Theoretical & conceptual framework
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The document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks. It defines a theoretical framework as providing context and rationale for examining problems by developing hypotheses and guiding research design and interpretation. A conceptual framework outlines possible approaches to an idea. The document provides guidance on developing frameworks, including selecting concepts, identifying relationships between concepts, defining concepts, and formulating the theoretical rationale. Frameworks can be descriptive, explanatory, or predictive. The document also discusses critiquing frameworks and the contribution of nursing frameworks to research.
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Chapter 6-THEORETICAL & CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
This document defines key terms related to theoretical and conceptual frameworks, including concepts, constructs, variables, conceptual framework, and theoretical framework. It explains that a conceptual framework consists of concepts and proposed relationships between concepts, while a theoretical framework is based on existing theories. The purposes of conceptual and theoretical frameworks are to clarify concepts, propose relationships between concepts, provide context for interpreting findings, and stimulate further research and theory development.
Conceptual and theoretical framework
This document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks. It defines a theoretical framework as providing rationale for relationships between variables in a research study, analogous to the frame of a house. A conceptual framework outlines courses of action or preferred approaches. The document describes developing frameworks by selecting concepts and relationships, and defining concepts operationally. Frameworks guide entire research studies by informing hypotheses, observations, designs, and interpretations. Theories can be descriptive, explanatory, or predictive and are tested through different research types. Nursing frameworks contribute unique perspectives on persons, environments, health, and nursing. Frameworks should be clearly identified and defined, with logical relationships supported by literature.
Conceptual Framework in Qualitative Research
The document discusses conceptual frameworks, including what they are, how they should be structured, and their purposes. It defines a conceptual framework as a visual or narrative explanation of the key variables or concepts in a study and their relationships. It notes conceptual frameworks should identify relevant variables, define concepts, outline relationships between inputs and outputs, and help explain answers to research questions. The document provides steps for developing a conceptual framework, including identifying concepts, defining and operationalizing them, and showing relationships between variables. It includes an example conceptual framework on women's autonomy in household decision making.
Conceptual framework
The document defines and discusses conceptual frameworks. It notes that a conceptual framework 1) explains graphically or in narrative form the key factors, concepts or variables in what is being studied and the relationships between them, 2) represents a way of thinking about a problem or study, and 3) sets the stage for presenting a research question based on a problem statement. A conceptual framework identifies relevant variables, defines them, and shows tentative relationships between dependent and independent variables. It can take the form of equations, diagrams, or descriptions. The development of a conceptual framework is an iterative process that is revisited and revised throughout a research study.
Theoretical Framework
The document discusses theoretical frameworks for research. It provides information on several theories that could be used as the basis for a study, including organizational theory, performance theory, and theories on governance, collective action, and service delivery. It emphasizes that the theoretical framework introduces and describes the theory that explains the research problem and will guide hypotheses, variable selection, and data analysis. The theoretical framework strengthens a study by allowing critical evaluation, connecting to existing knowledge, explaining phenomena, and identifying limits of generalizations.
Theoretical and conceptual framework
The document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks. It defines a theoretical framework as providing context and rationale for relationships between variables in a research study. A theoretical framework guides the research process by informing hypothesis development and the interpretation of observations. It also defines a conceptual framework as representing relationships between concepts through logical structure, which can be used to clarify concepts when existing theory is insufficient. Both theoretical and conceptual frameworks are important for guiding research design and interpreting findings.
Research Instrumentation
Instrumentation involves constructing research tools like questionnaires, interviews, and observations to gather study data. Questionnaires contain questions to obtain facts and can be open-ended, allowing free responses, or fixed alternative, limiting answers to options. When creating a questionnaire, researchers review literature, draft questions, test the questionnaire, and include instructions, guarantees of confidentiality, and contact information.
Writing a conceptual framework
The document discusses conceptual frameworks and how they are formulated for research studies. It provides guidelines for writing qualitative and quantitative research questions and hypotheses. It also discusses how to incorporate theories and place them within research studies. Mixed methods approaches are also covered, including different ways to write research questions and hypotheses for mixed methods designs.
Recommended
Chapter 6-THEORETICAL & CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
This document defines key terms related to theoretical and conceptual frameworks, including concepts, constructs, variables, conceptual framework, and theoretical framework. It explains that a conceptual framework consists of concepts and proposed relationships between concepts, while a theoretical framework is based on existing theories. The purposes of conceptual and theoretical frameworks are to clarify concepts, propose relationships between concepts, provide context for interpreting findings, and stimulate further research and theory development.
Conceptual and theoretical framework
This document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks. It defines a theoretical framework as providing rationale for relationships between variables in a research study, analogous to the frame of a house. A conceptual framework outlines courses of action or preferred approaches. The document describes developing frameworks by selecting concepts and relationships, and defining concepts operationally. Frameworks guide entire research studies by informing hypotheses, observations, designs, and interpretations. Theories can be descriptive, explanatory, or predictive and are tested through different research types. Nursing frameworks contribute unique perspectives on persons, environments, health, and nursing. Frameworks should be clearly identified and defined, with logical relationships supported by literature.
Conceptual Framework in Qualitative Research
The document discusses conceptual frameworks, including what they are, how they should be structured, and their purposes. It defines a conceptual framework as a visual or narrative explanation of the key variables or concepts in a study and their relationships. It notes conceptual frameworks should identify relevant variables, define concepts, outline relationships between inputs and outputs, and help explain answers to research questions. The document provides steps for developing a conceptual framework, including identifying concepts, defining and operationalizing them, and showing relationships between variables. It includes an example conceptual framework on women's autonomy in household decision making.
Conceptual framework
The document defines and discusses conceptual frameworks. It notes that a conceptual framework 1) explains graphically or in narrative form the key factors, concepts or variables in what is being studied and the relationships between them, 2) represents a way of thinking about a problem or study, and 3) sets the stage for presenting a research question based on a problem statement. A conceptual framework identifies relevant variables, defines them, and shows tentative relationships between dependent and independent variables. It can take the form of equations, diagrams, or descriptions. The development of a conceptual framework is an iterative process that is revisited and revised throughout a research study.
Theoretical Framework
The document discusses theoretical frameworks for research. It provides information on several theories that could be used as the basis for a study, including organizational theory, performance theory, and theories on governance, collective action, and service delivery. It emphasizes that the theoretical framework introduces and describes the theory that explains the research problem and will guide hypotheses, variable selection, and data analysis. The theoretical framework strengthens a study by allowing critical evaluation, connecting to existing knowledge, explaining phenomena, and identifying limits of generalizations.
Theoretical and conceptual framework
The document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks. It defines a theoretical framework as providing context and rationale for relationships between variables in a research study. A theoretical framework guides the research process by informing hypothesis development and the interpretation of observations. It also defines a conceptual framework as representing relationships between concepts through logical structure, which can be used to clarify concepts when existing theory is insufficient. Both theoretical and conceptual frameworks are important for guiding research design and interpreting findings.
Research Instrumentation
Instrumentation involves constructing research tools like questionnaires, interviews, and observations to gather study data. Questionnaires contain questions to obtain facts and can be open-ended, allowing free responses, or fixed alternative, limiting answers to options. When creating a questionnaire, researchers review literature, draft questions, test the questionnaire, and include instructions, guarantees of confidentiality, and contact information.
Writing a conceptual framework
The document discusses conceptual frameworks and how they are formulated for research studies. It provides guidelines for writing qualitative and quantitative research questions and hypotheses. It also discusses how to incorporate theories and place them within research studies. Mixed methods approaches are also covered, including different ways to write research questions and hypotheses for mixed methods designs.
Research assumption
This document discusses assumptions in research. It defines assumptions as statements taken as true without proof, and distinguishes them from hypotheses by saying assumptions are beliefs while hypotheses are testable predictions. It outlines several types of assumptions researchers may have, including universal assumptions, those based on theories, and those needed to conduct a study. Examples of assumptions in nursing research are provided, such as people wanting control of their health or health professionals viewing care differently than patients. The document also discusses limitations of research, such as theoretical limitations from specific concepts or methodological limitations from weak designs.
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The document provides guidance on developing a thesis, including conceptualizing the research problem, formulating the research title and questions, reviewing related literature, developing hypotheses, and describing the methodology. It discusses the role of the thesis advisor in guiding the advisee's conceptualization of the study, assisting with research design, and reviewing the logic and analysis of the research report. The document also provides examples of research titles and discusses formatting and style guidelines for writing the thesis.
Related Literature and Related Studies
This document discusses the importance of reviewing related literature and studies when conducting research. It states that a review of existing materials provides the foundation for a proposed study by guiding the researcher and helping to identify a research problem or topic, understand the topic better, avoid duplicating other studies, locate additional sources of information, and design the research methodology. The document also outlines the characteristics, sources, and locations of related literature and studies that should be surveyed.
Review of related literature samples
This document summarizes research on learning from television. It begins by noting that review articles are helpful for synthesizing findings from individual studies. It then discusses several influential reviews from the 1960s-1980s that examined learning outcomes related to television viewing. More recent reviews have focused on specific topics like reading skills, cognitive development, and violence. The document also notes that more research is needed connecting variables studied by psychologists to those studied by educators to identify effective interventions. It concludes by stating that contemporary research on cognitive effects of television has continued previous lines of inquiry while exploring the interactive nature of audio and visual processing during viewing.
Characteristics ofresearch
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Classification of Research
The Variable and types
Review of Related Literature
This document provides an overview of the research process and guidelines for reviewing related literature. It discusses the importance of reviewing related literature to avoid duplicating past studies and provide context for the research problem. The review of related literature should include recent, objective materials that are directly relevant to the study, such as findings, methods, and conclusions from past investigations. When writing the literature review, the researcher should paraphrase sources, cite authors, include only relevant information, and relate sources to the research topic. The review should have a logical flow and avoid lengthy quotes or a list-like format.
Theoretical framework
Theories aim to explain phenomena through generalizations and models of reality. The theoretical framework of a study presents the theory that explains the research problem and serves as the basis for conducting the research. It helps the researcher identify variables and provides a framework for data analysis. Formulating a theoretical framework requires presenting authoritative theories, identifying key concepts and variables, and stating relationships between hypothesized variables, while assumptions provide an untested basis for developing theories and influencing the research process.
Theoretical framework
This document discusses the importance of theoretical frameworks in research. It defines a theoretical framework as providing context and rationale for developing hypotheses, research designs, and interpretations. A theory consists of interrelated concepts and propositions that explain relationships between variables. Theoretical frameworks can be used to guide the entire research process, from generating hypotheses to interpreting results. Developing a strong theoretical framework involves selecting concepts, defining relationships, and formulating a logical rationale through a literature review. Frameworks should be critiqued for clarity, consistency with the research topic, and ability to support hypothesis formation.
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This document provides guidance on writing an effective problem statement for a research proposal. It defines a research problem as a situation that needs a solution where possible solutions exist. An effective problem statement clearly describes the issue to be addressed in one sentence, with additional paragraphs elaborating on the problem's importance and context. It should identify the variables of interest and relationship between variables to be studied. The problem statement establishes the foundation for the rest of the proposal by framing the scope and focus of the research. It is important to demonstrate that the problem is worth studying by considering factors like its current relevance, future implications, practical applications, and theoretical significance. The problem statement helps motivate the need for the study and generates the research questions to be answered.
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This document provides guidance on conducting a review of related literature. It discusses the purpose of an RRL from the perspectives of the researcher and reader. Key points include helping shape the research, justifying the approach and methods, demonstrating what is new, and providing context for readers. The document offers tips for gathering sources, evaluating online sources, delimiting the scope, outlining approaches, and writing the review. It emphasizes relating all discussed literature to the research topic.
Definition of terms
Definition of terms is usually an annex to a work (book, research paper, pamphlet,etc.) either at the beginning or more likely near the end with a list of acronyms, jargon, credits, etc. This is an important part of Research paper or report is that in which the key or important terms in the study are clearly defined.
Types and Functions
CONCEPTUAL
-Is the universal meaning that is attributed to a word or group of words and which is understood by many people.
CONCEPTUAL
It is abstract and most general in nature. The usual source of conceptual definition is the DICTIONARY which is the reference book of everyday language.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
-Is the meaning of the concept or term as used in a particular study. Unlike the conceptual definition, it is stated in concrete term in that it allows measurement.
The usual practice when using both types of definition is to state first the conceptual followed by the operational.
FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS
It establishes the rules and procedures the investigators will use to measure variables
It provides unambiguous meaning to terms that otherwise can be interpreted in different ways.
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION:
Reference: Basic Concepts and Methods in Research by Venancio B. Ardales Best, John W. Research in Education Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:Prentice Hall, 1970. Chen, Paul C.Y. “Traditional and Modern Medicine in Malaysia” Social Sciencee and Medicine 15A(1981):127-136
Examples of quantitative research titles
This document contains titles for potential research projects. The research titles cover a wide range of topics related to the impacts of COVID-19, such as the pandemic's effect on small businesses, students' self-learning skills, and family relationships during community quarantine. Other topics include the influence of packaging and branding on consumer behavior, the relationship between chess and math skills, and feasibility studies for various sustainable energy and agriculture projects.
Theoretical Framework
The document discusses the theoretical framework of a research study. A theoretical framework explains the relationship between different variables or concepts that are relevant to the research problem under investigation. It involves identifying dependent and independent variables and theorizing how they may be related. Developing a theoretical framework allows researchers to hypothesize relationships between variables and improve understanding of the problem dynamics. The framework helps establish the conceptual foundation for the research and allows relationships to be tested.
Theoretical & conceptual framework
The document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks in research. It explains that a theoretical framework provides patterns to interpret data and links studies together through generalized observations and interrelated concepts and models. A conceptual framework outlines factors, concepts, and relationships in a study through diagrams, charts, or narratives. Developing strong frameworks involves selecting key concepts, defining their relationships, and forming a logical theoretical rationale to guide a research study. Nursing frameworks help define nursing's unique role by focusing on persons, environments, health, and nursing interventions.
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This document discusses research objectives. It defines research objectives as clear, measurable statements that provide direction for a study. Objectives focus the investigation of variables and relationships between variables. Well-written objectives are specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and time-bound. Formulating objectives helps organize a study and focus data collection and analysis. A study may have general objectives as broad goals and specific objectives that systematically address aspects of the problem. Examples show how to write general and specific objectives for a study on nurses' knowledge of physical restraint techniques.
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A comprehensive guideline on how one oculd writw an ideal review of related literature for his or her research.
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Statistical Treatment
This document defines and provides formulas for several statistical analysis methods: frequency and percentage distribution to calculate percentages for data profiles; mean to calculate the average value; t-test to determine if there are significant differences between the means of two variables; analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine if frequencies differ significantly among multiple groups; Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient to measure the association between two variables; multiple correlation to test the relationship between independent and dependent variables; and multiple regression to predict dependent variables from independent variables.
2. theoretical framework
The document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks. It defines a theoretical framework as providing rationale for relationships between variables in a study. A conceptual framework outlines possible approaches to an idea. Developing a framework involves selecting concepts, identifying relationships between them, defining concepts operationally, and formulating a theoretical rationale through literature review. Frameworks guide research by informing hypothesis development and data analysis. Descriptive theories classify phenomena while explanatory theories specify relationships and predictive theories predict relationships. Frameworks must be clearly identified and consistent with the research topic.
Theoretical & framework
The document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks. It defines a theoretical framework as providing context and rationale for developing hypotheses, observations, research designs, and interpretations in a research study. A conceptual framework outlines possible approaches to an idea. Developing a framework involves selecting concepts, identifying their relationships, defining the concepts operationally, and formulating a theoretical rationale based on literature. Frameworks guide the research process and can be tested through descriptive, explanatory, or predictive research depending on the theory. Nursing frameworks help define nursing's unique phenomena of interest.
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Research assumption
This document discusses assumptions in research. It defines assumptions as statements taken as true without proof, and distinguishes them from hypotheses by saying assumptions are beliefs while hypotheses are testable predictions. It outlines several types of assumptions researchers may have, including universal assumptions, those based on theories, and those needed to conduct a study. Examples of assumptions in nursing research are provided, such as people wanting control of their health or health professionals viewing care differently than patients. The document also discusses limitations of research, such as theoretical limitations from specific concepts or methodological limitations from weak designs.
(THESIS) Bsu Mentoring Thesis Writers
The document provides guidance on developing a thesis, including conceptualizing the research problem, formulating the research title and questions, reviewing related literature, developing hypotheses, and describing the methodology. It discusses the role of the thesis advisor in guiding the advisee's conceptualization of the study, assisting with research design, and reviewing the logic and analysis of the research report. The document also provides examples of research titles and discusses formatting and style guidelines for writing the thesis.
Related Literature and Related Studies
This document discusses the importance of reviewing related literature and studies when conducting research. It states that a review of existing materials provides the foundation for a proposed study by guiding the researcher and helping to identify a research problem or topic, understand the topic better, avoid duplicating other studies, locate additional sources of information, and design the research methodology. The document also outlines the characteristics, sources, and locations of related literature and studies that should be surveyed.
Review of related literature samples
This document summarizes research on learning from television. It begins by noting that review articles are helpful for synthesizing findings from individual studies. It then discusses several influential reviews from the 1960s-1980s that examined learning outcomes related to television viewing. More recent reviews have focused on specific topics like reading skills, cognitive development, and violence. The document also notes that more research is needed connecting variables studied by psychologists to those studied by educators to identify effective interventions. It concludes by stating that contemporary research on cognitive effects of television has continued previous lines of inquiry while exploring the interactive nature of audio and visual processing during viewing.
Characteristics ofresearch
Characteristics of Research
characteristics of the Researcher
Qualities of a Good Researcher
Classification of Research
The Variable and types
Review of Related Literature
This document provides an overview of the research process and guidelines for reviewing related literature. It discusses the importance of reviewing related literature to avoid duplicating past studies and provide context for the research problem. The review of related literature should include recent, objective materials that are directly relevant to the study, such as findings, methods, and conclusions from past investigations. When writing the literature review, the researcher should paraphrase sources, cite authors, include only relevant information, and relate sources to the research topic. The review should have a logical flow and avoid lengthy quotes or a list-like format.
Theoretical framework
Theories aim to explain phenomena through generalizations and models of reality. The theoretical framework of a study presents the theory that explains the research problem and serves as the basis for conducting the research. It helps the researcher identify variables and provides a framework for data analysis. Formulating a theoretical framework requires presenting authoritative theories, identifying key concepts and variables, and stating relationships between hypothesized variables, while assumptions provide an untested basis for developing theories and influencing the research process.
Theoretical framework
This document discusses the importance of theoretical frameworks in research. It defines a theoretical framework as providing context and rationale for developing hypotheses, research designs, and interpretations. A theory consists of interrelated concepts and propositions that explain relationships between variables. Theoretical frameworks can be used to guide the entire research process, from generating hypotheses to interpreting results. Developing a strong theoretical framework involves selecting concepts, defining relationships, and formulating a logical rationale through a literature review. Frameworks should be critiqued for clarity, consistency with the research topic, and ability to support hypothesis formation.
How to write a statement problem
This document provides guidance on writing an effective problem statement for a research proposal. It defines a research problem as a situation that needs a solution where possible solutions exist. An effective problem statement clearly describes the issue to be addressed in one sentence, with additional paragraphs elaborating on the problem's importance and context. It should identify the variables of interest and relationship between variables to be studied. The problem statement establishes the foundation for the rest of the proposal by framing the scope and focus of the research. It is important to demonstrate that the problem is worth studying by considering factors like its current relevance, future implications, practical applications, and theoretical significance. The problem statement helps motivate the need for the study and generates the research questions to be answered.
Review of Related Literature-Thesis Guide
This document provides guidance on conducting a review of related literature. It discusses the purpose of an RRL from the perspectives of the researcher and reader. Key points include helping shape the research, justifying the approach and methods, demonstrating what is new, and providing context for readers. The document offers tips for gathering sources, evaluating online sources, delimiting the scope, outlining approaches, and writing the review. It emphasizes relating all discussed literature to the research topic.
Definition of terms
Definition of terms is usually an annex to a work (book, research paper, pamphlet,etc.) either at the beginning or more likely near the end with a list of acronyms, jargon, credits, etc. This is an important part of Research paper or report is that in which the key or important terms in the study are clearly defined.
Types and Functions
CONCEPTUAL
-Is the universal meaning that is attributed to a word or group of words and which is understood by many people.
CONCEPTUAL
It is abstract and most general in nature. The usual source of conceptual definition is the DICTIONARY which is the reference book of everyday language.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
-Is the meaning of the concept or term as used in a particular study. Unlike the conceptual definition, it is stated in concrete term in that it allows measurement.
The usual practice when using both types of definition is to state first the conceptual followed by the operational.
FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS
It establishes the rules and procedures the investigators will use to measure variables
It provides unambiguous meaning to terms that otherwise can be interpreted in different ways.
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION:
Reference: Basic Concepts and Methods in Research by Venancio B. Ardales Best, John W. Research in Education Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:Prentice Hall, 1970. Chen, Paul C.Y. “Traditional and Modern Medicine in Malaysia” Social Sciencee and Medicine 15A(1981):127-136
Examples of quantitative research titles
This document contains titles for potential research projects. The research titles cover a wide range of topics related to the impacts of COVID-19, such as the pandemic's effect on small businesses, students' self-learning skills, and family relationships during community quarantine. Other topics include the influence of packaging and branding on consumer behavior, the relationship between chess and math skills, and feasibility studies for various sustainable energy and agriculture projects.
Theoretical Framework
The document discusses the theoretical framework of a research study. A theoretical framework explains the relationship between different variables or concepts that are relevant to the research problem under investigation. It involves identifying dependent and independent variables and theorizing how they may be related. Developing a theoretical framework allows researchers to hypothesize relationships between variables and improve understanding of the problem dynamics. The framework helps establish the conceptual foundation for the research and allows relationships to be tested.
Theoretical & conceptual framework
The document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks in research. It explains that a theoretical framework provides patterns to interpret data and links studies together through generalized observations and interrelated concepts and models. A conceptual framework outlines factors, concepts, and relationships in a study through diagrams, charts, or narratives. Developing strong frameworks involves selecting key concepts, defining their relationships, and forming a logical theoretical rationale to guide a research study. Nursing frameworks help define nursing's unique role by focusing on persons, environments, health, and nursing interventions.
Writing research objectives
This document discusses research objectives. It defines research objectives as clear, measurable statements that provide direction for a study. Objectives focus the investigation of variables and relationships between variables. Well-written objectives are specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and time-bound. Formulating objectives helps organize a study and focus data collection and analysis. A study may have general objectives as broad goals and specific objectives that systematically address aspects of the problem. Examples show how to write general and specific objectives for a study on nurses' knowledge of physical restraint techniques.
Writing the rrl
A comprehensive guideline on how one oculd writw an ideal review of related literature for his or her research.
Six main chapters of a research paper
This document outlines the six main chapters that comprise the body of a research paper: 1) Introduction, 2) Conceptual and Theoretical Framework, 3) Methodology, 4) Presentation and Analysis of Data, 5) Summary and Conclusions, and 6) Bibliography. The Introduction includes the background of the study, statement of the problem, significance of the study, and scope and delimitation. The Conceptual and Theoretical Framework presents relevant theories and relates variables. The Methodology describes the research design and procedures for collecting and analyzing data. The Presentation and Analysis of Data section summarizes and analyzes the collected data. The Summary and Conclusions restates the problem and findings. Finally, the Bibliography provides references
Writing the Theoretical and Conceptual Framework of a Quantitative Research
This document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks in research. It defines a theory as a set of constructs, definitions, and propositions that explain phenomena. The theoretical framework comprises concepts and theories that guide a study. The conceptual framework provides the scope and range of a concept and discusses how theories combine. Important purposes of a conceptual framework include identifying the research problem and connecting variables to hypotheses. Key steps in constructing a conceptual framework involve examining keywords and variables, selecting an applicable theory, and describing the theory's relevance. Examples of conceptual frameworks include the IV-DV model and IPO model.
RESEARCH: variables, assumptions, and hypothese
This document defines key concepts in research methods including variables, dependent and independent variables, assumptions, hypotheses, and guidelines for formulating hypotheses. It explains that a variable can take on different values, and an attribute is a specific value of a variable. A dependent variable is affected by manipulating independent variables, which the researcher controls. Assumptions are self-evident truths based on facts, while hypotheses are tentative answers to research questions. Hypotheses should be testable, relate variables, and be limited in scope. The document provides examples and guidelines for formulating explicit and null hypotheses to structure an investigation.
Statistical Treatment
This document defines and provides formulas for several statistical analysis methods: frequency and percentage distribution to calculate percentages for data profiles; mean to calculate the average value; t-test to determine if there are significant differences between the means of two variables; analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine if frequencies differ significantly among multiple groups; Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient to measure the association between two variables; multiple correlation to test the relationship between independent and dependent variables; and multiple regression to predict dependent variables from independent variables.
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The document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks. It defines a theoretical framework as providing rationale for relationships between variables in a study. A conceptual framework outlines possible approaches to an idea. Developing a framework involves selecting concepts, identifying relationships between them, defining concepts operationally, and formulating a theoretical rationale through literature review. Frameworks guide research by informing hypothesis development and data analysis. Descriptive theories classify phenomena while explanatory theories specify relationships and predictive theories predict relationships. Frameworks must be clearly identified and consistent with the research topic.
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The document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks. It defines a theoretical framework as providing context and rationale for developing hypotheses, observations, research designs, and interpretations in a research study. A conceptual framework outlines possible approaches to an idea. Developing a framework involves selecting concepts, identifying their relationships, defining the concepts operationally, and formulating a theoretical rationale based on literature. Frameworks guide the research process and can be tested through descriptive, explanatory, or predictive research depending on the theory. Nursing frameworks help define nursing's unique phenomena of interest.
THEORETICAL & CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK.pptx
This document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks. It defines theories as explanations for phenomena that consist of interrelated ideas and models. Theories are generated through inductive and deductive processes. A theoretical framework provides context for examining problems and guides research design. It identifies logical relationships between variables. A conceptual framework outlines approaches to ideas. The document discusses developing frameworks by selecting concepts, defining relationships, and formulating a theoretical rationale supported by literature. Frameworks are critiqued based on clarity, consistency, definitions, relationships, and logical basis.
Theoretical framework
The theoretical framework provides context for examining problems by establishing a rationale for developing hypotheses, observations, concept definitions, research designs, interpretations and generalizations. It serves as a guide to systematically identify logical relationships between variables. Hypotheses should express precise relationships between variables and be based on propositions from the theoretical framework. The outcomes of a study must be viewed in terms of how well they support the chosen theoretical rationale, which plays an important role in guiding the entire research process. Developing a theoretical framework involves selecting concepts, identifying relationships between concepts, formulating definitions, and establishing a theoretical rationale through literature review.
Theoretical framework
The document discusses theories, theoretical frameworks, and their purpose in research. A theory explains phenomena through generalizations and models. The theoretical framework presents the theory explaining the research problem and serves as a structure to support the research. It helps the researcher identify variables and provides a framework for data analysis. Formulating a theoretical framework involves presenting authoritative theories, key concepts, assumptions, and the relationship between variables.
Role of theory in research
This document discusses quantitative and qualitative research methods and the role of theory in research. It defines theory and explains the dynamic relationship between theory and research, noting that theory informs research and research can refine or reject aspects of theory. The document also classifies theories as either deductive or inductive. Deductive theory is tested through empirical research, while inductive theory emerges from data analysis. Quantitative research typically uses deductive theory to frame hypotheses for testing.
How to Develop Mathematical Theorems Based on Literature Survey for PhD Thesi...
The main aim of framing any theory is to explain, predict and understand occurrences. Theorem Development Literature Review is designed to hold or support a theory of any research.
A theory gives a complete and complex conceptual understanding of things which cannot be listed down like how societies work, how certain organization functions and why people interact in a particular way. Theories provide a Researcher with a different angle, from which they can look at complex problems and social issues, allow them to focus their attention on a different aspect of data and provide them with a framework within which they can conduct their analysis. All scientific theory starts as a hypothesis. A hypothesis is a recommended solution for an undiscovered occurrence which does not fit into a currently acknowledged scientific theory.
Ph.D. Assistance:
Ph.D. Assistance serves as an external mentor to brainstorm your idea and translate that into research model. Hiring a mentor or tutor is common and therefore let your research committee known about the same. We do not offer any writing services without the involvement of the researcher.
Learn More: https://bit.ly/2WPwuku
Contact Us:
Website: https://www.phdassistance.com/
UK NO: +44–1143520021
India No: +91–4448137070
WhatsApp No: +91 91769 66446
Email: info@phdassistance.com
How to Develop Mathematical Theorems Based on Literature Survey for PhD Thesi...
The main aim of framing any theory is to explain, predict and understand occurrences. Theorem Development Literature Review is designed to hold or support a theory of any research.
A theory gives a complete and complex conceptual understanding of things which cannot be listed down like how societies work, how certain organization functions and why people interact in a particular way. Theories provide a Researcher with a different angle, from which they can look at complex problems and social issues, allow them to focus their attention on a different aspect of data and provide them with a framework within which they can conduct their analysis. All scientific theory starts as a hypothesis. A hypothesis is a recommended solution for an undiscovered occurrence which does not fit into a currently acknowledged scientific theory.
Ph.D. Assistance:
Ph.D. Assistance serves as an external mentor to brainstorm your idea and translate that into research model. Hiring a mentor or tutor is common and therefore let your research committee known about the same. We do not offer any writing services without the involvement of the researcher.
Learn More: https://bit.ly/2WPwuku
Contact Us:
Website: https://www.phdassistance.com/
UK NO: +44–1143520021
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tHEORETICAL FRAMEWORK.pptx
The document provides information on theoretical frameworks. It begins by defining a theoretical framework as a summary of a researcher's theory regarding a problem, developed through a review of existing knowledge on related variables. A theoretical framework identifies the plan for investigating and interpreting findings. It establishes the structure to support a research study's theory and explains why the problem exists. The document discusses the importance of a theoretical framework in strengthening a study and its significance in demonstrating that relationships proposed are based on previous research rather than personal guesses. It provides guidance on developing, presenting, and applying a theoretical framework.
423968887-The-Role-of-Theory-in-Research.pptx
This document discusses the role of theory in research. It defines research and theory, and outlines their dynamic relationship. Theories guide research by framing questions and concepts. Research tests and refines theories by generating empirical evidence. There are two approaches - deductive theory leads to hypotheses testing, while inductive theory emerges from data analysis. Theories increase the meaning and predictive power of research findings by connecting specific studies to broader frameworks. They also help identify gaps and drive further discovery.
Unit 7. Theoritical & Conceptual Framework.pptx
THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS:
objectives:
1. Discuss the different types of models and frameworks used in research framework
2. Discuss the use of theoretical/conceptual frameworks and models in the research.
3. Differentiate theoretical/conceptual frameworks and models
4. Recognize the best suit theory or theoretical model/framework for particular research study
5. Develop conceptual models/framework, best suit for particular research study.
What is a theoretical framework?
A theoretical framework is a summary of the researcher’s theory regarding a particular problem that is developed through a review of previously tested knowledge of variables involved. It identifies a plan for investigation and interpretation of the findings.
It relates to philosophical basis on which the research takes place and form the link between the theoretical aspects and practical components of the investigation undertaken. Therefore it’’ has implications for every decision made in the research process".
Theoretical framework can be considered as a conceptual model that establishes a sense of structure that guides the research process. It includes the variables a researcher intends to measure and relationships he/she seeks to understand. Essentially, this is where a researcher develops a “theory” and build his/her case for investigating that theory.
The theoretical framework is the researcher’s presentation of a theory that explains a particular problem and it is not based on his/her suspicions alone.
Theoretical framework is presented in the early section of a dissertation mainly in chapter two of the report and provides the rationale for conducting your research to investigate a particular research problem.
It involves a well-supported rationale and is organized in a manner that helps the reader understand and asses the perspective of the researcher.
When developing a theoretical framework:
The researcher start by describing what is known about the variables involved, what is known about their relationship, and what can be explained thus far.
One need to investigate other researchers’ theories behind these relationships and identify a theory (or a combination of theories) that explain his/her major research problem.
The researcher need to consider alternative theories that might challenge his/her perspective.
One also considers the limitations associated with his/her theory and quite possibly that problem could be better understood by other theoretical frameworks.
Significance of a theoretical framework:
It helps the researcher to consider other possible frameworks and to reduce biases that may sway the researcher’s interpretation.
It clarifies researcher’s implicit theory in a manner that is more clearly defined.
It demonstrates that the relationships proposed by the researcher are not based on his/her personal instincts or guesses, but rather formed from facts obtained from authors of previous research.
Theoretical and Conceptual framework in Research
A presentation on Theoretical framework and conceptual framework of a research.From this presentation you can know -
1) About theory and 4 types of theory
2) How to choose a suitable theoretical framework for your research
3) How to make a good conceptual framework for your research
4) Find out Independent variable and dependent variable of your problem statement
5) Relation between TF & CF relative to Quantitative and Qualitative methodology
Theory analysis
The document discusses the steps of theory analysis, which includes examining the origins, meaning, logical adequacy, usefulness, generalizability, parsimony, and testability of a theory. Theory analysis involves breaking a theory down into its components and examining each part individually and in relation to the whole. It is a systematic way to determine both the strengths and limitations of a theory in order to evaluate whether additional development or testing is needed.
THEORETICAL_AND_CONCEPTUAL_FRAMEWORKS.pptx
The document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks in research. It begins by defining a theoretical framework as a summary of a researcher's theory regarding a problem developed through a literature review. A theoretical framework identifies variables and their relationships. It establishes the structure that guides a research process. A conceptual framework is a hypothesized model that identifies concepts and relationships without existing theory. It provides an outline of preferred approach and relationships between variables. The document distinguishes theoretical frameworks as based on existing literature and theory, while conceptual frameworks are less formal and based on concepts and observations.
TESTING, USING AND DEVELOPING A THEORY OR FRAMEWORK.ppt
This document discusses different ways that theories can be used in research studies. It describes three main approaches: 1) Minimal use where the theory provides a framework but is not integrated into the study; 2) Using concepts from theories to organize the research, usually for descriptive rather than testing purposes; 3) Explicitly testing models by deriving hypotheses from assumptions and testing them to support or refute the theory. It also provides examples of grounded theory studies, using existing theories as interpretive frameworks, and testing competing theories. Guidelines are presented for evaluating theory testing, development, and conceptual frameworks in nursing research.
Introduction.pptx
This document provides an introduction to nursing theories. It defines what a theory is and explains that nursing theories describe, explain, or predict relationships among abstract concepts related to nursing. The purposes of nursing theory are to make scientific nursing findings meaningful and generalizable by organizing observations and facts into a logical system. Nursing theories are unique bodies of knowledge that define nursing as a discipline separate from other fields like medicine. Key components of nursing theories include concepts, definitions, relational statements, and assumptions.
Research problem, hypothesis & conceptual framework
The document summarizes key aspects of developing a research problem, hypothesis, and conceptual framework. It discusses sources of research problems, steps in developing and refining problems, criteria for evaluating problems, and how to write problem statements. It also covers developing hypotheses, including types of hypotheses and hypothesis testing. Finally, it discusses operational definitions, conceptual frameworks, and examples of theories frequently used in nursing research conceptual frameworks.
Research problem, hypothesis & conceptual framework
The document discusses sources of research problems, developing hypotheses, and conceptual frameworks. It provides the following key points:
1. Research problems can come from experience, literature, or existing theories. Developing a problem involves selecting a topic and narrowing it.
2. Hypotheses predict relationships between variables and can be inductive, deductive, simple or complex. They are tested statistically but never proven.
3. Conceptual frameworks organize ideas and provide guidance for research. Theories summarize phenomena and help make findings meaningful and generalizable.
THEORETICAL_AND_CONCEPTUAL_FRAMEWORKS.pptx
The document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks. It defines a theoretical framework as a summary of a researcher's theory regarding a problem, developed through a review of previous knowledge and variables. It identifies the plan for investigation and interpretation. A conceptual framework is a hypothesized model that identifies concepts and relationships between independent and dependent variables. It provides direction for a study and less formal structure when existing theory is insufficient. Both frameworks are important for demonstrating that a study is grounded in previous research and for guiding the research process.
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Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
Theoretical & conceptual framework
- 1. Theoretical & Conceptual Frame-work -Theoretical Frame-work -Conceptual Frame-work Dr. RS Mehta
- 2. Theory Theories are constructed in order to explain, predict and master phenomena (e.g. relationships, events, or the behavior). In many instances we are constructing models of reality. A theory makes generalizations about observations and consists of an interrelated, coherent set of ideas and models.
- 3. A theoretical framework is analogous to the frame of the house. Just as the foundation supports a house, a theoretical framework provides a rationale for predictions about the relationships among variables of a research study Dr. RS Mehta
- 4. Theory Theories are generated by using inductive processes A deductive approach is used to evaluate and modify existing theory by testing predictions about relationships between observed phenomena Dr. RS Mehta
- 5. Theoretical Framework It provides a context for examining a problem i.e. theoretical rationale for: Developing hypotheses A frame of reference/base for Observations Definitions of concepts Research designs Interpretations Generalizations Serves as a guide to systematically identify logical, precisely defined relationships among Dr. RS Mehta variables
- 6. The Use of a Theoretical Framework as a Guide in a Research Study The theoretical framework plays an important role in guiding the entire process of the research study Theories are constructed in order to explain, predict and master phenomena (e.g. relationships, events, or the behavior). In many instances we are constructing models of reality. A theory makes generalizations about observations and consists of an interrelated, coherent set of ideas and models. Dr. RS Mehta
- 7. The Use of a Theoretical Framework as a Guide in a Research Study If the framework is logically sound and substantiated by previous research studies, there is a strong possibility that the predictions or hypotheses evolving from that framework will be supported In some cases, a theoretical rationale in inappropriately used. e.g. a theory is designed to explain a particular behavior in infants may not be appropriate for the study of those behaviors in adults Dr. RS Mehta
- 8. Formulating the Theoretical Framework Purpose: • It helps the researcher see clearly the variables of the study; • It can provide him with a general framework for data analysis; • It is essential in preparing a research proposal using descriptive and experimental methods. Dr. RS Mehta
- 9. conceptual framework A conceptual framework is used in research to outline possible courses of action or to present a preferred approach to an idea or thought. Dr. RS Mehta
- 10. How to Develop a Theoretical Framework or conceptual framework 1. Select concepts a concept is an image or symbolic representation of an abstract idea. e.g. health, pain, intelligence … 2. Identify the interrelationships among concepts Dr. RS Mehta
- 11. How to Develop a Theoretical Framework 3.Formulating definitions: to develop a theoretical framework that can generate and test hypotheses, concepts must be clearly defined A. Conceptual definition … conveys the general meaning of the concept B. Operational definition … adds another dimension to the conceptual definition by delineating the procedures or operations required to measure the concept Some concepts are easily defined in operational terms, e.g. pulse, other concepts are more difficult to define operationally, e.g. coping Dr. RS Mehta
- 12. 4. Formulating the theoretical rationale Through the literature review, an investigator becomes aware of or confirms identified theoretical connections between variables In evaluating the formulation of the theoretical rationale, the internal structures, such as concepts and their definitions, should have clarity and continuity, and the approach to understanding phenomena, whether inductive or deductive, should be logical Dr. RS Mehta
- 13. Types of Theories & Types of Research Theories may describe a particular phenomenon, explain relationships between or among phenomena, or predict how one phenomenon affects another Descriptive theories “describe or classify specific dimensions or characteristics of individuals, groups, situations, or events by summarizing the commonalities found in discrete observations To test descriptive theories, researchers conduct descriptive research studies Dr. RS Mehta
- 14. Types of Theories & Types of Research Explanatory theories “specify relations among the dimensions or characteristics of individuals, groups, situations, or events Explanatory theories are tested by using correlational research Dr. RS Mehta
- 15. Predictive theories are intended to predict “precise relationships between the dimensions or characteristics of a phenomenon or differences between groups” Predictive theories are tested through Experimental or quasi-experimental research designs Dr. RS Mehta
- 16. Contribution of Nursing Theories or Frameworks to Research When developing a theoretical framework for nursing research studies, knowledge is acquired through: Disciplines other than nursing and borrowed for the purpose of answering nursing questions Identifying and asking questions about phenomena that are unique to nursing Dr. RS Mehta
- 17. Contribution of Nursing Theories or Frameworks to Research Theories unique to nursing help nursing define how it is different from other disciplines The central phenomena of interest to nursing are persons, environment, health & nursing Dr. RS Mehta
- 18. Critiquing the theoretical framework 1. Is the theoretical framework clearly identified? 2. Is the theoretical framework consistent with what is being studied? 3. Are the concepts clearly and operationally defined? Do they reflect the area of investigation? 4. Was sufficient literature reviewed to support the proposed relationships? 5. Is the theoretical basis for hypothesis formulation clearly articulated? Is it logical? Dr. RS Mehta
- 19. Critiquing the theoretical framework 6. Are the relationships among propositions clearly defined? 7. If the theory is borrowed from a discipline other than nursing, are the data related specifically to nursing? 8. Does the instrument used to measure the variables, consistent with the theoretical framework? 9. Are the study findings related to the theoretical rationale? Dr. RS Mehta
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- 25. Thank You Dr. RS Mehta