1. Approaches, Methods
and Techniques
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2. APPROACH
METHOD
TECHNIQUE

3. Direct/ Expositive Instruction
Approach
A way of teaching which is aimed
at helping students acquire some
basic skills and “procedural
knowledge”. It is straight forward and
is done in a step – by step manner.
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4. Steps
1. Provide rationale
2. Demonstrate the skill
3. Provide guided practice
4. Check for understanding
5. Provide extended practice and
transfer
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5. Constructivist Approach
Anchored on the belief that
every individual constructs and
reconstructs meanings depending
on past experiences which are
evaluated with an end of
reconstructing meanings.
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6. Suggested steps
1. Review/ recall
2. Posing problems, Asking questions
3. Reflection
4. Critical thinking activities
5. Independent practice
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7. Cooperative Learning
Approach
Makes use of classroom
activities which allow students to
work in groups or teams to help
each other learn.
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8. Reflective Thinking Approach
Anchored on the ability of the
teacher to guide students to reflect
on their own experiences I order to
arrive at new understandings and
meanings.
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9. Some strategies
1. Self – analysis
2. Journal Writing
3. Portfolio / Scrap booking
4. Asking Questions
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10. Other Methods & Techniques
Lecture Method
1.Component technique
2.Relevance technique
3.Outlining technique
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11. Discussion Method
• Small Group Discussion
Technique
• Socialized Classroom Discussion
Technique
• Panel Discussion Technique
• Direct Instruction Technique
• Recitation Technique

12. Reporting Method
• Unit or Morrison Technique
• Individual or Group Technique
• Reading or Story Telling
Technique
• Schematic Technique
• Symposium

13. Demonstration Method
• Teacher – Directed Technique
• Student – Directed Technique
• Teacher – Student Directed
Technique
• Resource Speaker – Directed
Technique

14. Activity Method
• Project Technique
• Field Trip Technique
• Brainstorming Technique
• Debate Technique
• Dramatization Technique
• Role – Playing Technique
• Simulation - Game Technique

15. Investigatory Method
1.Laboratory Technique
2.Research Technique
3.Field Study Technique
4.Experimenting Technique
5.Problem – Solving Technique
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16. Self – Pacing Method
1.Programmed Instruction
2.Modular Learning
3.Correspondence Courses
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17. Cooperative Learning
Techniques
1.Popcorn Topics
2.Fish Bowl/ Inside-Outside Circle
3.Jigsaw
4.Three – Step Interview
5.Pairs Check
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18. Integrated Method
1.Lecture – Discussion
2.Demonstration – Lecture
3.Film – Showing Discussion
4.Reporting - Discussion
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19. Unified Approach
Knowledge should be
presented as a whole and not
a fragmented bits.
Previous learning should be
reinforced.
Knowledge should be
expanded.
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20. Unified Approach
A way to treat relationships
that exist among the significant
components making up a given
body of knowledge.
Features
• Highly cognitive
• Leads to insightful learning
• Holistic treatment of
knowledge (cause – effect)
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21. Unified Approach
Illustration
Society
A group of people Culture
sharing a common Every individual’s behavior
creates a so called
It is made up of
Social Status
Social Institutions
Socialization Social Roles
Socialization to adopt
the same
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