Elder Abuse Research

Elder Abuse Research
Assignment 1
Introduction
The research interest topic is the prevalence of elder abuse and neglect found in selected Ohio
nursing homes and what, if any consequences the nursing homes encounter if elder abuse cases are
substantiated. A theory consists of a body of ideas regarding a particular phenomenon or topic
(Cozby & Bata, 2012). Therefore, a theory seeks the truth from reasoned known facts, which serves
as a basis of investigation (Burnight & Mosqueda, 2011). The purpose of this paper is to develop a
theoretical perspective.
Theoretical Perspective
There is no uniform definition of elder abuse, which poses numerous challenges for researchers
and/or policy makers (Norris et al., 2013). As a result, the theories used to research elder ... Show
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The routine activities theory was used as a conceptual framework to research elder abuse in nursing
homes. Payne and Gainey (2006) used the routine activities theory as a guide to research elder abuse
in nursing home from a crime perspective. Therefore, the first element in routine activities theory
was used because certain nursing homes could put pressures on individuals who would not typically
commit a crime against an elderly resident (Payne & Gainey, 2006). In addition, a nursing home
could attract offenders who desire the power and/or control over individuals that are weaker than the
offender is (Payne & Gainey, 2006). Consequently, for the suitable target element nursing home
residents could be the targets and/or their personal belongings (Payne & Gainey, 2006). Finally, the
capable guardian element could be nursing assistants or a place manager, a camera, or a locked door
(Payne & Gainey, 2006). Therefore, it is reasonable to suggest that the lifestyles of elderly residents
in nursing homes and/or other institutional care put them at risk for victimization (Payne & Gainey,
2006). Overall, the routine activities theory in the 2006 research study examined who is involved in
elder abuse cases, the activities committed, how vulnerability influences the existence of abuse and
how the criminal justice system serves as a guardian, and whether or not
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How Is It Related Everyday Life?
1. Definition
Knowledge is the information we have gained through learning or experience in this world. To
acquire knowledge, in the process of learning or experiencing, our brain must be able to classify
various objects and events around us into different categories and later store them in our memory.
This mental classification operation, which forms the basis for the construction of our knowledge, is
called categorization. The groups which this process places objects into are called categories. In
cognitive science, the study of human knowledge focuses on categorization.
2. How is it related to everyday life? We use the capacity of categorization in our life every day. We
use it to solve problems (i.e. what kind of question it is), organize perception (i.e. noticing our
surroundings), understand languages (i.e. ambiguity solution), explain things, make predictions,
reason, and communicate. The problem of categorization, therefore, is the most fundamental
problem of cognitive science.
3. Different Models on Categorization
How are objects placed into categories? There are three influential models to explain this.
3.1 Classical Model
In this model, category membership is based on a set of necessary and sufficient properties. For
example, a triangle can be defined as a polygon with three edges and three verticals. Thus, any
shape which conforms to this definition is a triangle; and any triangle must have these properties.
According to this model, we can decide if a particular

Manufacturing Processes : Glass Fiber Composite Materials
Industrial Studies – Project
Manufacturing Processes – Glass–Fiber Composite Materials
Truck body
2. What would be the design process?
Glass–fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) can be designed in many ways depending upon the
requirements, specifications and services. Therefore with variety of tasks, it's properties like
temperature range, electrical insulation, resistance to corrosion and abrasion and flammability also
varies. A lot of applications of Glass–fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) need good strength which can
be tensile , flexural, compressive or impact depends upon the application. The surface finish of this
composite material can be smooth or rough in different applications. The colours used in this
applications can be moulded in. Parts made from Glass–fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) can be
simple, complex, large or small. Reinforcement, resin system and processing method are selected by
putting the requirements in front of us. In making these decisions , the three principles of designing
with composites play an important role.
What is the Role of the amount and arrangement of fiberglass in mechanical strength.
What is the importance of resign system in chemical, electrical and thermal properties?
Moulding process depends on production requirement, size, shape and complexity of pats.
The design process will be consist of the following steps.
Determine Functional Requirements.
The designing process initiates with determining the functional requirements of

Evaluation Of A Prototype Model
A prototype can be defined as a representative example of a given category [1]. A prototype model
can be viewed as a rudimentary working model of a product or information system, used to test or
prove a concept or a process. A prototype of an Information System can be viewed as a draft version
of the system that allows stakeholders to explore system features and test the overall system before
dedicating resources for the development of the full scale system.
Prototyping is an iterative process. A high level view of the process allows us to identify the
following 4 steps that form the crux of the prototyping approach:
Figure 1: Prototype Design Process
1. Identify Content – Based on the needs of the stakeholders, information is gathered about the
features that a system should possess.
2. Build Prototype– Using the information, a prototype is then created to gain an understanding of
the system.
3. Review Prototype– The prototype is reviewed for errors and flaws and suitability to the
stakeholders' needs. If it does not align with the testing standards, the process is reiterated until a
satisfactory model is created.
4. Freeze Design– Once all stakeholders and designers are satisfied, the prototype model is finalized
and no new changes are incorporated into the model.
1.1 Prototyping in Business Analysis
A prototype is an original model, form or an instance that serves as a basis for other processes.
Prototyping gives an opportunity to research new alternatives and

Ideo 's Innovation Process And The Development Of...
IDEO's innovation process is unique when compared to traditional companies and is constantly
evolving. Brainstorming and prototyping are tools that are central for the development of
innovation. Effective brainstorming, allows the group to stay focused on the topic, generates many
ideas early, defers judgment to avoid interrupting the flow of ideas, builds on the ideas of others, and
can be visual.
Client engagement is key and is accomplished by frequent meetings. Whereas, rapid prototyping
followed the "three R's (Rough – use hand drawn sketches, speed is more important than making it
pretty, Rapid – do not get emotionally attached, and Right – work on the right problems and tasks) is
used to quickly communicate ideas. "The real 'aha's' in product development occur here." IDEO's
innovation principle sums it up best "If a picture is worth a thousand words, a prototype is worth ten
thousand." "The entire process resembles a funnel, with several ideas at the top, three or four at the
base, and only one making it all of the way through".
The IDEO project journey consist of the following (Source: Bruce Nussbaum, "The Power of
Design", BusinessWeek, 17 May 2004, p. 71.):
Phase 0 – Understand / Observe
IDEO's cognitive psychologists, anthropologists, and sociologists team up with corporate clients to
develop a comprehensive understanding of product feasibility and the client's business thru product
studies and consumer observation.
Some of their techniques:
SHADOWING

Advantages Of Throw Away Prototyping
Throw–away Prototyping Methodology
Introduction:
Throw–away prototyping is use to develop or create application as fast as possible. It helps in
creating a part of future application to ensure that a new develop feature is technically feasible. It is
different from sketching, as the sketching is more graphical and concerned towards the user
interfaces and experience and it does not requires or consist of writing programming chunks or
codes snippets.
The throw–away prototyping is also called closed ended prototype. It is refers to the creation of a
model that will be discarded rather then making it a part of final delivered software. It is discarded
at the end after completing the project.
A small working model of the software is provided to the end users to conform their requirements,
and to get response or feedback. This small ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Uses
As it gives us knowledge about the defects, issues and problems in early stage of product
development phase so it become more effective and does not give inaccurate result at the end of the
finalizing phase of the product. In this project, the completing of each phase, step by step of
throwaway prototyping methodology is easy and transition from one phase to other phase is quick
and fast.Due to this method, the project is completed on time with less cost.
Throw–away prototyping is useful to use when sketching is not enough, and it requires to show the
working of features or when need to show the actual performance or response. TheThrow–away
prototyping has many advantages and it is efficient to use, but somehow it become difficult and
risky when dealing with stakeholders and have little knowledge of technical background and in
context of tuff deadline and limited resources.
Effectiveness of

Rapid Technology Development Inc.
Introduction & Background Rapid Technology Development Inc. (hereafter referred to as RTD Inc.)
is a company that offers prototyping services to its customer base. Each of these prototypes is then
brought to the market for testing and certification. Nevertheless, to understand the dynamics of the
market, it is critical to first focus on the company's position in relation to its market. Strengths and
Overall Competitiveness RTD Inc. has numerous strengths. First, the company has invested in a
technology area where there are limited competitors. This makes it possible to achieve consistent
growth prior to market saturation. The market condition is one that has more demand for
prototyping services to test recent developments and changes in the technology world. RTD Inc. has
been operational for a considerable length of time and thus acquired market confidence. Over the
years, RTD has purchased a wide variety of tools and equipment as a positioning strategy in an
emerging competitive market. RTD Inc. has also established a wide network of suppliers for
different components based on the range of prototypes required by customers. Porters Five Forces
Supplier Bargaining Power Prototyping requires a very precise set of materials. In some cases,
suppliers of these materials tend to charge premium prices for these components, which in turn lead
to higher cost of production for these prototypes. The sensitive nature of prototyping and component
testing makes it important to obtain

Picking a Prototyping Design Tool for the Car Checker...
Introduction There is a bunch of various design tools that can based used to make medium fidelity
prototypes for software user interfaces. However, there are not that many prototyping design tools
that can effectively prototype a mobile application and the Car Checker android application is one of
those applications. The search for a usable design tool to design a medium fidelity prototype for the
car checker android application has been narrowed down to three software candidates. The three
software prototyping tool choices are Dia, WireFrame.CC, and JustInMind Prototyper. One note to
be mentioned, the versions of the prototyping software that are being evaluated for the purpose of
the report are the free versions of the prototyping ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the mobile device's limitations in their functional and computing power, that will result in a
smaller screen in order to display the mobile device's interface, and Smartphones will fall into the
category of mobile devices. Anthony Wasserman (2010) discusses user interface design on mobile
applications in his paper as, "With the challenge of making the best possible use of limited screen
space, user interface design takes on greater importance than ever."(Page 399) This is an important
idea to be taken into account when the car checker application is in development, even in its
prototyping stages. Wasserman also discusses the importance of user interface design in the mobile
application and compares it to a web application as, "Mobile users are often seeking to quickly
complete a simple task, and can't take advantage of the full range of functionality provided by a
traditional Web application."(2010, Page 399). Mobile applications, especially the car checker
Smartphone application, must be designed in a way that it accommodates the needs of the users who
are using the application, and it must be done with limited functionality and a limited screen for the
user interface to fit into a user's Smartphone. The choice of a prototyping tool must take into account
that the Car Checker Android application will

A Project On Using New Technology
Introduction:
There is a manufacturing company of medium sized which is working on increasing the prototype
capability for its firm. The controversy is going in the selection process of the project among the two
proposed project to achieve the goal of the company. The first proposed project was based on the
traditional prototype used by the company. The project is tested and resulted with the low risk factor
in the priority for increasing the capability of the prototype for the firm. The project follows all the
ethics of the company and is based on according to the company's culture and structure. Therefore
no training program is required for the staff. The second project introduces new technique of 3D
printing to enhance the prototype with high speed. It minimizes the cost of the project. The
requirement of this project is a greater capital input. As the system is using new technology,
therefore the training program is required for the employees. The risk factor rises up with the
introduction of new prototyping system. If the new system is get successful then it will result with
maximizing the profit for the firm. As the consultant I will go through projects by exploring their
assumptions, advantages and disadvantages and then I will recommend the best project for the firm.
Methodologies used for Selection of the model
 Scientific Method: The scientific method is the technique used for acquiring new knowledge. It is
method used for observation in the ongoing process

Team Bio 1: Executive Summary
Team Bio 1: Griffin Hale, Founder and Inventor
Griffin is a rocket scientist with a love of music and the outdoors.
Team Bio 2: Allison Schaiberger, Head of Operations
Allison is an outdoor enthusiast with a Master's degree.
3 Key Traction Points:
We tested our prototype with more than 50 users and received rave reviews.
Our patent attorney believes that the device has several patentable aspects.
Early user feedback will be fed into R&D to produce the next product.
Target Customers: Audiophiles, gamers, and users of electrotherapy.
Market Size: There were $3 billion in headphone sales in 2015.
Use of Funds:
50% – Product Development
10% – Legal
20% – Marketing
10% – R&D
10% – Unexpected Expenses
________________________________________ ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Full Body Sound could easily make its way into this market. People who do home treatment may
gladly switch to a device that incorporates their favorite types of music. Physical therapist may
prefer a device that allows their patents to feel more at ease and perform therapy to their favorite
music.
Revenue
The Full Body Sound device is in the prototype stage, so the Company is currently pre–revenue.
However, the main revenue stream will come from unit sales.
The primary goal of Full Body Sound is to keep the initial product affordable, so each unit will be
priced under $100. Eventually, the Company hopes to drop the price to under $50 a unit. This places
the Full Body Sound device in the same price bracket as a nice pair of headphones.

Since Full Body Sound is a small startup, the goal is to get a head start on the market. Offering the
device at a low price point allows everyday people to purchase it, which will help Full Body Sound
generate a large following and achieve brand recognition more quickly.
Even its low price point, Full Body Sound will be able to make a profit by creating the devices in–
house and using local resources. Additionally, since most parts are electronic, there will be a
substantial advantage to producing in bulk. If this takes off, the Company could easily see a profit
ratio of 5 to

Rapid Prototyping As A Tool For Mobile App Development
RAPID PROTOTYPING AS A METHODOLOGY FOR MOBILE APP DEVELOPMENT
1.0 DEFINITION OF RAPID PROTOTYPING
Rapid prototyping as the name implies is a process of quickly transforming user 's understanding
and definition a system to the built to mock up design, either it be a website or an application(web,
windows or mobile) and having these designs validated by reviewing it with a larger team of users,
stakeholders, designers and developers.
2.0 Processes of rapid prototyping
Rapid prototyping is a multiple iterations of 3 processes involved in rapid prototyping with an
iteration of the process yield a clearer picture as the initial key areas at the beginning are built out
until the final prototype is built and handed over for production. These ... Show more content on
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3. It helps in testing the solution and the concept behind it
4. It enables the development team to discover potential errors and weak spots before a proper
implementation which might be too expensive to correct
5. It makes it easier for early client interactions and often and quick feedback
3.2 Disadvantages of rapid prototyping If not controlled, it can see introduction of additional
requirement/features which was not part of the original model.
4.0 Best and worst Practices of prototyping
4.1 Best Practice
1) Work collaboratively with users, business and IT stakeholders while rapid prototyping.
2) Understand that rapid prototyping is a means to an end and not the end product itself. This would
help in avoiding prototype creep because expectations are set.
3). Make provision for component (templates, patterns, widgets) reuse.
4) When creating interactive high–fidelity prototypes and simulations, build in realistic delays so
that users do not expect instant response times from the final product.
5) Remind users during every prototype review session that the product is a mock up and not the
actual solution. It encourages feedback and avoiding users from mistaking it for a working solution.
4.2 Worst Practice
1) Don't prototype features or functionality that cannot be implemented
2) Don't take every change or request that comes out of a prototype review as a new

Info Systems Design/Implement Essay
1. Imagine that you are to design a budget report for a colleague at work using a spreadsheet
package. Following the prototyping discussed in the chapter (see also Figure 1–17), describe the
steps you would take to design a prototype of this report.
Essentially, they should begin by eliciting from their colleague a definition of the problem and the
basic requirements for the budget report. These requirements would include the content, how they
want to use the data (e.g., what comparison or decisions they will make from the data), and any
other expectations they have about the style of the report. They should then develop an initial,
working prototype using the spreadsheet package. Next, they should use this spreadsheet prototype
to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Budget reports are typically generated at the end of business quarters and at the end of the year.
Quarterly reports summarize information for the past three months, and the annual reports
summarize the entire year. These reports are generally mailed directly to the users, either through the
organization's in house mail system, through the U.S. Postal Service or some other carrier, or
electronically through the organization's wide area network, a communication service, or through
the Internet.
3. Imagine the worst possible reports from a system. What is wrong with them? List as many
problems as you can. What are the consequences of such reports? What could go wrong as a result?
How does the prototyping process help guard against each problem?
The worst possible reports come so late that the information is be useless, the reports contain
information that the user does not need, and they do not contain the information that the user really
needs. The information presented has errors and is inconsistent from page to page and from report to
report. The layout is difficult to read and understand, and the reports are inflexible, prohibiting the
user from changing the information to his liking. As farfetched as this sounds, these types of
problems happen frequently with poorly designed reports.
The consequences are that

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Prototyping
Another reason is prototyping requires a significant amount of the users or customers' time to use
the prototype and provide feedback about the system especially when the developer develops a
prototype that is too complex. The users may be stuck in debates over the details of the prototype
due to its complexity which may halt the development team progress and thus, delaying the final
product. This situation might incur more time and costs which affects their profitability. There are
also certain users that thought the prototype as the finished or final system. They think that a
prototype which is intended to be thrown away is actually a final system that merely needs to be
finished or polished. They are often unaware of the effort needed by the developers to conduct
error–checking and add security features which a prototype may not have. This can lead them to
expect the prototype to accurately model the performance of the final system when this is not the
intention of the developers. Users can also become attached to features that were included in a
prototype for consideration and then removed from the specification for a final system. If the users
think that all proposed features are to be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Prototyping is only appropriate when there is a high degree of risk that will lead to the failure of the
system. When users' needs are not understood and users' reactions are not known, prototyping is
crucial to prevent the final system from lacking in demand in the market. In this case, the proposed
system does not need prototyping because the users' needs and wants are already known, the
technologies and software used are already available in the market and there are not much
modifications to the existing system since most of the main components are retained in the proposed

Designing An Effective User Interface Essay
There are many moving parts that work together to create an effective user interface. This idea is
exemplified in Notes on Design Practice: Stories and Prototypes as Catalysts for Communication by
Thomas Erickson because he gives the reader a nice overview of all of the creative pieces that go
into this design process from start to finish. On a more focused level, Prototyping for Tiny Fingers
by Marc Rettig puts a key element of that process under a microscope and breaks down what makes
it so vital and how to get the most out of it. Together, these articles present clear and time–tested
guidelines for efficient and creatively cost–effective interface development. Erickson talks about the
some of the various methods that designers employ when they tackle issues found within their
projects. Erickson focuses on the issues that stem from such areas as: problem setting (specifically
the clear definition of what it is), team building as carried out by interdisciplinary groups, effective
user involvement to assist in guiding the design process, the iterative process which is the
foundation of collaborative design when developing prototypes, and the idea of design transfer,
which is basically the concept that within large organizations, those who design a product are
frequently not the same individuals as those who implement it. Erickson describes the early stage of
the design process as the exploratory stage, which is the point where the general requirements are
outlined and basic

Wall Street Journal Analysis
Paper #3
The third paper is an analysis and my thoughts on "The Wall Street Journal" article by Bob Tita
titled A New Approach to New Products. The article focuses on open innovation and rapid
prototyping as characteristics of the innovative company FirstBuild. This paper discusses these two
characteristics in the context of DoD materiel acquisition. Prototyping has long been recognized as a
low cost technique to test initial concepts and ideas about a product meet user requirements. In some
instances and over time, the cost for building prototypes has not been low and the time has been
unacceptable, which is why 3D printing has become so popular. Prototyping has now regained its
value in the development cycle due to 3D printing. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most of our meetings in DoD do not meet any standard metrics for productivity according to much
of the best practices of management so experimenting with them seems only an opportunity for
improvement. I have experimented with multiple aspects of meetings to include their duration, their
location, setting the agenda with one or two questions to drive discussion versus a straight
transmittal of information format, and with meeting attendees. The result has been a consistent
push–back to changing such aspects of the meeting and very little desire for consideration of other
ways of accomplishing the purpose of the meeting. Some don't even want to spend the time thinking
critically about the purpose of a meeting in order to identify alternative solutions. This is worrisome
to me because if we cannot experiment with simple aspects of our daily business, the possibility of
experimenting with different equipment or organizational structures seems like a significant leap for
some of our

Arts-Based Research Papers
Before talking about what is arts–based research and design thinking good for, we should first know
what is research. Pierre and Zimmerman (1997) stated: " I like to think of research as re–search, to
search again, to take a closer second look." This is a very accurate way to describe what is research.
Because sometimes when we do a research, we will have more than two researchers to work
together, not only making sure the credibility of results, but also searching again and again to obtain
a plenty of useful information. And also indicate research should focus on three periods: the past,
present, and future, which can help it more accurately to find solutions.
At the beginning, when people talk about how to do the research that they always ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
But design thinking is only used by designers? Classically, design thinking is only used in the
traditional design fields, which are only painting, sculpture and architecture. But with the
development of world, design thinking can apply to different fields. For example, there has a new
career called design engineer, who usually works with a team of engineers and designers to develop
conceptual and detailed designs. And design engineers have their own design thinking process,
which is similar to designers'. It has five steps, ask, image, plan, create and improve. Therefore,
design thinking is not only can apply in the design field but also other

A Project On Using New Technology
3. Project 1 Detail............................................................................5
4. Project 2 Detail............................................................................7
5. Recommendation...........................................................................8
6. Conclusion..................................................................................9
7. References..................................................................................10
Introduction:
There is a manufacturing company of medium sized which is working on increasing the prototype
capability for its firm. The controversy is going in the selection process of the project among the two
proposed project to achieve the goal of the company. The first proposed project was based on the
traditional prototype used by the company. The project is tested and resulted with the low risk factor
in the priority for increasing the capability of the prototype for the firm. The project follows all the
ethics of the company and is based on according to the company's culture and structure. Therefore
no training program is required for the staff. The second project introduces new technique of 3D
printing to enhance the prototype with high speed. It minimizes the cost of the project. The
requirement of this project is a greater capital input. As the system is using new technology,
therefore the training program is required for the employees. The risk factor rises up with the
introduction of new prototyping system. If the new system is get successful then it will result with
maximizing the profit for the firm. As the consultant I will go through projects by exploring their
assumptions, advantages and disadvantages and then I

The Strategic Intent Of Each Company
Introduction
Technology Products was bought out in 1986 by a manufacturing firm from Cleveland. This firm, in
turn, sold the electronics division plants which manufacture computer chips to different investors.
From this sale, the two plants were divided into separate companies, Acme Electronics and Omega.
(Daft, 2015, p. 171) The purpose of this case study analysis is to look at the strategic intent of each
company, their organizational goals, and how each company performed while competing for a major
photocopier manufacturer's project.
Background
As stated earlier, Acme and Omega were originally under the umbrella of Technology Products. The
electronics division was sold and split up into separate entities. Attention will now turn to ... Show
Organizational goals
The goals of both companies are to achieve "future growth and expansion" by achieving
performance efficiency and obtaining high–profile contracts and high profit. (Daft, 2015, p. 171).
Below is a presentation of the organizational goals for each company.
Acme
Acme Electronics have established the following organizational goals–increased profitability that
reflects the overall performance, increased productivity and high–volume output, retention of
original management structure developed by Technological Products, and internal efficiency. (Daft,
2015, p. 171)
Omega
While Omega Electronics have documented these as their organizational goals where employee are
satisfaction and have a feeling of belonging within the organization, employees are familiar with all
activities throughout the organization, and there is increased the overall performance of coordination
and internal processes across the company. (Daft, 2015, p. 171)
Attention will now turn to the impact of management relating to successful completion of the
prototype for each company.
Impact of Management
It can be argued that the success of any business is dependent on the effectiveness of management. It
is expected that managers will make good decisions and will exploit the business' strengths to gain
future opportunities while correcting internal weaknesses in order to protect the business from both
internal and external threats. Below is a presentation of the management style of

Lifelong Personal Health Data And Application Software Via...
Summary of the academic paper "Lifelong personal health data and application software via virtual
machines in the cloud" by Van Gorp, P & Comuzzi, M
The authors emphases their research on exploring and presenting a novel prototype system which
would provide opportunities for patients to access their Personal Health Records (PHR) regardless
of location and time and, also very importantly to share this information with relevant health
practitioners and institution. They identify that "Cloud computing offers unique opportunities for
supporting long–term record preservation" . The authors further argued that the latest cloud
technology would be the best solution architecturally to access PHR data from virtually any device.
They state that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the radiology case, the authors used real patient data collected over the past 15 years to show
that real savings could be made if patients were able to show their PHR history to every specialist,
as record shows duplication in scan exams. The authors were certain that this indicates that there is
no data integration between different health institutions. In the second use case they refer to the
importance of PHR data privacy, and how this data, if revealed to organizations like employers or
banks could compromise relationships with these institutions. The authors establish that the cloud
setup would meet all requirements extracted from those two use cases: particularly a patient's ability
to share PHR with any medical institution from any physical location and at any time, and also
patients providing and assigning access to relevant health institution whilst ensuring that data will
not be used inappropriately. Based on those requirements, the authors argue that current PHR
systems only meet part of the requirements but not the whole set of them produced from real 2 case
studies From the requirements, the author's derived prototype for MyPHRMachine technical
architecture, requires a Java enabled browser or native RDP client. The authors explain that cloud
technology would be used for MyPHRMachines allowing patients to build

How Health Orientated Is A Group Of Students Essay
A study was conducted to determine how health orientated was a group of students in a Psychology
302 Inferential Statistics course. They also examine if those students who are high in health
orientation different from those who are low in health orientation. The participant were college
students who attend California State University, Los Angeles enrolled in this course. There were 25
participants both female and male from diverse nationalities. We asked the participants to fill out a
30 minute questionnaire that consisted of 12 questions regarding their health. These questions were
measured using a 1–7 scale where 1 = not at all, 4 = moderately, 7 = definitely.
Questions 1–5 in our questionnaire were added to create a total health orientation score. Based on a
median split of the total score the class was divided into high and low orientation groups. 12
participants were in the high health group and 13 were in the low health group. To measure how
health oriented was the entire class we used a 5–35 scale where; 5 = not at all, 20 = moderately, 35 =
definitely. Therefore, the lowest score a person can receive was 5 and the highest score a person can
receive was 35. The entire class (M=20.36, SD=4.932) reported being moderately in terms of how
health orientated were they.
To determine if the students who are high in health orientation different from those who are low, the
following 7 questions were asked of the class and were measured using a 1–7 scale. Participants
were

The View Of Conduction Great Critique Sessions
Here is my reading discussion/reflection journal for this week:
Article #1 Goods, Bads, and Dailies: Lessons for Conducting Great Critiques
Summary
The article discuss about the view of conduction great critiques sessions. Pixar Dailies is one of their
techniques use in their meeting "The Chosen One" where it described "four of the young magicians
perform a five–minute routine and then receive critique from the other kids in the group"(). They are
3 roles player into this techniques: presenter, facilitator, and recorders. Each roles play significant
concept of providing affirmative & constructive criticism. The feedback is controlled in an
affirmative and constructive setting "Good and Bad". Pixar Dailies have an interesting set up ...
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For me, this is an excellent way of continue brainstorming new technique ideas for designs. As well
as continue provide feedback on the design.
Article #2 "Paper in Screen" Prototyping: An Agile Technique to Anticipate the Mobile Experience
Summary
This article discuss about the prototyping that utilizes paper and mobile technology. It describe an
idea of translating paper prototype system into a digital execution. You draw a paper prototype, take
high–quality pictures of each prototype, edit the images, and organize them into the task scenarios.
Paper prototypes provides a "quick means for testing basic interactivity that may be essential for
specific design decision" (Bolchini 31).
Reaction
This article provide excellent topic on paper prototype transforming into a "paper in screen" as well
as analyze the three approach of prototype: paper, paper in screen, and high–fidelity. However, I
rather like to see the author describe more of a paper prototype rather than focus on mobile device.
The "paper–in–screen" offer unique content of a paper view on a screen, but you can't do much
nonetheless swipe to the next screen. In addition, it doesn't make any mistakes. In the emotion
sections of the paper, I also enjoy reading about the relationship of user experience and design.
Visceral level "is the simplest and most important factor of degree" (Bolchini 31). In other word, the
look, feel, and sound of the mobile device is important.
Article #3 Parallel Prototyping

A Brief Note On Utility Based Automation System
Abstract: Utility based automation system is a scalable system that works independently based on
automated sensor inputs. Upon completion, it will be able to detect movement, temperature,
luminosity etc. and respond with corresponding output. The proposed system comprises of two main
parts: first, the web app, which can be used to control the hardware components such as the
movement of the doors and windows, the intensity of lights, control AC temperature, etc. Through
this, the users can locally or remotely control the security of their house and various other utilities.
Second part is the hardware interface module, which provides the appropriate interface to actuators
and sensors of the automation system. Opposed to many other home automation systems available,
this system is scalable in the way that many hardware interface modules can be added and controlled
using the web app. System will be able to support wide range of necessary residential facilities such
as security and power management.
System Architecture / System Design / System Model with description
The utility based Internet of things system that we will be building for the old people is heavily
based on a prototyping board called the Arduino.
Most sensor's ( mentioned below ) will be interfaced with the Arduino Mega 2560 and a set of wires
and breadboard.
The arduino will be coded in Arduino C or Javascript using the Johnny–Five module. This will
allow us to burn all the logic of the sensors and

Describe Computer Software Development Life Cycles
TASK 1 Describe computer software development life cycles Iterative Prototype Iterative model:
Iterative development is a way of breaking down the software development of a large application
into smaller chunks. An iterative life cycle model does not attempt to start with a full specification
of requirements. The iteration involves the redesign and implementation of iteration is to be simple,
straightforward, and modular, supporting redesign at that stage or as a task added to the project
control list. The level of design detail is not dictated by the iterative approach. The analysis of
iteration is based upon user feedback, and the program analysis facilities available. The project
control list is modified in light of the analysis ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During this phase, the formally controlled and focused testing is performed to uncover errors and
bugs in the IT solution that need to be resolved. Procedures: 1) Planning and Control 2) Analysis
and Design 3) Implementation and Execution 4) Evaluating exit criteria and Reporting 5) Test
Closure activities Name of document: Testing procedure Purpose: Programmers continually write
tests to go along with their code. The tests reflect the stories. Whether you write program before or
after you code, write them. Add them to your test suite and make sure to run them every time code
changes. Description of implementation: The implementation phase ends with a formal decision to
release the final IT solution into the operations. The Implementation depends on the characteristics
of the project. Procedure: The implementation procedure beginning with a broad based and all–
encompassing perspective of both internal and external operating environments, the focus of the
implementation project is then continuously narrowed to produce exactly the system that is required
to meet and exceed the business objectives that have been defined. Name of document:
Implementation phase Purpose: It includes converting existing data for use in a new system.
Verification of the old data becomes imperative to the useful computer system. Data input and data
verification could be done in this phase. By

Measuring The Value Of The Parent Class
6.1 Weighted Methods per Class: WMC relates directly to complexity of a thing, since methods are
properties of object classes and complexity is determined by the cardinality of its set of properties.
The number of methods is, therefore, a measure of class definition as well as being attributes of a
class, since attributes correspond to properties. 6.2 Depth of Inheritance Tree (DIT): DIT measures
the effect of an ancestor class over the class for which the metrics is being measured. In DIT, the
deeper the class is in hierarchy, the greater the number of methods it is likely to inherit and greater
the potential reuse of inherited methods. 6.3 Number of children (NOC): NOC relates to the scope
of properties. It measures the number of subclasses inheriting the methods of the parent class.
Greater NOC relates to more reuse and likelihood of improper abstraction of the parent class. This
metrics also relates that greater NOC could be the case of misuse of sub–classing. A class may
require more testing if the NOC is high. 6.4 Coupling between object classes: CBO defines the
number of other classes to which it is coupled. CBO reflects that if one object acts on another, then
they can be coupled. Since objects of the same class have the same properties, two classes are
coupled when methods declared in one class use methods or instance variables defined by the other
class. 6.5 Lack of Cohesion in Methods: Lack of Cohesion (LCOM) measures the dissimilarity of
methods

Case Study: Feed Resource Recovery
Case Study: FEED Resource Recovery
Introduction
This case analysis is about Shane Eten's business idea to turn food waste in to biogas locally through
composting technology rather than big centralized ones that already exist. He and his newly found
partner Ryan are trying to find investors to start off their business in the CleanTech industry. Shane
has had a successful experience as an entrepreneur in small business and is now eager to start
something on his own, his ambition can only be matched by Ryan's determination to do something
new and exciting with his engineering talents. These two ambitious individuals have everything
except investors.
Shane has managed to create a buzz about his business by winning business–plan ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
What seems to be the main issue is actually getting to build the prototype. Without it, lot of potential
investors turned it down. For venture capitals and future potential clients to show further interest,
Shane needs to show them a working prototype. However the prototype itself requires an investment
of $250,000, this has proven to be difficult to raise. Without the prototype no one is willing to invest
in the business, and without the investment Shane is unable to build a prototype. He is stuck in a
vicious cycle and needs to find a different way to raise capital for his prototype.
Recommendation:
It seems Shane and Ryan need to act quick if they want fulfil their dream, the longer they wait the
higher is the chance that other entrepreneurs will follow them and crowd the industry, especially
now that Shane has generated a buzz and interest. They should also try to patent the mobile
composting technology to give themselves more time and to make sure potential competitors will
have harder time entering the market.
First of Shane needs to get his financial figures straight, even his business partner admitted that it
was a bit off. If they want any investors to be interested he will need to have realistic figures or he
will not be taken seriously.
Shane should continue to find clients to solidify his business plan; he has attempted to interest
WalMart and a small grocery store on Cape Cod. First he tried to big then

Prototyping And Its Use Of Prototyping
Prototyping and Its Use in the SDLC
Group 7
Daniel Mingledorff
John Kiessling
Seth Park
University of North Georgia
Abstract
Introduction: This paper is to research and explore the use of prototyping in the system development
life cycle. Prototyping is a very important part of the SDLC, allowing the developers to better learn
what the users want, and if what they are creating will work in an efficient and fluid manner. This
paper will evaluate what prototyping is, what it is best to be used for, what the downfalls are, and
when to not use it.
Problem Statement: When a system has requirements that are not well defined, needs to be stable, is
complex, or is using a new technology and there is a need for fast development, it is hard to ... Show
Prototyping also allows for quick system development when there may be a short period of time in
which to develop the system.
Prototyping and Its Use in the SDLC Prototyping offers many advantages in software development
to both the development team and to the end user. In general, prototyping allows for simultaneous
development within the analysis, design, and implementation stages of the systems development life
cycle. Following the traditional waterfall method of development can often lead to failure in
understanding user requirements, which can cause massive delays and costly mistakes. When it
comes to human–computer interaction (HCI), one of the best techniques to bridge the gap between
the user and the developer is prototyping. This type of approach has become a commonplace
practice for user–centered development (Tudhope, 2009, pp. 354–355). Software prototyping is an
approach to building software that allows the engineers to present the functionality (even if only
limited) of the product amidst development. However, this software may not represent the exact
logic flow in the final product. The popularity of this of this model has increased because it allows
developers to examine and include customer requirements early in the development cycle. This also
allows an increased amount of feedback from the customer and a better understanding of what the
software is intended to do (SDLC Software Prototype Model, 2014). When a customer

Network Control For Cloud Data Centers
LazyCtrl: Scalable Network Control for Cloud Data Centers
Kai Zheng∗, Lin Wang†, Baohua Yang∗, Yi Sun†, Yue Zhang∗, Steve Uhlig‡ ∗IBM Research
†Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences ‡Queen Mary University of
London
Abstract–The advent of software defined networking enables flexible, reliable and feature–rich
control planes for data center networks. However, the tight coupling of centralized control and
complete visibility leads to a wide range of issues among which scalability has risen to prominence.
We observe that data center traffic is usually highly skewed and thus edge switches can be grouped
according to traffic locality. As a result, the workload of the central controller could be highly
reduced if we carry out distributed control inside those groups. Based on the above observation, we
present LazyCtrl, a novel hybrid control plane design for data center networks. LazyCtrl aims at
bringing laziness to the central controller by dynamically devolving most of the control tasks to
independent switch groups to process frequent intra–group events using distributed control
mechanisms, while handling rare inter–group or other specified events by the controller. We
implement LazyCtrl and build a prototype based on Open vSwich and Floodlight. Trace–driven
experiments on our prototype show that an effective switch grouping is easy to maintain in multi–
tenant clouds and the central controller can be significantly shielded by staying lazy, with its
workload

Compare and Contrast of the Three Faces of Power
Some theorists believe that 'power is everywhere: not because it embraces everything, but because it
comes from everywhere... power is not an institution, nor a structure, nor possession. It is the name
we give to a complex strategic situation in a particular society. (Foucault, 1990: 93) This is because
power is present in each individual and in every relationship. It is defined as the ability of a group to
get another group to take some form of desired action, usually by consensual power and sometimes
by force. (Holmes, Hughes &Julian, 2007) There have been a number of differing views on 'power
over' the many years in which it has been studied. Theorist such as Anthony Gidden in his works on
structuration theory attempts to integrate basic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Luke's one–dimensional view of power is centred on this concept and in order to develop
understanding as to how power is achieved and maintained within society, an analyses of decision–
making in the public arena must be made. It also contests that the group that holds and maintains
power can be determined by looking at who succeeds when there is political conflict. (Lukes,
1974:12) It emphasises the importance of the observed behaviour of those in power and analyses the
effects on the wider community when making decisions (Lukes 1974:25) Lukes spends a lot of time
discussing Dahl's theory of power through his own theory. The power held by a specific group may
be either, 'overt' or 'covert' but the triumph of power is at the point is during the decision–making
process and when these decision have been made, especially, those of the controversial nature of
ones centred around the most conflict (Lukes, 1974:13) The one dimensional view of power
proposed by Lukes is the most straightforward of the three dimensions. In a way, it is also the easiest
to observe, as the power structure through decision–making is more translucent and has a lot of clear
definable features.
The two–dimensional view or second face of power discusses the non–decision making and how the
group or individual controls what is put on the political agenda. This form of power is power
through agenda setting. The perspective of the

Informative Speech : Attention Getter For The Walt Disney...
Topic: Walt Disney World
Organization: Topical
Specific Purpose: To show that Walt Disney World is a family–oriented experience.
I. Introduction
A. Attention Getter: As Walt Disney once stated, "To all who come to this happy place, Welcome.
Here age relives fond memories of the past, and here youth may savor the challenge and promise of
the future. Hoping that it will be a source of joy and inspiration to the entire world (IMDb, n.d.)."
B. Relevance: Walt Disney created Disneyland and Disneyworld because he believed that people
who rushed to grow up were selling themselves short. He invented the theme parks in order to bring
out the inner child in you, no matter your age.
C. Credibility Statement: I feel as if everyone here was ecstatic to go away to college and start their
life as an adult. But why? As Walt Disney said, "who said we had to grow up? (IMDb, n.d.)."
D. Central Idea: Disneyworld is known worldwide as the "happiest place on earth."
E. Initial Preview: We will learn how Disneyworld was created, and how it became such a universal
phenomenon through annual events and their most famous attractions.
II. Body
Before we can discuss how Walt Disneyworld became a household name, we need to understand
how it was developed.
A. First of all, Disneyworld begun with Disneyland in California. However, Walt Disney started
developing Walt Disney World to give the Eastern side of the United States the same joy as he did in
California.
1) As stated from Palm Beach Post, in 1964 Walt Disney quietly bought 27,000 acres of the Central
Florida swampland for "The Florida Project," known today as Disneyworld. (Frias, 2011)
2) The heart of Disneyworld was designed to be named "Experimental Prototype City of
Tomorrow." According to "History of Disney World" from lovetoknow.com, the park built its own
energy plants, food centers, laundry, and their own airstrip to become the "self–sufficient and self–
governed world" envisioned by Walt Disney. (Santiago, n.d.).
3) Sadly Walt Disney was not present for the opening of Walt Disneyworld Florida, due to his death
from lung cancer. However, his brother Roy carried out "The Florida Project" naming the park Walt
Disney World in honor of his brother. On October 1st of

The Strategies Of Finding A Mate
Lauren Soentgen Approach: 1, Source: Buss, 1994
In his article, The Strategies of Finding a Mate, David M. Buss discusses the act of finding a mate
and the characteristics that people are drawn to in a mate. He begins the article with a brief look at
the history of mating and the theories that have previously been proposed. In particular he addressed
Charles Darwin's theory of sexual evolution and belief in preferential mate choice. Buss proposes
that there are three components to human mating. He states that "human mating is inherently
strategic... mating strategies are context–dependent... [and that] men and women have faced
different mating problems over the course of human evolution and, as a consequence, have evolved
different strategies" (Buss, 1994, p. 241). He uses this theory to propose nine different hypotheses to
prove that despite humans being varied and different from each other, all humans look for similar
characteristics when trying to find a mate (Buss, 1994). To investigate his research hypotheses, Buss
collected data from two sources. His first source was college students in the United States. For his
second source, Buss (1994) worked with 50 other scientists in order to survey over 10,000 men and
women from around the world. This was his greatest strength in the article. He had collected so
much research that it made the data seem credible, and the fact that the participants came from
diverse backgrounds means it is a better representation of the

The Modelling Process And How It Helped With Risk Management
Explain the modelling process and how it helped with risk management
It is important to understand that you go through a set process of making multiple mock–ups of your
product you are developing to a final stage this helps because there is a risk making your final
product without any sort of trial and error for example if you decide to make a fitness application
and figure out that the template and sort of arrangement doesn't look good then you will have to go
back into the code and fix it which in turn will make you face even more errors therefore wasting a
lot of time and even money. But in order to counter this situation like this if the person had of made
a Photoshop copy then he would of seen that his app maybe doesn't look that visually appealing and
that would also help looking at the overall feel of that application which will in turn help figure out
any more errors in the application and areas to improve upon. This strategy of technology modelling
will greatly reduce the risk of you getting stuck in any sticky situation therefore saving time and
taking worry of your shoulders.
Experiences of Technological Modelling for me I have also have gone through similar process
during the Initial brief assessment and prototype development. During the initial brief assessment
we had to go through the basic technological modelling process to come out with fully developed
initial brief for an application or a website in this case my browser but during this

Death Of A Salesman Character Analysis Essay
In the very first part of Act I of the play "Death of a Salesman", the reader gets to know the main
characters of the play, especially how they behave, their personality and, even if very implicitly, the
writer makes some of the character's feelings to transpire. Therefore, Willy, which is old and very
dreamy, can be considered as the character whose everything turns around him and, even if at first
he seems very grumpy, the reader, later on in the play, gets to know that he is very affectionate to his
family. In this first part of the first Act, Willy comes back home and, during a conversation with his
wife, he confesses to having smashed the car again because he was busy admiring the landscapes.
Regarding on this, his two sons, who he is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Biff, instead, is very happy and proud of what he is doing, however by working in a farm he
disappointed most of the people he knows that wanted him to be a businessman, Willy included.
Therefore, the main theme developed in this first part of the first Act of the play is prototyping,
which is totally understandable and normal for the period the play is settled in, that is the American
Dream.
Consequently, every single character in this first part of "Death of a Salesman", finds himself to
fight against the prototypes that the society, during those years, was trying to impose to them. This
theme is clearly expressed by the characters of Happy and Biff, and at times by Willy as well: they
are all trying to be happy themselves, but at the same time to respect and satisfy what the society
whats them to be, and so, therefore, to be the prototype of a young American man living during the
era of the American dream. Happy, for example, during a talk he has with his brother, express all his
disappointment in seeing that he is exactly what everyone wants and expects him to be, however,
even if he almost incarnates the

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Development
Chapter 6 Advantages, Limitations & Future Scope
Introduction:
The various pros and cons of the processes have been studied during the experimentation work
carried out in the dissertation. The advantages and limitations of the process are as stated below:
Advantages:
1. Most suitable for the middle volume production
2. Lead time is reduced to considerable extent which in turn increase product life time in market
3. The casted part has good surface finish.
4. The part have better dimensional accuracy
5. The non–productive time between two products is less as the die is used for pattern making unlike
the other RP processes.
Advantages of FDM:
1. FDM models are very strong and durable
2. Models are stable and never warp or shrink
3. Models ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Today's commercially available machines are accurate to ~0.08 mm in x–y plane, but less in the z
(vertical) direction. Improvements in laser optics and motor control should increase accuracy in all
three directions. In addition, RP companies are developing new polymers that will be less prone to
curing and temperature–induced warpage. The introduction of non polymeric materials, inducing
metals, ceramics and composites, represent another much anticipated development. These materials
would allow RP user to produce functional parts. Today's plastic prototypes work well for the
visualization and fit tests, but they are often too weak for function testing. More rugged materials
would yield prototypes that could be subjected to actual service conditions. In addition, metal and
composite materials will greatly expand the range of products that con be made by rapid
manufacturing.
Many RP companies and research labs are working to develop new materials. For examples, the
University of Dayton is working with Helisys to produce ceramic matrix composites by laminated
object manufacturing. An Advanced Research Projects Agency / Office of Naval Research
sponsored project is investigating ways to make ceramics using fused deposition modeling. As
mentioned earlier, Sandia / Stanford's LENS system can create solid metal parts. These three groups
are just a few of the many working on new RP

Sketching and Prototyping: The Centrifugal and the...
In this essay, I shall explore how sketching and prototyping can help in designing an interactive
system intended to encourage people to take a walk. In the design process is important to get the
design right, and then get the right design (Buxton, 2007). While sketching help in aid to getting the
design right, supporting the creative design process and exploring different ideas, prototyping
supports choosing the right design, by testing how the product will look like, behave like, and work
like (Buchenau & Suri, 2000). Sketching can be compared to a centrifugal power that radiates from
the design problem, which allows exploring solutions to be explored. Whereas, prototyping is the
centripetal force, moving back to the main problem with a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
These wWicked problems need to be approached with creative design tools, such as sketching and
prototyping. This essay is structured in the following way: I start will begin by defining the design
problem; then I willshall illustrate sketching and prototyping techniques, what they are, how they
can be used to support the design of an interactive system, and their weakness and strengths. The
conclusion will highlights how sketching is still an irreplaceable tool for designers, while
prototyping helps in simulating reach experiences and technical feasibility. Before proceeding, it is
important to define the term designer: Designer is anyone who create sketching or prototyping in
order to design, regardless of their job. Designing an interactive system to encourage people to walk
requires defining the problem the system is trying to solve or improve. There are different
approaches that can be taken. to define the problem. One analytical approach is to outline the system
requirements that need to be fulfilled. In the same line Newman (1995) argues that the problem
should be described only by onein a single sentence, this helps to highlight the situation of concern
we need to addresssolve. Another approach is finding the users needs by creating personas,
scenarios and storyboards. Overall, to create a successful and innovative system is necessary to
develop different solutions, and then select one of the ideas. In

Categorization : Essentialism Vs Characteristic Features
Amy Bushong
Dr. Reeves, PSY 305
Categorization: Essentialism vs Characteristic Features
Opening Categorization is the psychological phenomenon that allows the human psyche to divide
concepts in order to accurately perceive the world. This marvel functions practically in the sense
that when a person can possess the concept of a goldfish, it is plausible that they have extensive
knowledge of what a fish looks like and how it breathes underwater, leading them to categorize a
goldfish as a fish. However, categorization depends on more than just physical characteristics,
otherwise a whale could be considered a fish because it has fins and lives underwater, but it is
actually a mammal due to how it procreates and breathes. Categories, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This is emulated in the way that a tomato looks like a vegetable, and is eaten like a vegetable, but
it's essential nature is that of a fruit and so that is what a tomato is categorized as.
Family resemblance theory, however, operates on the idea that categories are graded, and that a
concept can be a slightly worse or better example of that category compared to a set of prototypes or
exemplars, which are the best representations of that category. For example, a rug could be
categorized as furniture, but it is not as good a representation of that category as a table is. The main
difference between the two theories is that essentialism views categorization as black and white
whereas resemblance views everything on a graded structure. This paper details the functional
differences between essentialist theory and resemblance theory, and examines how resemblance
theory is a more accurate of categorization, as well as how natural categories such as fruits are
measured more absolutely while artifact categories such as furniture are measured on a graded
structure through the articles and experiments conducted by Charles Kalish (2002) and Zachary
Estes (2003).
Experiments
There are two major associations with resemblance theory, mainly that items that have the same
typicality are given the same member status in a category, and that those with a "better" or "higher"
typicality are

Without Visible Permanent Deformation Of A New Guardrail
without visible permanent deformation. This load requirement is applied at any point distributed
over 50 millimeters from any direction. Also, if the guardrail is a flexible barrier such as chain or
cable than it should not deflect from the minimum force or 1,000 Newtons as well. This load is
applied more than 80 millimeters from the normal undeflected position of the flexible barrier. Also,
the standards state that fixed guardrails can be replaced by retractable guardrails or handrails or
handholds to make transporting from jobsite to jobsite easier (Standardization, 2011). These
standards give the team a specific set of dimension and load constraints for the design of a new
guardrail. The dimensions of the guardrail the team is designing shouldn't be much different than the
current design. The team believes the load requirement will be the biggest requirement to meet,
since the current design is failing from vibration loads. This set of standards states that the
replacement of a fixed guardrail for a retractable guardrail is allowed. This states that the purpose of
the project follows the international standards; the only difference is the project is called a
collapsible guardrail. Expected Results/ Outcome Expectations Determining how a project will turn
out is somewhat puzzling when looking at the big picture. When doing a project this extensive, it is
key to have a detailed plan and good communication. Without this, the project will more than likely
fail.

Bmw: the 7 Series Case Study Essays
BMW: The 7 Series
1. What are the causes and consequences of BMW's quality problems with newly launched
products? What should be done to improve "launch quality"?
The causes and consequences of BMW's quality problems with newly launched products were
plentiful and apparent all throughout the case study. For instance, BMW does not use pre–
production tools during prototyping. This significantly lowers their opportunity to discover and fix
quality problems earlier in the production process. Secondly, they let suppliers have a say in
development after "cubing" has occurred. Unfortunately, if suppliers come across problems during
the first production, they often don't have enough time to fix it before new model introduction.
Finally, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For future development projects, Carl–Peter Foster should concentrate on BMW's core
competencies of concept design and assembly– then outsource its parts to experienced suppliers
who can offer further technological knowledge. In order for BMW to introduce more models more
frequently, they need to decrease the lead–time from the concept phase of the car to the release of
the final product to the market.
3. What changes would you recommend in the way BMW develops new models? What attributes of
newly launched products would you expect to improve as a result of these recommendations? Which
attributes might deteriorate?
We would recommend that BMW use the actual parts instead of substitute parts; for example, using
sheet metal instead of fiberglass when developing new series models. This will help BMW detect
problems earlier in the production process and make quality improvement a much easier task to
achieve. Since they are using suppliers that will manufacture parts using specialized tooling, BMW
should also reduce the amount of prototype batches from five to three. The first prototype batch
should be done using its current process of hand design, the second prototype will use pre–
production process and the third will incorporate the use of specialized tools. Using this process will
significantly decrease prototyping cost and lead time.
As a result of these recommendations, the construction of prototypes

Fredrick Taylor And Its Contributions
About Fredrick W. Taylor:
Fredrick Taylor was a significant figure in operation management history. He played a major part in
innovations during the industrial revelation through his scientific methods that made great
improvements when it came to productivity and efficiency. The improvements that he made were
highly criticized for being to harsh on workers and dehumanizing factories.
http://www.skymark.com/resources/leaders/taylor.asp
He was born in 1856 in Philadelphia and attended Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire in
1872. He was forced to leave plans to attend Harvard due to his eyesight weakening from night
study. He apprenticed to understand the trades of patternmaker and machinist when he got his
eyesight restored in 1875. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The monograph is a collection of his life's work and incorporated some cases from his work
experience. http://www.mbsportal.bl.uk/taster/subjareas/busmanhist/mgmtthinkers/taylor.aspx
Scientific Management was comprised of four principles:
– Every step of individuals work is analyzed in a scientific method to come up with the most
effective way for getting the work done. It is the way to develop and come up with the best possible
approach for an individual to preform a task by examining instruments needed and by measuring the
maximum amount of work a worker can do in a day.
– Matching workers with the job that is best suited for them in a scientific method. According to
Taylor everyone was able to do his or her best in a specific job that was devised. The management's
role was to match the job with the worker that has the capability to do it and train them accordingly.
– Managers should provide supervision and cooperate with workers to make sure the job is done in
an effective way.
– Mangers and workers responsibilities are divided, managers spend their time supervising and
planning while workers continue their work productively.
http://www.mbsportal.bl.uk/taster/subjareas/busmanhist/mgmtthinkers/taylor.aspx
The difference between scientific management and the traditional way of doing

Pros And Disadvantages Of 3dprinting
According to 3Dprinting.com (n.d.), 3D–printing one of the additive manufacturing process by
transforming 3D digital file in to a real solid object and it reach the using of additive processes.
Additive process means creating an object by laying down successive layers of materials, we can see
the sliced horizontal cross–section of the corresponding object during the manufacturing process.
The essay is going to discuss about the recent insight of the 3d–printing industry base on the
seminar that spoke by Dr. Wendy Lee.
Creative can be at any age, it has no limitation that for being creative. However, many people find
out that, they cannot make their design come to a real product, as they do not have a machine to
produce their design. Therefore, the invention of 3D–printing can behave this situation, letting
everyone can design their own and manufacture their own. 3D–printing is just simply requiring a
computer with installed of 3D design program and a 3D–printer, which is usually a paper printer
size. Thus, more and more people can be a designer, and manufacturing their own products.
As mentioned above, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Autodest Maya is a 3D designing software, is to design prototype of a product. It helps to largely
reduce the number of prototype that needed to produce, but is still requires several version of
prototypes before the final one. Therefore, with by implementing the HoloLens and cloud
technology, the prototype can be virtually printed in anywhere with HoloLens equipment. Designers
can view the product like having a real product in front of them. Thus, they can use the recording
function to record how they make changes to the product, in order to let people at different time
zones can collaborate like at the same time. By use of this technology, it may reduce the prototype
version to even one or

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