Thermostable polymerases are isolated from microorganisms that inhabit environments such as hot springs. absolutely essential in order for PCR to work. replaced between every PCR cycle. advantageous compared to ‘regular’ polymerases because they do not require dNTPs in order to function. used to 3-D print custom strands of DNA. A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide. a change that allows PCR to function. a change in the number of copies at a VNTR locus. a change in a visible phenotype. A genetic marker is a pen used to write on X-Ray film. always associated with a visible phenotype. any location in the genome with more than one allele in a population. a PCR primer location. any repeated sequence in the genome. Non-twin human siblings do not (normally) look like identical twins. Which of the following processes is most responsible for the differences in appearance? Independent assortment of chromosomes. Unequal crossing over at VNTR loci. The production of brand-new alleles by mutation. Descent with modification. Environmental impacts on early development. Solution 1. A point mutation is change in single nucleotide. A point mutation, or single base modification, is a type of mutation that causes a single nucleotide base substitution, insertion, or deletion of the genetic material, DNA or RNA 2. A genetic marker is any repeated sequence in the genome. A genetic marker may be a short DNA sequence, such as a sequence surrounding a single base-pair change (single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP), or a long one, like minisatellites.e.g VNTR and SNP. 3. Non-twin human siblings do not (normally) look like identical twins . because of independent assortment of chromosome. There\'s a process called meiotic recombination that mixes up the chromosomes, so it would be rare that you would receive a chromosome identical to that of any of my grandparents. This process also makes it even more unlikely that two siblings would receive the exact same combination of chromosomes from their parents..