ljsf;df o;sf] dVo eldsf /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] sld ePdf kft
;fgf] x'g] / afSnf] xg] .kftdf 6'Kkfb]lv eL cfsf/df xl/of] :j?k
b]lvG5 / aflsF efu kxF]nf] xg] kmn a]cfsf/sf] xg] h:tf
nIf0fx? b]lvG5g .

20. DofUg]l;od
o;n] xl/ts0f aGg] sfddf ;xof]u u5{ .DofUg]l;odsf]
sdL eof] eg] l5lKkPsf] kftsf] km]blt/ d'Vo gzf /
kftsf] lsgf/ aLrdf xl/of–kx]+nf wAafx? b]lvG5g .
of] ;d:of a9b} hfFbf kl5 kftsf] 6'Kkf] / km]blt/ dfq
xl/of] /xG5 / o;n] c+u]|hL “eL” cfsf/ agfpF5 / kftsf]
/Ë xNsf sfF;sf] h:tf] b]lvG5 .

21. df6f]sf] lk=Pr / s[lif r'g
 ;'Gtnfhft afnL v]tLsf] nflu df6f]sf] lk=Pr %=% b]vL
^=%;Dd ePsf] /fd|f] dflGfG5 / u'0f:t/Lo afnLdf o;sf]
dxTjk0f{ eldsf x'G5 .
 Dff6f]sf] lk=Pr % eGbf sd ePdf cn'dlgod / DofË]hsf]
dfqf al9 eO{ af]6nfO{ laiffn x'G5 . / SoflN;od ,
km:kmf]/;, DofUg]l;od . Df]lnA8]ggd h:tf vf2tTjx?sf]
sldsf] nIf0f b]vf kb{5 .
 R'fg –-nfO{d:6f]g, 8f]nf]dfO6_ sf] k|of]un] df6f]sf]
cldNonfO{ sd u/fpF5 / af]6nfO{ df6f]af6 vf2 tTjx?
lng d2t ub{5 .
 % b]vL !) u|fd r'g k|lt af]6sf] b/n] kmn l6lk;s]k5L
df6f]df ld;fpg' k5{ ,t/ r'g / /f;folgs dn Ps}k6s ld;fP/
5g'{ x'‘Fb}g .
 /f;folgs dn r'g k|of]u u/]sf] Ps dlxgfkl5 k|of]u ug{k5{
/ df6f]sf] lgoldk hfFr u/]/ dfq rgsf] k|of]u ug{k5{ .

22. wGojfb‼‼