Design Of An Optimized Compressive Sensing

Design Of An Optimized Compressive Sensing
Abstract– This paper presents the design of an optimized Compressive Sensing (CS) based image
compression technique for data transmission over mobile wireless noisy channel. The proposed
technique is more robust to channel noise. It uses individual measurement driven coding scheme,
which facilitates simpler encoder design. The shift of computational burden from encoder to decoder
is more suitable for mobile devices applications where computational power and battery life are
limited. This paper also presents a novel quantizer which allows the encoder to dynamically adapt to
the channel conditions and provide optimum performance.
Keywords–compressive sensing; coding with feedback; image transmission; quantization
I. INTRODUCTION
Wireless spectrum is becoming increasingly scarce as more and more mobile devices are being used
with new innovations to support multimedia applications. The evolution of new applications is
further eroding the ability to make spectrum available to ever increasing mobile users [1]. The
design of mobile devices for inclusion of new and evolving multimedia applications faces big
challenges due to: a) limited power supply from battery; b) wireless transmission impairments for
sustained video transmissions; and c) limited CPU capability in each device. Thus data compression
for wireless networks is becoming more and more important. This research takes image as a sample
multimedia data type to explore the necessary improvement. Traditional image
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Information Of Learning Theories
What did you find surprising or striking as you furthered your knowledge about how people learn?
This course gave me the opportunity to rediscover and learn and understand my learning style and
strategies. It provided me with a better understanding of the different learning styles and theories.
What I found surprising was the fact that as an instructional designer you can increase the
motivation level in the learner. Instruction designers can achieve learning environments and
stimulate and sustain motivation, even though they cannot control it. The learner is the one
responsible for their motivation, but it is clear that the environment can have a strong impact on both
the direction and intensity of a person's motivation. Furthermore, constructivism and social learning
theories are very enlightening. The information of learning constructivist theories brings an
understanding of the circumstance in which learning occurs and the social contexts that learners
bring to the learning environment. The learning theories give a good foundation on the academic
level and developments in the motivational research area, and the ARCS Model makes it possible to
apply it to the online learning environment. I was also surprised to learn that I am also a social
learner. I am a very private person and didn't consider myself a social learner, however, I have
learned that I enjoy more socializing in an online platform than in the classroom or a face–to–face
contact. I also learned that I use

Improvements Of Block Based Pass
Improvements of Block Based Pass Parallel in Image Compression Algorithm Dhivya.T1 1Student,
Dept. of ECE, Vivekananda College of Engineering for Women,dhivyatkalai@gmail.com
Nirmala.R2 2Assistant professor, Dept of ECE, Vivekananda College of Engineering for
Women,nirdha06@gmail.com Abstract¬––– A algorithm for wavelet transformed images. BPS is
block based pass parallel SPIHT is one of the widely used compression much simpler and faster
than many existing compression techniques. The drawback of existing method is a poor quality,
compression block size of the image is large and the compression efficiency is very low. In this
paper we discussed about various compression algorithm to overcome this problem. In improvement
of block based pass parallel algorithm carry select adder is used to enhance the speed, efficiency and
to reduce area. Index term–––Block Based Pass Parallel algorithm (BPS), Set partitioning in
hierarchical trees (SPIHT) I. INTRODUCTION Digital images are very large in size and occupy
large storage space. They take larger bandwidth and take more time for upload and download
through the internet. In order to overcome this problem various compression algorithms are used.
Wavelet based image coding, such as the JPEG2000 standard, is widely used because of its high
compression efficiency. There are three important wavelet–based image coding algorithms are used
that have embedded coding property enabling easy bit rate control with

Exploring a Grounded Theory Study on Information Security...
Introduction
Prior research indicates that employees seldom comply with compulsory information security
policies, and organizations are finding that the enforcement of information security policies among
employees is a critical challenge (Herath & Rao, 2009). Organizations and researchers have
traditionally focused on the use of technology to secure computer networks from security breaches
(Herath & Rao, 2009; Rhee, Kim, & Ryu, 2009). Practitioners and researchers have recently realized
that effective organizational information security can best be achieved through three components:
people, processes, and technology (Herath & Rao, 2009).
Researchers, however, commonly consider the people component as the weakest link in the chain of
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Surveys indicate that security breaches are increasing and over half of them are the result of
negligence, ignorance of security policies, or intentional for reasons of convenience (Bulgurcu et al.,
2010; Herath & Rao, 2009; Siponen & Vance, 2010). Many business organizations find the
enforcement of information security policies challenging because employees do not understand the
importance of following them, viewing them as recommendations rather than requirements (Guo,
Yuan, Archer, & Connelly, 2011; Herath & Rao, 2009; Siponen & Vance, 2010).
Incidents of information security breaches are indicators of information security governance
programs not addressing individual values, beliefs, and the means to encourage conformity with
security policies (Mishra & Dhillon, 2006). An abundance of research exists concerning the
technical and formal controls for information security management, but there is a lack of research on
the informal, behavioral aspects of information security governance (Mishra & Dhillon, 2006).
Achieving comprehensive information security requires organizations to consider behavioral issues
of security governance such as individual values, norms, and culture (Mishra & Dhillon, 2006). The
causes and conditions that contribute to reducing employee negligence

Personal Narrative: Have You Experienced Information Overload
Have you experienced Information overload? What are your solutions/suggestions for reducing the
overload? Most recently while taking a program management course at work, I experienced
information overload. This was an online course that had a ton of information that I was required to
decipher and pass all tests with 100% within sixty days. The material was very informative,
however, it was somewhat stressful for me to retain all the information within the allotted time,
especially since this was being done during my workday. Because I was completing this training
while at work, I realized that doing it after hours or even on the weekends made it less stressful for
me to complete and understand what I was being taught. How do you manage

Understanding Piaget Theory And Information Processing Theory
The study of Cognitive theories has many different aspects that have been debated many years ago.
Developmental psychologists try to explain cognitive development approaches which describe the
process of human 's thought. One of the developmental psychologist who studied on the area of
cognitive was Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget a Swiss psychologist was the first developmental researcher
who has extensive research on cognitive development. In addition, the revolution of Jean Piaget's
cognitive theory has changed the development psychology forever. In fact, although this theory is
one of the most influential theories that have had a major impact on child's cognitive development,
many developmental psychologist has been criticized it as well(Miller,2007). Therefore, the
limitations of this theory made the developmental psychologists thinking of information processing
theory might complete Piaget's Theory(Miller,2007). Information processing theory is another
theory that was engaged in the era of cognitive development. It is possible to better understand
Piaget theory and Information Processing theory by comparing several important aspects of
developmental psychology: nature of humans, quantitative or qualitative, and nature or nurture.
Piaget Cognitive Theory
To begin with, Piaget's cognitive theory has four stages. According to Miller,2011 she states that
Piaget described each stage and referred them to the ability of human understanding. First stage is
the sensorimotor stage

Stages of Learning and Information Processing Theory
Basketball Research Report
[Type the document subtitle]
3/21/2014
18218
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction 2
2.0 Stages of Learning 2/3
3.0 Information Processing Theory 3
4.0 Feedback 4
5.0 Conclusion 4
6.0 Appendices 5/6
7.0 Reference List 7
1.0 Introduction
Motor learning, particularly in the early stages of learning a skill, involves attempts by learners to
acquire an idea of the movement, (Gentile, 1972) or understand the basic pattern of coordination
(Newell, 1985). To achieve these goals, learners must acknowledge; the way their muscles work
together, the subroutines of a skill, their individual practical learning process, and the way the
human brain processes information. Basketball is a team ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Image 4 further shows how I've thrown the ball to the hoop using two hands instead of one. My
weight continues to be back, and I'm further unbalanced as I land with two feet pressed together.
The outcome of my lay–up can be seen in image 5 as the ball travels over the top of the backboard
instead of rebounding off the top corner of the square, into the hoop. The outcome of my lay–up is
reflective of my inability to perform each subroutine effectively and without error, resulting in the
performance of a Cognitive stage learner.
3.0 Information Processing Theory
There are many different models that define the Information Processing Theory, all of which
describe how we think critically. Welford's model (Welford, 1968) suggests that we take in
information through our senses and temporarily store all of these inputs prior to sorting them out.
(Figure 1) A decision is made by comparing the information in the short–term memory with
previous experiences stored in the long–term memory. The first stage in the information–processing
model is called 'stimulus identification' (see figure 1). The person starts off by detecting the

stimulus, such as seeing the basketball approach them from a chest pass. The next stage is the
initiation of their response. The action of catching the ball and deciding what to do from their
current position comes into play in this section of the model. If the action of a lay–up is chosen, they
will then complete the movement and organise the

Information Integration Theory
With the age all of the numbers were very close together, so I think most just guessed. Which is why
the numbers are fairly consistent. With your father's occupation for me the pilot seemed plausible.
Maybe it wouldn't seem very likely if we lived anywhere else but with the wright Patterson air–
force base so close by it was a strong possibility that he could have been a pilot. Not just the Wright
Patt, but with Ohio being one of the birth places of aviation, the possibility got stronger. At least in
my mind. This pretty good example of the availability heuristic, "a tendency to estimate the odds
that an event will occur by how easily these instances come to mind." (Markus 123) With your
favorite music, which ended up being Jazz and R&B, I think most people looked at the age of our
instructor. A little bit older, so for most it seemed like Jazz would be a good bet, since it's seen as a
more adult form of music.I think people have a tendency to view intelligent people, like teachers
having a more mature taste in music, regardless of age. I did not guess R&B though, it is not
something that fits into the line of thinking we have for a teacher. But it's a nice surprise that it's one
of your favorites. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since it's close to fall, and we're all students, this vacation would be the ideal break for us. Then
when it comes to picking it out for you we think about what it's like to be a teacher, constantly
grading, and tending to the needs of your students. So it's easy to see why the majority of us picked
it for you. (We think teachers could use a

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing or OFDM is a modulation format that is being used
for many of the latest wireless and telecommunications standards.
OFDM has been adopted in the Wi–Fi arena where the standards like 802.11a, 802.11n, 802.11ac
and more. It has also been chosen for the cellular telecommunications standard LTE / LTE–A, and in
addition to this it has been adopted by other standards such as WiMAX and many more.
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing has also been adopted for a number of broadcast
standards from DAB Digital Radio to the Digital Video Broadcast standards, DVB. It has also been
adopted for other broadcast systems as well including Digital Radio Mondiale used for the long
medium and short wave bands. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The resulting signal is integrated over the symbol period to regenerate the data from that carrier. The
same demodulator also demodulates the other carriers. As the carrier spacing equal to the reciprocal
of the symbol period means that they will have a whole number of cycles in the symbol period and
their contribution will sum to zero – in other words there is no interference contribution.
The spectrum of an OFDM, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal
OFDM Spectrum
One requirement of the OFDM transmitting and receiving systems is that they must be linear. Any
non–linearity will cause interference between the carriers as a result of inter–modulation distortion.
This will introduce unwanted signals that would cause interference and impair the orthogonality of
the transmission.
In terms of the equipment to be used the high peak to average ratio of multi–carrier systems such as
OFDM requires the RF final amplifier on the output of the transmitter to be able to handle the peaks
whilst the average power is much lower and this leads to inefficiency. In some systems the peaks are
limited. Although this introduces distortion that results in a higher level of data errors, the system
can rely on the error correction to remove them.
Data on OFDM
The data to be transmitted on an OFDM signal is spread across the carriers of the signal, each carrier
taking part of the payload. This reduces the data rate taken by each carrier. The lower data rate has

Information Theory : The Backbone Of Modern Communication
Research Question How can information theory be utilized to improve efficiency of communication
and data storage in modern computing networks?
Literature Review Information theory: the backbone of modern communication. Before Claude
Shannon published his groundbreaking paper A Mathematical Theory of Communication,
information as a quantity was poorly understood. A Mathematical Theory of Communciation put
forth the foundation of information theory, the mathematical study of information and its properties
(Cruise, 2014e). Through information theory, scientists and mathematicians have created quantative
measures of structural complexity, compressability, communication complexity, and information
content, providing a scholarly way ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Information Theory Entropy. In order to discuss information theory in relation to computer science,
one must first understand the tenants of the theory. The primary keystone of information theory sits
in Shannon 's definition of the amount of information a source generates, measured by Shannon 's
entropy. Shannon's entropy also defines the limit of compression of a message from a particular
source, as data cannot be compressed beyond its information content without loss. As stated above,
the entropy of an information source is H(x) = , or the negative sum across the entire message space
of the probability of the ith symbol 's occurrence times the base 2 log of the probability of the ith
symbol 's occurrence. Consider an information source that is randomly generating lowercase letters
from the English alphabet. Since each symbol has an equal probability of (1/26), H(x) can simplify
to , and since 26 and 1/26 cancel, the entropy of the source, or the amount of information it provides
per symbol, evaluates to log2 1/26, or ~4.7 bits per symbol. Now imagine our source only transmits
letters a–e, with probability increasing across the list, from 1/7 to ⅓. The entropy of the source
evaluates to {–(1/7 log sub 2 1/7 + ⅙ log sub 2 ⅙ +

Describe Basic Procedures In Using The Radio Research Paper
Module 9: Briefly describe basic procedures in using the radio: call–up, acknowledgement, length of
broadcast, etc. There a two call–up methods: Call–up Method 1 and Call–up Method 2. An example
of Method 1 is "Unit One, Dispatch. An example of Method 2 is Dispatch, Unit One. Broadcast
should be brief and to the point. It is a common practice for radio broadcasts to be no longer than 30
seconds. It is also important to speak clearly and slowly and use plain language instead of 10–codes.
The telecommunicator should immediately acknowledge all transmission. Module 10: Briefly
describe how a multi–site trunked radio system works. In comparison to other radio systems, multi–
site trunked radio systems provide the best coverage. Multi–site

Career Theories Based Off Information
Career Theories Based off information received in the interview, it appears that artistic (A) would
likely be his strongest area in the Holland code. He enjoys activities that allow him to be creative.
This is true in work and in leisure. He currently enjoys the creativity in his work, and enjoyed it as a
cook, as well. Plus, he enjoys painting and music. His artistic side was a theme throughout the
interview. While the artistic side is clear, I would also theorize that he could fall under investigative
(I) and (C) He enjoys taking things apart and putting them back together again (I) and he is good
with tedious tasks and technology (C). Potentially, he could be an AIC. Furthermore, I would
theorize that his MBTI preference could be an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He has fear around losing that stability. There is a part of him that is cycling back to earlier stages,
but the logistics of his life are a huge consideration for him. Several aspects of the interviewee's
career are in congruence. Congruence is a part of Holland's (2014) theory that defines if an
individual is in an environment that fits their type. The interviewee does work in a creative
environment, he does get to observe and investigate, and the use of technology plays a role. Also,
his work does require some tedious tasks, which is one thing that was named as a strength. Also, I
could theorize that this interviewee is at a level 3 in Holland's theory. I believe this to be true since
he struggles with seeing himself making a job change. However, certain aspects of the theorized
MBTI preference would not necessarily be in congruence. The fact that he does not feel like there is
room for growth is one reason why his MBTI score might not fit well with what he is currently
doing. Krumboltz (2014) theory could be useful for this client. This theory normalizes anxiety and
emphasizes the importance of meeting the client where they are. Given the want for change, but
anxiety around changing careers – this could be beneficial for the interviewee. It appears to be a
more holistic approach that I believe would work well for this individual. This particular person is
currently struggling with decision–making and Krumboltz does not view

Network Theory Information Flow Based Theory And Control...
Cyber–physical systems:–
Abstract: – Security is one of the important aspect in deciding the reliability of any system and
Cyber – Physical systems cannot be ruled out from this important issue. In this paper we investigate
the security issues in CPS, enforcing sensor network theory information flow based theory and
control theory in CPS which are the three primary approaches to system security policies and
mechanisms. In brief we will categorize attacks based on these three primary approaches and also
discuss some of the mitigations to inflate the growth of CPS in terms of security.
What is a Cyber Physical system:–
CPS is a well–integrated computational and physical process, which sense the physical world
interact with the physical world and control the entities pertaining to the physical world. It is the
amalgamation of communication computation and control. CPS perform their activities in such a
way that their behavior is constrained by the laws of physics.
According to David A Mindell, "The era of cyberspace and the internet, with its emphasis on
computer as a communication device and as a vehicle for human interactions connect to a longer
history of control systems that generated computers as networked communication device."
The commerce, entertainment and friendship these three different subjects from history has taught
us three basic lessons
1. Cyber system should be a part of systems design.
2. Cyber System is a support service that should not hinder usability

Nt1310 Unit 4
7.1 What is the relationship between the bandwidth of a signal before and after it at has been
encoded using spread spectrum? When fed into a channel encoder it yields an analog signal with a
relatively narrow bandwidth around some center frequency. Therefore, is wider before and after
being encoded (Stallings, 2005, p. 160). 7.2 List three benefits of spread spectrum. 1. Helps provides
immunity for various kinds of noise and multipath distortion, other words, can be used for anti–
jamming (Stallings, 2005, p. 161). 2. Can be used for both hiding and encrypting signals. (Stallings,
2005, p. 161). 3. Multiple users can individually use the same higher bandwidth very slight
interference. This property is used in cellular applications and is known as CDM or CDMA
(Stallings, 2005, p. 161). 7.5 What is direct sequence spread spectrum? ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In direct sequence spread spectrum, the torrent of information to be transmitted is divided into small
pieces and each allotted across to a frequency channel across the spectrum (Rouse, 2015). An
informational signal at the point of transmission is added with a higher data–rate bit sequence,
which is referred to a chipping code that splits the information by way of a spreading ratio (Rouse,
2015). This redundant chipping code provides the signal the ability to resist interference and also
allows the original information to be recovered if informational bits are damaged during
transmission (Rouse,

Information Processing Theory
Entertaining Speech An entertaining speech is one whose sole purpose is to have the audience enjoy
the presentation. The purpose of an entertaining speech is not to educate, inform or inspire ... it is to
make the audience smile, relax, enjoy and maybe even laugh their heads off. How do you make a
speech entertaining? There are many ways to entertain an audience. You can: * tell jokes * tell funny
stories * dramatize an anecdote * tell a scary story When it comes right down to it ... there are
probably as many ways to entertain as there are entertainers ... and audiences. That said, there are
some guidelines to creating an entertaining speech. * Chose an appropriate topic: You don't want the
topic to be too dense, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
... You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea, and air. War with all our might
and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never
surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our policy. * You ask, what
is our aim? I can answer in one word. It is victory. Victory at all costs–Victory in spite of all terrors–
Victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival. * My heart
goes out in sympathy to anyone who is making his first appearance before an audience of human
beings. By a direct process of memory I go back forty years, less one month–for I'm older than I
look. * I recall the occasion of my first appearance. San Francisco knew me then only as a reporter,
and I was to make my bow to San Francisco as a lecturer. I knew that nothing short of compulsion
would get me to the theater. So I bound myself by a hard–and–fast contract so that I could not
escape. I got to the theater forty–five minutes before the hour set for the lecture. My knees were
shaking so that I didn't know whether I could stand up. If there is an awful, horrible malady in the
world, it is stage fright–and seasickness. They are a pair. I had stage fright then for the first and last
time. I was only seasick once, too. I was on a little ship on

Discrete Fiber Angle Representation : What Is Laminates?
(1) Discrete Fiber Angle Representation: The laminate is directly modelled with discrete fiber
orientation angles at each point in the structure yielding different stacking sequences. The laminate
is usually discretized based on the underlying discretization of the structure such as the finite
element [17] or cellular automata discretization [18]. Several authors have used direct fiber
orientation angle modelling to design variable stiffness laminates. Hyer and Charrete were among
the first to investigate variable stiffness laminates by aligning the fibers with the principal directions
of the stress field where strength was enhanced without accounting for buckling [19]. A follow up
study was conducted by Hyer and Lee to improve buckling ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The major benefit of using a GA is that it does not require gradient information which is generally
computationally expensive. Several authors worked on developing genetic algorithms and
improving the genetic operators as well as fine tuning parameters [29,30,31]. However, they can be
computationally expensive for more complex design problems and suffer from local optima and
convergence issues especially when coupled with finite element analysis [32,33]. (2) Fiber Path
Parameterization: This is achieved by using a curvilinear function to describe the fiber path. Gürdal
and Olmedo were the first to introduce a fiber path parameterization where the fiber orientation
angle varies linearly [34]. The linear angle variation was later generalized by Tatting and Gürdal to
vary linearly along an arbitrarily defined axis where it was used to design variable stiffness
laminates for strength [7,35,36], thermomechanical response [37], and coupled strength–buckling
optimization problems [38,39]. Nagendra et al. used global fiber paths constructed by linear
combination of non–uniform rational B–splines (NURBS). They studied optimal frequency and
buckling load design where the design variables where multipliers of the different basis fiber paths
[40]. Alhajahmad et al. used a non–linear fiber path expressed in terms of more complex functions
such as Lobatto polynomials to increase the number of design variables and achieve better

Tone Injection Essay
This technique increases the constellation size so that each of the point in the original basic
constellation can be mapped into several equivalent points in the expanded constellation. Since
substituting a point in the basic constellation for a new point in the larger constellation is equivalent
to injecting a tone of the appropriate frequency and phase in the multicarrier signal, therefore, this
technique is called tone injection. The extra degrees of freedom, which is generated as each symbol
in the data block can be mapped into one of the several equivalent constellation points, can be
utilized for peak to average power ratio reduction. The distance between the original and extended
points is D. The receiver remains unaltered. D is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Various works are available in literature mainly focusing on complexity reduction of optimization
problem. A gradient algorithm is proposed where the gradient of clipping noise mean square error is
calculated and optimization of signal to clipping noise ratio is done in place of peak to average
power ratio and order of complexity is O(N). A truncated IDFT algorithm is proposed where in place
of calculating entire IDFT values, it calculates on maximal IDFT element thus reducing complexity
of optimization process. The basic idea is to divide the group in two halves of N/2 and leave the half
with lesser energy and move in similar way till we reach the maximum energy element, however
this scheme may not always give correct maximal IDFT element, it also costs in lower peak to
average power ratio reduction. For designing the peak cancelling signal clipping noise is analysed
and several iterations of clipping and filtering are used till desired peak cancellation signal is
generated. References also proposed an adaptive–scaling algorithm and constant–scaling algorithm
for tone reservation. LSA–TR method with fast convergence is proposed which is based on least
square approximation and used to find the peak cancelling signal faster than clipping control TR
method. References used genetic algorithm to find the optimal PRC set, it also discussed an adaptive
amplitude clipping tone reservation algorithm (AAC–TR) to solve the optimization

Developing A Theory Of Information Science Research
Developing a Theory in Information Science Research: A Review of Experts' Advice
Abstract
Despite the growing number of theories within the field of information science, it still remains a
difficult task for some emerging scholars in the field to clearly articulate the development of new
theories from research studies. This paper reviewed and collated the different views of scholars on
what a theory is and how a good theory can be developed. It explains the concept of a theory and the
different components that make up a theory. The paper discusses the different processes of theory
development by emphasizing what theory is and what theory is not. This review found that scholars
differ in their definition of a theory, which led to using terms such as model, paradigm, framework
and theory interchangeably. It found the lack of theoretical construct in a study to be one of the
factors why articles are rejected for publication. It pointed that producing a paper that contributes to
theory rests on the ability of scholars to develop original and new ideas that bring something
insightful into scholarship, which can be applied to bring about fresh thinking. This paper may be of
benefit to researchers, especially younger academics who are the future of scholarship in the field of
information science and other disciplines.
Introduction
Studies with strong theoretical perspectives are often regarded as adding value to any field of
learning. It is therefore essential for scholars

Analysis Of HEVC Intra Networking
In this paper, we present a deeper CNN based network for artifact reduction in HEVC intra coding.
Our proposed approach is inspired by the current success of low–level computer vision model
VDSR [3] and JPEG artifact reduction model ARCNN [6]. Fig. 1 shows the HEVC decoder block
diagram with newly incorporated MDCNN network and a model parameter driven block. In this
architecture the SAO filter is replaced with our proposed MDCNN architecture for our experiments.
Our CNN based network takes the compressed image from HEVC encode as input and outputs the
reconstructed residual image. The overall network contains six convolutional layers, a) feature
extraction b) shrinking c) feature enhancement1 d) feature enhancement2 e) mapping f) ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The network settings are described in Table I, and represented as 64(9)–32(1)–32(5) – 32(3)–64(1)–
1[9]–s. We used a strided convolution and deconvolution technique with stride s > 1 for network
speed up. In our experiment we consider Y luminance color components only and the compressed
luminance frames become input to MDCNN network. There is no max pooling or full–connected
(FC) layers in our network. Rectified Linear Unit (ReLu) max (0, X) [19] is applied on the filter
responses. Our CNN network is designed to learn the residue between output and input frame, as
there is lots of similarity between them. So the final output frame F(Y) is just a combination of input
frame and learnt residual frame. Fig. 2. Framework of MDCNN network consists of six
convolutional layers B. Loss function and Model Learning Given a set of ground truth images {Xi}
and their corresponding compressed images {Yi}, we use Mean Squared Error (MSE) as the loss
function: Where Θ = {W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6}, n is the number of
training samples. Our goal is to learn a model that predicts values Fi. Learning the end–to–end
mapping function F requires the estimation of parameters Θ. This is achieved through minimizing
the loss between reconstructed residual images Fi (Yi; Θ) and corresponding ground truth frames Xi.
The loss is minimized using stochastic gradient descent with the standard back propagation [23]. We
adopt a batch–mode

Biblep Case Study
Answer a) To prove that the BUBBLESORT actually sorts, we need to show that the A' and A
contains the same elements. Since the only operation that we perform during bubblesort is swapping
of elements within the array, it is pretty straightforward to conclude that the A' and A contains same
elements.
Answer b) Loop Invariant: At the start of each iteration (j) of the for loop (lines 2–4), A[j] contains
the smallest element in the range (j ... A.length). Also, the elements in the range (j... A.length) are
the rearrangement of the original elements in the range (j... A.length).
Initialization: At the first iteration when j = A.length, the only element present in the range (j ...
A.length) is A[A.length]. It is pretty straightforward to conclude ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Termination: At the termination, all the elements in the original array are now in the sorted order.
Answer d) Since for each iteration of the outer loop, there is an inner for loop which runs for (n – i)
iterations , we can conclude that the worst case running time of the bubble sort algorithm is Θ (n2).
Both the insertion sort and the bubble sort has the worst case running time of Θ (n2).
Question 2–4
Answer a) The five inversions of the array (2, 3, 8, 6, 1) are (2, 1) , (3, 1), (8, 1), (6, 1) and (8, 6).
Answer b) Set A = {1, 2, 3, 4...... n}
The number of inversions for an array is maximum when the array is sorted in decreasing order.
So, for the given set A, the number of inversion will be maximum when it is sorted in decreasing
order.
Array with maximum inversions, A = [n, n – 1, n – 2, n – 3 ......... 1]
To calculate the number of inversions, we should keep in mind that the array is in descending
order and for every pair of elements in the array, we will have 1 inversion.

Number of inversions = ((n – 1)+ (n – 2)+ ( n – 3)+ ......... + 1) = (n ( n – 1))/2
Answer c) The running time of insertion sort is proportional to the number of inversions. By careful
analysis of the inner while loop in the insertion sort, we can see that each iteration of while loop is
equal to 1 inversion in the array. We can conclude that the total number of inversions is

Essay about What´s Cooperative Space-time Coding?
Literature Survey: Cooperative diversity for a simple three–terminal relay channel was first
introduced in [12]. Later, in [1], several improvements were made in capacity bounds and
cooperative schemes, such as decode–and–forward, were introduced. Modifications to amplify–and–
forward scheme were proposed in [13–16]. Based on these, more relaying schemes were introduced
in [17–24]. The performance and other characteristics of the aforementioned schemes in several
environments were studied in [17–27]. Extensions to a multi–terminal, multihop network were made
in [13–17], where a clustered model and ad hoc network architecture were studied and useful results
for transmit and receive diversity gains and relaying strategies were obtained. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Multiple–input multiple–output (MIMO) [2, 3, 30, 31] systems were introduced in order to enhance
the performance of the wireless communications systems to provide robustness, high data rates, and
reliability by overcoming the channel fading with the use of multiple antennas. A MIMO system
offers redundancy through the multiple independent channels, which are created between the
transmitting and the receiving antennas of the system. Using multiple–input multiple output
systems, significant improvements are made in the coverage ranges of the communication systems
and the data throughput without the need for additional transmission power or bandwidth expansion.
Cooperative diversity can also be used to increase the coverage area (e.g., cellular networks) as was
investigated in [2] For decode and forward if no MRC is deployed then the optimum location is
midway between the source and the destination, but if MRC is used then the optimum location is
towards the source as derived in [2]. A distributed relay assignment algorithm was also given in [2].
It also addresses the problem of relay–source assignment. The optimum locations of relay for
decode and forward and amplify and forward have also been proposed by the author.
Simon, Marvin K et al., in [3] presented a unified approach to evaluating the error rate performance
of digital communication system over fading channels. The classical relay channel was introduced
by Van der Meulen [4] models a three terminal

Information Processing Theory
The information processing theory approach to the study of cognitive development evolved out of
the American experimental tradition in psychology. Developmental psychologists who adopt the
information–processing perspective account for mental development in terms of maturation changes
in basic components of a child's mind. The theory is based on the idea that humans process the
information they receive, rather than merely responding to stimuli. This perspective equates the
mind to a computer, which is responsible for analyzing information from the environment.
According to the standard information–processing model for mental development, the mind's
machinery includes attention mechanisms for bringing information in, working memory for ... Show
ADHD
Finding the right spot
The "good neighbor"
Time limits and schedules
Dealing with disorganization
Controlling distractions
Avoiding social problems.
Memory has the ability to encode, store and recall information. Memories give an organism the
capability to learn and adapt from previous experiences as well as build relationships. Encoding
allows the perceived item of use or interest to be converted into a construct that can be stored within
the brain and recalled later from short term or long term memory. Working memory stores
information for immediate use or manipulation which is aided through hooking onto previously
archived items already present in the long–term memory of an individual.
Storage in human memory is one of three core process of memory, along with Recall and Encoding.
It refers to the retention of information, which has been achieved through the encoding process, in
the brain for a prolonged period of time until it is accessed through recall. Modern memory
psychology differentiates the two distinct type of memory storage: short–term memory and long–
term memory. In addition, different memory models have suggested variations of existing short–
term and long–term memory to account for different ways of storing memory
Recall in memory refers to the retrieval of events or information from the

System Theory Of Information Systems Essay
System Theory
Information systems can be classified into four types. These type are highly recognizable within an
organization, mainly for its effectiveness in terms of interpreting information. Information systems
are both manage by people such as analysts and automated systems such as databases servers, in a
way they complement each other. Its aim is to assist and maintain the management, operation, and
decision making of the organization's day to day procedures.
The first level of an Information Systems is the Transaction Processing Systems this system is
basically use to input, store, and output data transactions in an organization. Using this system we
can expect to have a very fast response due to today's demands that require immediate action, for
example making payments to a vendor. Since the data is stored we can say that TPS is very reliable
and low chance of failure rate. If failure does occur, individuals can easily modify data to resolve the
problem.
The second level of an Information system is the Management Information Systems (MIS) they are
mainly designed to make a summarized report for manager to use to evaluate business performance
to further improve its effectiveness and efficiency. The collected data in the first level of information
system (TPS) is transferred to MIS to be analyse to maximize the organization's overall system.
The Decision support systems (DSS) is the third level of the information system. It is primarily a
computer application program

Information Centric Network And Developing Channel Coding...
CE301 – Initial Report Comparing Internet Routing Protocols Benjamin Richard Bajek 1201731
Computer Networks (3Yr) First supervisor – Dr Nikolas Thomos Secord supervisor – Dr Arsenla
(Ersi) Chorti Contents: Project Overview 3 Background Reading 3–5 Information–Centric Network
3– Introduction 3 Information–Centric Network Components 3–4 ICN Naming scheme 3 ICN
Routing and Forwarding 3–4 ICN Caching 4 Information–Centric Network Approaches 4 Network
of information (NetInf) 4 Named Data Networking (NDN) 4 Publish–Subscribe Architecture 4
Summary of Different ICN Approaches 5 Channel Coding 5 References 6 Project Goals ... Show
The current solution as TCP/IP becomes inefficient and subjects to certain problems. An example of
this, to search for content, the content must be mapped to a host, and then DNS translates the host
name to the location i.e. IP address. The two–step mapping incurs access overhead. Security is an
issue since the security coupled to the host. The host becomes a target for security attacks. Also IP is
stateless so they cannot be caching capability; the same request would be made times, this lead to
unnecessary bandwidth usage. This prompted the research into move the architecture from a host–
centric to information–centric. Information–Centric Network Components ICN naming scheme
Information unit in ICN is called Named Data Object (NDO). This can be any type of content. This
contents location– independent identifier (name), data, and possibly a metadata. NDO can be
identified by multiple names. Each ICN approached the design of the NDO differently. They are two
commonly used schemes are flat and hierarchical naming. Most recent ICN allow hybrid naming.
Hierarchical Naming – The format is similar to URL, enhances scalability since name prefix can be
aggregated the same way as the URL, and more coherent to the existing IP networks. Also name is
user–friendly; therefore it is easy to remember. Security vulnerability since the

Limitations Of Wireless Communication
INTRODUCTION
There are lots of challenges occurs for reliable wireless communication which occurs due to
physical limitations of the wireless medium. There has been massive growth occurs in wireless
communication which is due to the techniques that improves spectral efficiency and mitigate various
channel impairments such as fading and interference. Moreover there is always demand for high
speed wireless internet and technologies which are capable of providing higher capacities and link
reliabilities. Multiple–input–multiple–output (MIMO) is based on communication system which is
able to fulfil these objectives. MIMO is an expansion of smart antennas systems. There were
traditional smart antennas which occupy multiple antennas at receiver, whereas In MIMO system
multiple antennas are engaged at both sides at transmitter as well as receiver side. The multiple
antennas at the transmitter and the receiver side provide a major advantage over traditional smart
antenna systems–in terms of capacity and diversity advantage. The multipath propagation by MIMO
system is a remarkably advantage over other antennas system. Moreover it is able to provide
independent fading channels between every pair of transmitter and receiver antennas.
The rapid improvement in communication system with high data rates and improved channel
capacity has pondered towards the study of both theoretical and practical in wireless communication
systems. Wireless communication system has made great effort to

Information Processing Theory: Influencing Cognition
Information Processing Theory: Influencing Cognition
Historically, viable theoretical models have been developed and applied throughout the history of
the field of psychology in an attempt to better understand how the human mind receives, processes,
stores, and retrieves information. Understanding how the human brain receives, processes, stores,
and recalls information is significantly important to psychological research of cognitive
development and identifying deficiencies in learning. The vast compilation of theoretical views
regarding brain functioning and cognitive development are sometimes overwhelming and
contradictory, however a basic framework from valid and reliable theoretical views appears to be
dominant among the masses. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Consequently, such theories have suggested modalities that may be employed to administer and
command instructional and environmental stimuli.
Modern Application. The information processing theory has been an instrumental model for creating
developmental foundation in the education field and in neurological inconsistencies or deficiencies
in learning and memory. Modern psychologists no longer accept the concept that the process of
learning is sequential or linear, and cognitive neuroscience research suggests that the information
processing model doesn't accurately reflect actual neurological processes. More current theories, e.g.
the parallel distributed processing model of cognition, reveal neuroscience evidence which may
explain some, if not all, of the immense velocity and affluence of human cognition. "The parallel–
distributed processing model states that information is processed simultaneously by several different
parts of the memory system, rather than sequentially as hypothesized by Atkinson–Shiffrin as well
as Craik and Lockhart" (Huit, 2003).
Conclusion. Several theories, regarding information processing, center on diverse aspects of
receiving, encoding, storing and retrieving information. Most

An Evaluation of Information Security and Risk Management...
An abundance of information security and risk management theories are prevalent; however, it can
be difficult to identify valid and applicable theories. In the reading to follow, several information
security and risk management theories are evaluated. These theories are presented and employed via
various frameworks, models, and best practice guidelines. An assessment of sufficient research
pertaining to these theories is addressed, along with a consideration of the challenges that arise from
a lack of research.
Theories
The evolution and understanding of the importance of information security and risk management
originates from the awareness for the potential of IT in business functions and as a business enabler.
This was then ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (COBIT). Originally published in 1996,
COBIT is a globally recognized framework centered on controls pertaining to IT governance
(Burch, 2008). The Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA) established the
framework in conjunction with the IT Governance Institute. As the framework has evolved to
encompass the management of IT in addition to IT governance, COBIT 5 was unveiled in April of
2012 and declared by ISACA to be "...the only business framework for the governance and
management of enterprise IT" (ISACA, 2012c). COBIT 5 for Information Security has also been
developed by ISACA and is intended to be an encompassing framework to link together with other
frameworks and information security best practices. Such frameworks and standards that COBIT 5
for Information Security is complemented by include ISACA's Business Model for Information
Security (BMIS), the Information Security Forum's (ISF) Standard of Good Practice, the ISO/IEC
27000 series, NIST SP 800–53a, and PCI–DSS (ISACA, 2012a; ISACA, 2012b).
International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO has developed countless internationally
recognized standards in conjunction with the International Electric Commission (IEC). As declared
by Burch (2008):
ISO has developed more than 16,000 international standards for stakeholders such as industry and

Process, Information Theory And The Creation Of Systems
Process, Information Theory and the Creation of Systems
Introduction
1– The Relevance of Theory
2– Information Theories and Reading Frames
3– How much Information Can Be Stored in a Piece of Matter?
4– Whitehead's Process Philosophy
5– Philosophy and Natural Science
6– Component–Systems
7– Referential and Nonreferential Information
8– Where is Information Stored in Systems?
9– Computation. Construction and Self–Reference
10– Conclusion
Introduction:
This chapter is discussing the point of view that information has two different phases
1– Recording and owning the Knowledge.
2– Actions to bring the process forward.
Both of the phases are important to each other.
Information started theoretically and technically in a practical way, that restrict the attention to the
transition and processing of information and the required effective resources.
Shannon Theory, discussed the possible usage of information to define the required transmission
Channels' bandwidth of high frequency transmission channels.
Also Ashby discussed the required controllers for each control system.
There is a well known wrong assumption that information forms with the aid of what achieved at the
highest level of abstraction.
As well as the uncertain statement (Information theory is a theory of information) which caused a
severe damage to the knowledge process universally. Also Shannon warned from the assumptions
that consider theories deal alone with the measure that is determinable with a certain given

Improvements Of Block Based Pass
Improvements of Block Based Pass Parallel Algorithm in Image Compression Dhivya.T1 1Student,
Dept. of ECE, Vivekananda College of Engineering for Women,dhivyatkalai@gmail.com
Nirmala.R2 2Assistant professor, Dept of ECE, Vivekananda College of Engineering for
Women,nirdha06@gmail.com Abstract¬––– A block based pass parallel SPIHT is one of the widely
used compression algorithm for wavelet transformed images. BPS is much simpler and faster than
many existing compression techniques. The drawback of existing method is a poor quality,
compression block size of the image is large and the compression efficiency is very low. In this
paper we discussed about various compression algorithm to overcome this problem. In improvement
of block based pass parallel algorithm carry select adder is used to enhance the speed, efficiency and
to reduce area. Index term–––Block Based Pass Parallel algorithm (BPS), Set partitioning in
hierarchical trees (SPIHT) I. INTRODUCTION Digital images are very large in size and occupy
large storage space. They take larger bandwidth and take more time for upload and download
through the internet. In order to overcome this problem various compression algorithms are used.
Wavelet based image coding, such as the JPEG2000 standard, is widely used because of its high
compression efficiency. There are three important wavelet–based image coding algorithms are used
that have embedded coding property enabling easy bit rate control with progressive

Turbo Code is Formed from the Parallel Concatenation of...
The first turbo code, based on convolutional encoding, was introduced in 1993 by Berrou etal. Since
then, several schemes have been proposed and the term "turbo codes" has been generalized to cover
block codes as well as convolutional codes. Simply put, a turbo code is formed from the parallel
concatenation of two codes separated by an interleaver. The turbo principle is a general way of
processing data in receivers so that no information is wasted. This technique corresponds to an
iterative exchange of soft information between different blocks in a communications receiver in
order to improve overall system performance. It has opened up a new way of thinking in the
construction of communication algorithms. This method was introduced in a system of error control
for data transmission, called turbo code. This family of Forward Error Codes (FEC) consists of two
key design innovations: concatenated encoding and iterative decoding.
The turbo principle has been extended into new receiver topologies such as turbo detection, turbo
equalization, turbo–coded modulation, turbo MIMO, etc. In the case of transmission systems with
interference, such an iterative receiver, known as turbo equalizer or turbo detector achieves
significant gains in BER performance, compared with a non–iterative scheme. However, the design
of high throughput, low complexity and low latency architectures for a receiver that contains an
iterative process is a great challenge.
The Orthogonal Frequency Division

What Is Data Science?
What is Data Science? A. Data Science is the extraction of learning from information. We can also
say that data science is the study or collection of information from various sources and turn it into
valuable data for business and IT fields. According to IBM estimation, what is the percent of the
data in the world today that has been created in the past two years? A. An entire 90 percent of all the
data on the world has been produced throughout the most recent two years. What is the value of
petabytestorage? A. 1 PB = 1000000000000000 B = 1015bytes = 1000 terabytes. For each course,
both foundation and advanced, you find at
http://datascience.berkeley.edu/academics/curriculum/briefly state (in 2 to 3 lines) what they offer?
Based on the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The motivation by author is to compose this paper and plotting important contentions originates
from the way that Big Data have turned into the a piece of our lives and Big Data stows away in it
the answers for some issues in any industry. As a truth, Big Data gives crude fixings to construct
tomorrow 's incredible machines. We bolster the way that Big Data will inevitably assume control
over the universe of innovation and web. Enormous Data will assume part to get it human as we all
human are information specialists. What are the 7 v's mentioned in the paper? Briefly describe each
V in one paragraph. A. The 7 v's mentioned in the paper are as followed. They are Volume: The
point of preference got from the ability to process a ton of information is the essential interest of
tremendous data examination. Having more data beats having better models. This volume
demonstrates the most provoke test to standard IT structures. It calls for adaptable stockpiling, and a
coursed approach to manage addressing. Various associations starting now have a ton of reported
data, possibly as logs,

Essay about Claude Shannon's Contribution to Cryptography
Before approaching Claude Shannon's contribution to Cryptography, one must look at his prior work
in particular in the field of information theory, a field he theorized in his 1948 paper A Mathematical
Theory of Information. Shannon introduced a lot of the ideas that were mentioned and developed in
this revolutionary paper to the scientific community in his 1945 paper entitled A Mathematical
Theory of Cryptography.
Indeed, during the Second World War, Shannon decided to join the Bell Labs, a research facility
concentrating many prominent scientists of the time who decided to use their talent to serve the war
effort. While he was working at the Bell Labs, the facility was in charge of many secret projects
such as the development of the X ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, according to Shannon himself, what really launched him into the theorization of
information was Ralph Hartley's paper Transmission of Information. This paper developed "a
measure of information that could in principle be used for discrete or continuous signals." Hartley's
publication also proved that a channel's bandwidth defines how much information can be sent
through it. Since a channel's bandwidth was limited and since continuous signals could be broken
down in small steps before being sent through the channel, Hartley concluded that if the steps were
small enough, the approximated signal would be not only close but identical to the original signal.
Finally, Hartley realized that information could be the "resolving of uncertainty." He developed a
mathematical formula according to this concept to quantify the amount of information in a message
but unfortunately, this formula was not complex enough and could not be applied to cases in which
the constituents of a message did not have all the same chances of being selected. Indeed, "in written
English for instance, some letters are used more frequently than others." Hartley's formula would
not work when trying to encode sentences for example because he couldn't model the fact that the
letter E had more chances to be selected than any other.
Nonetheless, Shannon realized the potential of these discoveries and went on

Research Paper On Audio Steganography
Abstract–Abundant use of electronic communication has paved way for transmitting information
securely. Security has its importance and application in wide area. It is a measure of human
negligence, in desire to enclose the latest technological inventions. This measure may have drastic
effect on human conception to the positioning of application, which needs a determined concern in
terms of security. Audio steganography is the science of hiding some secret text or audio files in a
host audio file by using different algorithms to retrieve the original data. The main challenge in
audio steganography is to obtain high payload and efficiency.
There are wide varieties of techniques such as LSB, parity coding, phase coding, spread spectrum
etc., are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus steganography is said to be a covert communication. In contrast to Cryptography, where the
enemy is allowed to detect, intercept and modify messages without being able to violate certain
security premises guaranteed by a cryptosystem, the goal of Steganography is to hide messages
inside other harmless messages in a way that does not allow any enemy to even detect that there is a
presence of second message [1]. Both steganography and cryptography are meant for secret
communication but the approach is different. Hiding of secret message using steganography can be
done in different forms like text steganography, image steganography, audio steganography and
video steganography. Encoding secret messages in audio is the most challenging task while using
steganography because human auditory system (HAS) is more perceptive than human visual system
(HVS) [5]. Thus audio file is used as a cover file to hide secret data and it is called audio
steganography. In Audio steganography, secret message is embedded into digitized audio signal
which results into altering the binary sequence of corresponding audio file. There are several
methods are available for audio

Network Management And Security :
P r e e t V i m a l c h a n d J a i n P a g e | 1
Homework 3
CS 696
Network Management and Security
Fall 2014
1. Have you thought more the project? How would you measure your success on the project? What
are some concrete objectives and how much work do you think is involved?
Yes I have thought more about the project as well searching and reading research papers so that I
can get overview and understand the concepts in detail. I would measure it as it will help me to learn
the skills of networking and also would give me a habit to read research papers and learn more about
technologies. Currently, I am not sure the amount of work involved as I am still searching and
reading papers and gathering as much information I can get.
2. For the APT1 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also, the attackers used Chinese keyboard to attack the users and used Chinese language which may
help the cyber authority to trace the IP of the attacker and the region of the attacker.
3. What is information entropy? Why do you want a lot of entropy in your password?
Information entropy is the average amount of information contained in each message received.
Here, message stands for an event, sample or character drawn from a distribution or data stream.
Basically, it tells us how much information is there in an event. In general, the more random the
event is, the more information it will contain. Entropy thus characterizes our uncertainty about our
source of information. The source is also characterized by the probability distribution of the samples
drawn from it. The idea here is that the less likely an event is, the more information it provides when
it occurs. The concept of entropy was created by a mathematician. He was named Claude Elwood
Shannon. Entropy is average information, it is also measured in Shannons, nats, or hartleys,
depending on the base of the logarithm used to define it. It has applications in many areas like
lossless data compression, cryptography and other disciplines like biology, physics or machine
learning.
We need a lot of entropy in our password because of the following reasons:
P r e e t V i m a l c h a n d J a i n P a g e | 2
Firstly, entropy is a measure of the disorder in a data sample which means "more the data

The Theory, Cognitive, And Information Processing
Learning has become a central focus in this fast developing world. Education is becoming more and
more valuable due to economic advancements. According to text on page 307, "Learning can be
defined as a relatively permanent influence on behavior, knowledge and thinking skills that comes
about through experience." Each person has a unique way of learning, and for a child, it is the
teacher 's responsibility to understand how each child learns. There are several different learning
theories. However, we will be discussing these three main theories Behavioral, Social Cognitive,
and Information Processing. Behaviorism is everything that we can directly observe. According to
the text on page 308, "For the behaviorist, behavior is everything that we do, both verbal or
nonverbal, that can be directly seen or heard." The learner starts off as a clean sheet of paper through
positive or negative reinforcement behavior is shaped. In contradiction, punishment positive or
negative decreases the probability that the previous behavior will happen again. Behaviorism is for
beginner developing mind who is starting to learn something new, or for training a pet. For example,
as I recently started learning bicycle riding; as a beginner, I was told to sit on the bike while my
instructor who happened to be my husband hold the bike from behind, as I push down on the pedals
with my feet to move the bike. At this point, balancing is an important part of riding the bike as I
started to

Paper Display The Adjusted Fix Radio Wire For 3ghz Recurrence
The paper display the adjusted fix radio wire for 3GHz recurrence, in the paper distinctive
methodologies is delivered by fluctuating opening and DGS into the reception apparatus, proposed
recieving wire gives double band operation and shows great recreated comes about for two
recurrence groups. Return loss of conclusive outline was – 11.75 dB for 3 GHz recurrence and
VSWR of 1.68 and – 17.86dB and VSWR of 1.28 for 5GHz frequency.[7] In the paper DGS is
utilized to builds the pick up and diminishes the misfortunes in the reception apparatus misfortunes
in the radio wire reductions to 16dB in the wake of applying DGS transfer speed of the recieving
wire is marginally lessened the proposed radio wire reproduced utilizing HFSS programming ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
[11] Paper is to outline an alternate microstrip fix recieving wire with Defect Ground Structure
(DGS) for productive rectenna plan. This reception apparatus having the property of high music
dismissal at undesirable frequencies at 2.0131GHz, and 2.457GHz, 2.565GHz as the composed
recurrence is 1.3 GHz and return misfortune is diminished around 43.17%by the DGS structure.[12]
An I–molded microstrip line is utilized to energize the square opening. The turned square opening is
inserted amidst the ground plane, and its slanting focuses are embedded amidst the strip line and
ground plane. To build the increase, four L–formed openings are scratched in the ground plane. The
deliberate outcomes demonstrate that the proposed structure holds a wide impedance data transfer
capacity of 88.07%, which is 20%better than the reference recieving wire. The normal pick up is
likewise expanded, which is around 4.17 dBi with a steady radiation design in the whole working
band. [13]. The proposed reception apparatus has little in size and works at 2.25GHz, 3.76GHz and
5.23GHz appropriate for versatile satellite administration (MSS) system, WiMAX and WLAN
applications ,In the paper, the plan of a coaxial nourish single layer rectangular microstrip fix
recieving wire for three diverse remote correspondence band

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Mimo Formatss
There is a number of different MIMO configurations or formats that can be used. These are termed
SISO, SIMO, MISO and MIMO. These different MIMO formats offer different advantages and
disadvantages – these can be balanced to provide the optimum solution for any given application.
The different MIMO formats – SISO, SIMO, MISO and MIMO require different numbers of
antennas as well as having different levels of complexity. Also dependent upon the format,
processing may be needed at one end of the link or the other – this can have an impact on any
decisions made.
SISO, SIMO, MISO, MIMO terminology
The different forms of antenna technology refer to single or multiple inputs and outputs. These are
related to the radio link. In this way the input is the transmitter as it transmits into the link or signal
path, and the output is the receiver. It is at the output of the wireless link.
therefore the different forms of single / multiple antenna ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The use of SIMO may be quite acceptable in many applications, but where the receiver is located in
a mobile device such as a cellphone handset, the levels of processing may be limited by size, cost
and battery drain.
There are two forms of SIMO that can be used:
Switched diversity SIMO: This form of SIMO looks for the strongest signal and switches to that
antenna.
Maximum ratio combining SIMO: This form of SIMO takes both signals and sums them to give the
a combination. In this way, the signals from both antennas contribute to the overall signal.
MIMO – MISO
MISO is also termed transmit diversity. In this case, the same data is transmitted redundantly from
the two transmitter antennas. The receiver is then able to receive the optimum signal which it can
then use to receive extract the required data.
MISO – Multiple Input Single

The Performance Of Space Time Block Codes ( Stbc )
Performance of Space Time Block Codes(STBC)
Anuj Mehta
School of Electrical Engineering & Telecommunication, UNSW
Sydney, Australia
Z3488506@zmail.unsw.edu.au
Abstract– In the following paper we are going to discuss the different coding techniques such as
Orthogonal STBC , Alamouti's coding and their performance on a QPSK signal with Rayleigh
fading. We will plot it for SNR values ranging from 0dB to 40 dB. In this we will be taking different
combination for number of transmitting and the radiating antenna used.
Keywords–Alamouti's,OSTBC,SNR
I. INTRODUCTION
In the field of telecommunications wireless communication is the most advanced and widely used
method for long distance communication. Wireless Communication today faces various ... Show
Number of reception (independent) by the MIMO system is called diversity gain. The Diversity
Gain, which is also known as Diversity Order is given by . Where is number of receiving antenna
and is number of Transmitting antenna.
II. SYSTEM AND SIGNAL MODEL
Shrey Yadav
School of Electrical Engineering & Telecommunication, UNSW
Sydney, Australia
Z5024542@zmail.unsw.edu.au
A. ALAMOUTI'S CODING (M=N=2)
Alamouti's coding includes 2 transmitting and 2 receiving antennas. The h matrix for this type
would be 2x2 matrix. The transmission rate is also optimized to the full capacity as it transmits 2
signals in 2 time slots. The full data rate can be achieved in this coding technique.
FIGURE 1. A 2X2 MIMO WIRELESS SYSTEM USING THE ALAMOUTI'S BLOCK CODE
For 1st time slot
For 2nd time slot
Combined equation:

B. OSTBC (M=4,N=1)
This sort of code is otherwise called 4–recieving wire alamouti 's code. Tarokh et al. found a set of
STBC's that are especially clear, and termed the plan 's name as Orthogonal STBC. They likewise
demonstrated that it was impractical to accomplish full rate code, if there were more than 2 transmit

antennas utilized as a part of the correspondence.
FIGURE 2. A 4X1 MIMO WIRELESS SYSTEM USING THE ORTHOGONAL STBC
System equations:
III. MAIN RESULTS
By performing this examination, we have learnt that coding enhances the general execution of the
MIMO. It can be seen that without coding,

Advantages And Disadvantages Of MDC Over Traditional...
As with the improvement of cameras that produce high quality videos and images, storage needed to
store the videos is became a big issue especially for the film makers that have huge video files to
store. Thus we need a mechanism that make the videos compact so that they efficiently store on the
hard drives and other storage devices. Here comes the compression techniques that makes it possible
to remove the redundancy from bit stream of video files so they take less place to be stored.
Transmission of video files is also a big reason that describes the importance of video compression
in more prominent way. We need to transmit high quality videos over the internet connection of
limited bandwidth. Thus to utilize this limited bandwidth efficiently ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Required bit rate = 90564/0.5=181128bits per second=176.883kbps As required bit rate to transmit
the given sequence i.e. 181.128kbps is greater than the bit rate of the link i.e. 100kbps given in the
question. Thus it is not possible to transmit this sequence (of Table 1) in 0.5s over the link between
BS1 and the mobile user. Answers of the Questions about Table 2 and Table 3: Description 1 I1 P2
P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12 P13 P14

Design Of An Optimized Compressive Sensing

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Roxy Roberts

More from Roxy Roberts (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Design Of An Optimized Compressive Sensing