Coefficient of Thermal Expansion and their Importance.pptx
Chapter 1.pptx
1. Function Analysis System Technique (F.A.S.T.) Diagrams
• Charles Bytheway in 1964
• Fast diagrams are function oriented not time based.
• Fast diagrams allows people to integrate from different background to discuss and resolve the issue.
• Fast diagram is not the end product or result.
3. Outline
- Definitions
- What is a F.A.S.T. diagram
- Examples
- Conclusions / Wrapping up
- Appendix: useful verbs/nouns for FAST diagrams
- Appendix: Typical examples
4. What is a “Function”?
Function: a two-word phrase formed of an active verb and
a measurable noun
Active Verb:
Describes the specific action we plan to carry out to achieve our intended purpose
Measurable Noun:
Defines the object onto which the action operates
NOTE: Any Verb and Noun may be combined to describe a Function
5. What is the “Function” of this device?
• Lift car
• Hold car
• Lower car
• Turn lug nuts
• Hold stem
“Activities”
OR
• Raise load
• Hold load
• Lower load
• Apply torque
• Distribute load
“Functions”
6. Use Active Verbs Rather Than Passive Verbs
To change passive description to active, try using the noun as the
verb and then select another noun
Passive Active
Provide Support Support Weight
Seek Approval Approve Procedures
Develop Exhibits Exhibit Products
Submit Budget Budget Expenses
Determine Resolution Resolve Problem
Functions are intended to be taken literally . . .
as we attempt to BRING CLARITY . . .
in describing WHAT a system actually does
Examples
7. Passive and Indirect Verbs
Goal-Like Verbs
Provide Give Is
Supply Furnish Prepare
Review Attend
Improve “-ize” words Optimize
Least Maximize Prioritize
Present Minimize Customize
Economize
Verbs to Avoid
8. What is the “Function” of this device?
(Spare Tyre)
9. What is the “Function” of this device?
(Tote box)
(Hint)
10. Construct FAST Diagram Left to Right,
and Check it Right to Left
ProcessofConstruction:
1. Identify(whatyoufeel is) theBasicFunction.
2.Ask:“HowisthisFunctionactuallyaccomplished?”
&placeSecondaryFunctionstotherightofBasicFunction.
3.ChecktheFASTdiagrambystartingattherightandworkingleft
Ask: “Whymust thisFunctionbeperformed?”
Secondary Function
Secondary Function
Secondary Function
Ask How?
AND logic
OR logic
Ask Why?
Secondary Function
Secondary Function
Basic Function
FAST Diagrams: prioritize
functions of the product &
consider functional needs
that should be satisfied
17. Why think in terms of Functions?
“IF I CAN’T GET THE PRODUCT, I’VE GOT TO GET THE FUNCTION.”
Lawrence D. Miles (l904-1985)
Clarifies intent/purpose
Helps to achieve consensus
Broadens individual/group viewpoint(s)
Aids decision-making
Can help to save money!
De-personalizes the conversation
Minimizes emotion
“In the search for, and selection of, alternatives, attention must be constantly focused on function and
not on a material, part, or device as such.”
“Techniques of Value Analysis and Engineering”
Lawrence D. Miles, 1961, McGraw-Hill, NY
18. Four Rules of Function Definition
Once defined, the Basic Function does not change (becomes the principle work a system does)
Example: flashlight is expected to emit light
Cost contribution of a Basic Function is a minimal percentage of total system cost
Can not sell supporting Secondary Functions without performing Basic Function satisfactorily
Loss of Basic Function(s) results in total loss of market value
Example: Rolex watch that does not display correct time
19. A FAST Diagram is NOT a Flowchart
Flowchart is a graphical representation of:
• Flow of Logic or Control Data through a program, routine, module or process
• Documents the order in which tasks are performed
FAST Diagram is a "functional structure" representation of a technical system early in
the design process
• Functions expressed as: Active Verb + Measurable Noun
• Follows House of Quality and before Solution Selection
• Generic representation independent of any specific implementation
20. Wrapping up
At the end of this session I should be able to:
- Describe what a “Function” is
- Use active verbs and measurable nouns to form “Functions”
- Differentiate “Functions” from “Activities”
- Describe what a F.A.S.T. diagram is
- Describe what the purpose of a F.A.S.T. diagram is
- Read a F.A.S.T. diagram
- Prepare simple F.A.S.T. diagrams for devices / services
- Describe the advantages of using “Functions”
- Describe the “Four rules” of “Function” definition
- Differentiate a F.A.S.T. diagram from a flowchart
22. A assure compress delay enclose
accelerate attract conduct delegate encourage
accept authorize confirm deliver engender
achieve award connect demonstrate enhance
acquire B conserve design ensure
actuate blend consolidate determine equalize
add broaden construct develop establish
adjust build consult diagnose estimate
administer C contain direct evaluate
advise calibrate contaminate discharge exchange
aid certify continue dispense excludes
alert challenge contract disperse exercise
align change control display exhaust
allocate channel convert disseminate expand
allot charge convince dissipate expedite
allow circulate cool distribute explore
alter clarify coordinate document extend
analyze classify correct E F
apply clean cost edit fabricate
approve close cover educate facilitate
arouse collect create effect fail
assemble comfort D eject farm
assess communicate decorate eliminate fill
assign compare decrease employ find
assist complete define empty flow
Function
Verbs
23. Function
Verbs
forecast initiate monitor request
form install motivate resist
foster integrate mount prescribe resolve
fulfill interpret move prevent restore
investigate multiply prime retain
G involve N process reuse
gage isolate negotiate procure reward
gather J nurture produce rotate
generate join O project S
get L observe promote satisfy
group latch obtain protect save
guide lease occupy R schedule
H limit offer raise scrap
highlight load open receive seal
hold locate operate recognize secure
I M order recommend seek
identify maintain organize reconcile select
illustrate make P redirect sell
implement manage package educe sense
Increase mandate partition reflect separate
indicate manufacture perform regulate serve
indoctrinate market permit release service
influence match plan remove set
inform moderate position repair settle
modify pour replace share
24. Function
Verbs
forecast initiate monitor request show transfer
form install motivate resist signal transmit
foster integrate mount prescribe resolve socialize transport
fulfill interpret move prevent restore solicit U
investigate multiply prime retain solve understand
G involve N process reuse space update
gage isolate negotiate procure reward specify use
gather J nurture produce rotate speed utilize
generate join O project S spray V
get L observe promote satisfy staff validate
group latch obtain protect save stimulate vary
guide lease occupy R schedule store verify
H limit offer raise scrap stow visit
highlight load open receive seal study W
hold locate operate recognize secure summarize welcome
I M order recommend seek
support worship
identify maintain organize reconcile select
illustrate make P redirect sell
T
implement manage package educe sense
teach
Increase mandate partition reflect separate
terminate
indicate manufacture perform regulate serve
test
indoctrinate market permit release service
track
influence match plan remove set
train
inform moderate position repair settle
transcribe
modify pour replace share
25. Function
Nouns
A attire competence creativity duplication
acceptability attitudes compliance criteria E
access authority component current efficiency
accountability awareness concept customer effort
accuracy C concern D electrons
achievement campaign concurrence damage elements
action capabilities condition data emissions
activates casting confession dealer emotions
adjustment catalog confidence decision empathy
administration change conflict deflection energy
affection checklist conformance demand enthusiasm
agencies children construction design entry
agreement circuit contact details environment
air claim contamination development equipment
alignment classes contents deviancy errors
alternatives clearance contingencies deviation event
appearance client contractor differences expectations
approach climate contracts differential expenditures
area comfort contrast dimension experience
arrival commitment convenience direction F
assembly committees cope dirt facility
assets community core distorts failure
associates companionship corrosion distribution feasibility
assumptions comparison cost downtime feedback
attention compartment council drag fellowship
26. Function
Nouns
financing healing L method others
flask health labor mixture owners
flexibility heat lagoon model P
float heater land moisture pace
flow history launch mold package
fluid hope law motion participation
force I layout motor parts
forecast idea level movement passage
freedom identification liability passenger
friction illumination liaison N path
friendship image life need patient
fumes impact light noise pattern
funds impression line notion payment
G impurities liturgy O people
gas incentive load objectives performance
goals income location obligation personnel
God information luster offer piece
good injury M opening plan
goods interest management operation policies
growth interface manpower operator pool
guidance inventory market opinion potential
guidelines Investment material opportunity power
H iron maturation option prerogative
habits J measurement order pressure
haven justice merchandise organization price
27. Function
Nouns
financing healing
L
method others
flask health labor mixture owners
flexibility heat lagoon model P
float heater land moisture pace
flow history launch mold package
fluid hope law motion participation
force I layout motor parts
forecast idea level movement passage
freedom identification liability passenger
friction illumination liaison N path
friendship image life need patient
fumes impact light noise pattern
funds impr ssion line notion payment
G impurities liturgy O people
gas incentive load objectives performance
goals inco e location obligation personnel
God infor ation luster offer piece
good injury M opening plan
goods interest management operation policies
growth interface manpower operator pool
guidance inventory market opinion potential
guidelines Investment material opportunity power
H iron maturation option prerogative
habits J measurem nt order pressure
haven justi e merchandise organization price
School of Mechanical, Aerospace &
Automotive Engineering
principles records shaker systems vehicle
priorities relations shock T vendor
privacy relationship signal team vibration
problem repair skill teamwork views
procedure report solace temperature visibility
process requests solids tenant volume
product requirements sounds terms volunteers
production resources sources test W
profit respect space thought warranty
program responsibility specialists time waste
progress restrictions specifications timing water
projection results stability torque wear
property e rigidity staff tour weight
proposal risk standards tradition work
prospect rotation stewardship traffic workload
public m rules strangers travel writers
Q. mrunout stress treatment
quality S structure trust
R. safely students U
rating sales success understanding
reach sand suggestions unique
recipe satisfaction suppliers user
recognition scriptures supply utilities
records series e surface V
recommendation c service surplus vacuum
28. More Useful Verbs in Describing Functions
Add Display Maintain Sense
Analyze Distribute Measure Separate
Arrange Eliminate Obtain Start
Attach Evaluate Position Store
Create Expand Prevent Support
Collect Extend Protect Test
Combine Freeze Recommend Transmit
Confirm Harden Record Transport
Contain Heat Reduce Use
Conduct Implement Remove Verify
Control Increase Resist
Convert Insulate Retain
Cool Invert Reverse
Destroy Isolate Rotate
Develop Locate Select
29. More Useful Nouns in Describing Functions
Air Fluid Noise Time
Area Force Opening Torque
Assembly Frequency Pressure Vehicle
Atmosphere Friction Protection Vibration
Cold Gas Resistance Volume
Color Heat Resistance Voltage
Comfort Humidity Rotation Waste
Communication Indication Shape Water
Component Information Size Wear
Current Length Solid Weight
Distance Material Sound
Enclosure Mixture Space
Energy Mobility Stress
Environment Moisture Temperature
Expansion Motion Texture
30. Example: International Ice Patrol
Send
Iceberg
Warnings
Transmit
Radio
Messages
Compile
Messages
Locate
Icebergs
Predict
Iceberg
Position
Purchase
Sensors
Hire
Operators
Move
Operators
Move
Sensors
Receive
Ship Data
Collect
Data
Predict Ice
Drift
Operate
Radio
Establish
Station
Ask How?
Ask Why?
• Formed in 1913
(result of Titanic sinking - 12Apr1012)
• Iceberg condition data collected by
• Fixed wing aircraft
• Buoys
•Report warnings at 9pm each day in
“plain, concise English” during ice season
from February thru July.
31. Ask Why ?
Locate
Sheet
Pierce Sheet
Adjust
Holes
Collect Waste
Attract User
Prohibit Rust
Protect Work Surface
Drop Holes
Collect Holes
Locate PunchAssembly
Retract Punch
Guide Punch
Drive Punch
Support Sheet
Paper Punch
Example:
Produce
Holes
Basic
Function
Ask How ?
Scope
Organize
Paper
Task
Decorate Surface
32. Mapping of Voice Of Customer to Functions
Example: Paper Punch
Locate Sheet
• Easy to insert
• Stays in place
Pierce Sheet
• Easy to press
• Won’t hurt hand
• Pierce multiple sheets
• Non-jamming
Adjust Hole (location)
• Easy access to assembly
• Easy to position
• Finger tight
• Stays in place
Collect Waste
• Holds large quantity of
holes
• Holes won’t fall out
• Easy to clean
Produce
Holes
35. DigitalAnswering Machine
FAST Diagram
Detect Rings Connect Line
Answer Phone Detect Dial-tone Disconnect Line
Receive Messages Store Messages Record Audio Digitize Signal
Basic Function Secondary Functions
Store Date/time
Volume Control Amplify Audio
Playback Messages Convert Message Retrieve Message
Display Date/time Retrieve Date/time
Case
DigitalAnswering Machine
