Distinguish between cell fate and cell commitment. How can one assay these aspects of cellular phenotype by experimental embryology? Solution Cell fate--It means the development of the cell into an embryo and the events which govern the development of the egg cell throught the process of embryogenesis.The factors which determine the cell fate include cell signaling pathways like notch pathway etc, regulation and control by pathways like mRNA,siRNA inside the cell,development of different cavity inside the embryo, development of ectoderm,mesoderm and endoderm, and the regulation of cell fate determination by release of various controlling hormones. cell commitment--it involves the orientation and decision by the cell to undergo differentiation and follow a particular developmental pathway.It involves the release of various growth promoting factors by stem cells which lead to the differentiation of stem cells into mature cells by triggering and activating a particular organ development pathway example--blood cells. There are several aspects of determination of the cellular phenotype by experimental embryology----1)sex determination pathways in insects and dosage compensation 2)regulation of different genes in different climates,temperature, and background environment determines the activation and inhibition of development genes in caterpillar larvae of insects3) the division of fertilized egg into morula, blastula, gastrula ,and development of different layers by cell regulatory protein factors 4)role of cell adhesion protein molecules during cell differentiation pathway 5)development of cell symmetry and asymmetry of the insects 6)development of embryo cavity and germline layers of development after fertilization 6)development of cells to tissues to organs with the help of secreting chemicals, protein factors and hormones which activate the differentiation pathway..

1. Distinguish between cell fate and cell commitment. How can one assay these aspects of cellular
phenotype by experimental embryology?
Solution
Cell fate--It means the development of the cell into an embryo and the events which govern the
development of the egg cell throught the process of embryogenesis.The factors which determine
the cell fate include cell signaling pathways like notch pathway etc, regulation and control by
pathways like mRNA,siRNA inside the cell,development of different cavity inside the embryo,
development of ectoderm,mesoderm and endoderm, and the regulation of cell fate determination
by release of various controlling hormones.
cell commitment--it involves the orientation and decision by the cell to undergo differentiation
and follow a particular developmental pathway.It involves the release of various growth
promoting factors by stem cells which lead to the differentiation of stem cells into mature cells
by triggering and activating a particular organ development pathway example--blood cells.
There are several aspects of determination of the cellular phenotype by experimental
embryology----1)sex determination pathways in insects and dosage compensation 2)regulation of
different genes in different climates,temperature, and background environment determines the
activation and inhibition of development genes in caterpillar larvae of insects3) the division of
fertilized egg into morula, blastula, gastrula ,and development of different layers by cell
regulatory protein factors 4)role of cell adhesion protein molecules during cell differentiation
pathway 5)development of cell symmetry and asymmetry of the insects 6)development of
embryo cavity and germline layers of development after fertilization 6)development of cells to
tissues to organs with the help of secreting chemicals, protein factors and hormones which
activate the differentiation pathway.