API and Fleet Management Benefits

Essay On Application Program Interface
Why Would I Need an Application Program Interface? Technology has streamlined fleet management in a
variety of ways, and continues to do so. Most fleets are dependent on their GPS tracking devices to
determine location of their assets, vehicles, and personnel. Fleet managers are now able to view their
business operations remotely, and are thus able to monitor and track every vehicle in their fleet, always,
no matter where they are. This capability, alone, has resulted in increased production, reduced waste,
money saved, and happier customers. The GPS remote tracking ability is provided through an application
program interface (API). Remote tracking is just one of the reasons why you need an application program
interface. API ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Numerous companies have developed fleet management APIs that offer wide open integration features.
Fleet managers can opt which features would be most beneficial to add to their system. Examples,
include: A. Mobile App APIs allow you to receive key data on your smart phone about drivers, anytime of
the day or night, anywhere. Your smart phone can be used to track speeding, breaking, or driver idling
habits, and be alerted when any violation occurs. Mobile apps can be integrated with dispatch operations,
allowing you the capability of dispatching a job, and sending and storing a month's worth of dispatch
instructions. You will be able to speak with your driver, and listen to his responses. Any jobs that have
deleted by employees can be viewed, allowing you to keep on top of their progress. B. Odometer/Mileage
API As all fleet managers know, mileage is important when scheduling maintenance, reporting on taxes,
and necessary when calculating vehicle value. Odometer based benchmarks can be set that will sent alerts
and notifications automatically. These odometer events could include, Hitting a specific distance, such as
75,000 miles Hitting specific distances after hitting the current distance Recurring set intervals C.
Diagnostic Software Diagnostic software, that is integrated with your GPS tracking
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Disadvantages Of 2 User Interface
2 User Interface
User Interface is a function of the operating system that allows individuals to access and command the
computer. It is the junction between a user and a computer program. Task of the users are changing
rapidly and even functionality of computer becomes more complex according to it user must adjust their
behavior and problem solving strategies to the system. This situation becomes worst as user do not have
that proper experience and knowledge [5], [6].
A well designed interface can provide much more helpful information in a more appropriate manner
through interaction specially for those user who have lack of knowledge. Therefore user interface is must
so that it can give bene t to both user and resource management. An interface is a set of commands or ...
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Menu Driven Interface (MDI) This type of interface lets you interact with a computer or device through a
series of screens or menus. Menu is presented, make a choice and then the next menu appears on the
screen.Then make another choice and so on. Example: Cash point machines (ATMs) and iPod or mobile
phone, they both use a menu driven interface [7].
ˆ Advantages of MDI
{ There are no commands to learn or remember.
{ Each and every step are given so that the user doesn't have to re– member anything.
{ Even if don't know what to do, can usually guess way around the options. { Menu interfaces don't have
to be visual, they can be spoken – good for telephones or for visually impaired people.
{ They don't need huge amounts of processing power or memory.
ˆ Disadvantages of MDI
{ A poorly designed menu interface may be slow to use.
{ It can be irritating if there are too many menu screens to work through. { If often can't go to the exact
place then want right at the start. Then have to work own way through the menu screens even if know
where then want to get to.
Dept. of Computer Engg. 5 DYPCOE, Akurdi, Pune
Operating System Design User Interface to Operating

Technology And The Human Computer Interface
There are certain technology programs that are emerging in the software industry that have key uses.
These current technologies are those that surround the human–computer interface. As a software engineer,
I will use this paper to describe the term "Haptic Feedback," its key uses and why it is needed. In
addition, I will compare the various types of human memory mentioning their impact on the human–
computer interface. I will also give a detailed description of the potential outcomes of not making use of
consistency in the human computer interface, summarize and explain the steps of user–centric design
process and the role of human motion in the human computer interface.
Haptic Feedback Haptic can be defined as the science of applying the touch sensation as well as control to
guide human interactions with the computer applications. This is done using the special devices such as
data gloves and joysticks to enable users to receive computer application feedback in form of a felt body
part sensation, especially the hand. In that regard, it can be deemed that Haptic Feedback is the feedback
that users derive from the interaction with computer applications that is only felt, not heard or seen. The
key uses of Haptic Feedback are in the image outlines delineated by the feel sensation in a way like object
simulation in a location near the user. In this way, it can be used in the training of individuals to perform
tasks that require hand and eye coordination, including space ship

User Interface And Its Usability
User Interface and its usability Brief/Introduction User interface means the interaction between a user and
a computer system and how well they co–operate and understand each other and make it satisfying for the
users to use the system. One main function for the user interface usability is to have characteristics. In this
main function, there are eight characteristics to user interface usability and they are clear, concise,
familiar, responsive, consistent, attractive, efficient and forgiving. Clear The word clear is very important
on the user interface. It means that it needs to be easy for the user to use the system and understand what
it is. One of the examples is the image shown on the right side of this document. It shows one of the ...
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If it's explained too much, the user will have to spend time reading and get bored of it. Another word you
can use instead of concise is clarity. One of the good examples of websites that use concise user interface
is Google maps. It shows every place clearly and it is efficient to use. https://www.google.co.nz/maps/@–
43.5084463,172.5754581,18z  I used this website link shown here where I use snip tool to snip the
same place and zoom out more and snip again to see what the difference is. This image on the right shows
the map of Burnside High School and the places around it and I snipped it in maps version rather than
satellite version because it is much easier to see the names and its organized. This image has lots of
detailed information on each place and each road has names. This second image is the same place but I
zoom out. It shows less detail than the previous image. On the first image of Google maps, it showed
Aurora centre which is part of Burnside high school but on the 2nd image there is only school name
shown and a little bit more important places around it. This 3rd image of Google maps shown on the right
side of this word document is the same place but I zoom out even more than the 2nd image and there is a
big difference. Because there are more places, it is not possible to fit all the information in a

Wireless Eog Based Interface For Controlling Application
Wireless EOG Based Interface For Controlling Application Prof.Atul Jambhulkar1, Ashwini Mohadikar
2, Dileshwari Thakre 3, Mangala Shendre4 Department of Electronics and Telecommunication
Engineering Smt. Rajshree Mulak College of Engg. for Women Nagpur,India
Abstract– This paper describes an eye–movement method based on electrooculography (EOG) to develop
a system for assisting disabled people. Its most important features are mobility, portability, modularity
which making it adaptable to the particular needs of each user according to the type of handicap involved.
A human–machine interfaces (HMI) is a system that provides an output channel for the brain and does not
depend on peripheral muscles and nerves. We are focusing the mainly on EOG signals for the human–
machine interface for controlling a wheelchair , where the control is actually effected by eye movements .
This device includes wireless EOG signal acquisition components, electrodes and an EOG signal
classification algorithm. The EOG classification algorithm is based on extracting features from the
electrical signals corresponding to four directions of eye movement (up, down, left, right) .this control
technique could be useful in multiple applications, such as mobility and communication aid for
handicapped persons.
1. INDEX TERMS–HUMAN–MACHINE INTERFACES ,

Ethical Responsibilities Of Interface Designers
Ethical Responsibilities of Interface Designers Imagine a woman at Ralph's grocery store, pushing her
cart through the aisles. She takes her time finding her items and heads to the checkout. As the cashier
rings her up, she notices him pull out of her cart, and scan, a fancy wedge of cheese. She alerts him that
she did not pick out that cheese and he informs her that it was merely "a suggestion", and that she could
have removed the cheese from her cart at any time. The woman argues that she did not want the cheese,
and she did not notice that it was placed in her cart. The cashier then describes to her the lengthy process
of how to return the cheese, including filling out a form, making several phone calls, and mailing the
cheese back to Ralph's distribution facilities. The woman decides to keep the cheese. Situations such as
this happen all the time on the web. They are referred to as "dark patterns". Dark patterns have a long
history on the web. They are difficult to spot and almost impossible to regulate. Pressures set by metric–
driven companies and competitive work environments, coupled with the clear effectiveness of these dark
patterns, make it difficult for designers to resist using them. An ethical standard must be set for designers
as a tool and incentive to forgo dark patterns. The term "dark patterns" was coined by Harry Brignull. He
describes dark Campion 2 patterns as user interfaces, such as websites, that are "carefully crafted with a
solid

Brain Computer Interfaces Essay
The methods for interaction between humans and computers has greatly evolved over the years, providing
alternative human computer interfaces using haptic perception, voice recognition and gaze control. One
of these most recent developments of the Human Computer Interaction (HCI) is the Brain Computer
Interface (BCI), which represents a system that allows humans to interact directly with computers and
other devices and thus with their surrounding using their brain activity. The increase of the number of
applications has increased the need for interfaces for these applications. BCI is one of these interfaces that
made possible the detection of different brain signals and the translation of user's intentions into real
actions. This report addresses the different steps required for the collection of these signal and their
correct interpretation into real commands such as: preprocessing, feature extraction and classification.
The report continues with discussion of the various applications of the BCI devices, including description
of some the commercial devices and their characteristics and concludes with an overview of the trends
and challenges of BCI. BCI Devices Concepts, type of devices, advantages and disadvantages Brain
Computer ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The BCIs have many applications and has seen progress in several different fields such as the medical
domain – helping people with disabilities to interact with different devices and increasing their quality of
life or for treatment of neurological disorders; social domain – for social interactions and capturing
feelings and emotions and achieving personal well–being; entertainment –providing new ways for users
to interact and to have control in a virtual

Interface Esa
Interface's ESA Case Study
EMS 503
Prasad Naik
Background
Interface Flooring Systems, Inc. was founded by Ray Anderson in 1973 as a joint venture between
Carpets International Plc., a British company, and a group of American investors. He set up operations in
LaGrange, Georgia, and embarked on a mission to adapt European technology to produce America's first
free–lay carpet tiles. In early 1990,Interface goes green and step up goal to reduce their negative impact
on Environment. During 1995 executives of Interface to take step ahead and introduced The "Evergreen
Services Agreement"(ESA). It provided for the following: (1) carpet and installation; (2) carpet
maintenance; (3) selective replacement of tiles; and (4) carpet removal at ... Show more content on
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Also they saved around 10 millions dollar in waste elimination activities. They also reduce their
dependence on Non renewable energy and shit to using renewable sources like wind and solar. These
results and Interface's commitment to the environment brought much press coverage to the company in
the mid to late 1990s. In 1999, Fortune developed a six–page spread on Anderson in which he was
dubbed both "The Green CEO" and "The king of carpet tile."
Evergreen Services Agreement (ESA)
ESA was intended to "close the loop," thereby keeping used carpet materials away from landfills. The
financial benefits of service provision were high margins, stable revenue streams, and long–term
customer relationships. Additionally Interface believed it could create a sustainable cost advantage with
ESA, given the practice of selective replacement. Because 20% of the carpet received 80% of the wear
replacing only the worn tiles would reduce carpet consumption by 80%,a fivefold savings in material
costs over the life of the lease.
Challenges
The major challenge was to educate the customer about the service, as it was new concept. The second
challenge was that all the negations failed at purchase level and customer end up buying the product than
leasing it. Customer also found it difficult to transfer funds from capital to operating expenses. ." And
some customers objected to the lease's lack of flexibility; these customers did not want to be locked into a
long–term

Brain Computer Interfaces
Brain–computer interfaces, or BCIs, are a developing technology that enable computers to interact
directly with the brain for various purposes. They have various current applications, including prosthetic
limbs, sight and hearing implants, diagnosis of medical conditions, and research into brain activity
(Abdulkader, S 2015). In the future, more advanced forms may provide dramatic changes to
communication, entertainment, exchange of knowledge and learning, and other aspects of society (Lance,
B Kerick, S Ries, A Oie, K and McDowell, K 2012; Urban, T 2017). However, present day forms can
involve invasive and risky surgery, and future forms will likely create social imbalances, and may provide
opportunity for hacking and dangerously powerful ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many prosthetic limbs detect the movement of still–existing muscles, and use this to information to
trigger various actions (Abdulkader, S 2015). However, this is very different from normal control of the
missing limb, and so requires a large amount of training (Abdulkader, S 2015). BCIs can provide an
interface closer to the normal use of the limb, though as brain activity differs between users and different
emotional states, significant training time is still required before the user can produce a certain signal
reliably (Abdulkader, S 2015; Krauledat, M Tangermann, M Blankertz, B and Müller, K 2008). However,
research is being done into how this training time can be reduced, including through systems that can
adapt to the variations in brain activity between users and sessions (Krauledat, M Tangermann, M
Blankertz, B and Müller, K 2008).
There are some concerns about whether it is ethical to perform surgery for invasive BCIs at all (Wilson, R
n.d.). In doing so, we would be interfering with nature, and "playing God" (Wilson, R n.d.). However, an
important ethical framework, utilitarianism, denotes that the right action is that which produces the
greatest good for the most people, and given that this surgery is intended to help the patient, it is ethical to
perform (so long as the risks are not too great) (Wilson, R n.d.). In some cases, however, patients may
themselves object to the surgery on these grounds. This would make proceeding unethical, as doing so

Essay about Ethics: User Interface and Graphical Icons
Ethics for the Technology Age John Rankin Colorado Technical University Online PHIL340–1301B–01
03/26/2013 You are working on a software application, written in C#. The program is heavily laced with
graphical icons and the screen resolution is set to 1440 x 900. Late in the development process, your
company signed a contract with the federal government. This means all applications need to comply with
the ADA and Section 508. What kind of impact does that have on the software? Should this type of issue
have been addressed earlier? Should it have been known the company was negotiating with the federal
government? What are other issues that could arise because of this? This change will ... Show more
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You are still in the design phase of development, and the stakeholders come to you and inform you that
you need to make sure the CMS has a Web–interface and is cross–platform. While the Web–interface was
always a consideration, you were originally intending it to be a product usable on one specific O/S. How
does now having to make sure there is a Web interface impact the design? Now that you have to make
sure the CMS is cross–platform, how does that impact the design? What are other issues that could arise
for this? Luckily in this scenario the design was still in its development phase. Any change in the program
is basically irrelevant now. Meaning it is early in the developmental stage better a change comes up here
than further down the road, especially if the Web Interface was already in consideration. This should have
made the switch basically easy. So basically a well discussed plan should be made with the stake holders
and make sure this is what everyone wants from the project. A change down the road would be
devastating and might make the project harder to complete. Even though the CMS will be changed to
cross platform the impact as stated above should be very minimal. The code will have to be changed but a
good project manager should be able to adapt to the change and handle any complications that may come
up. By assigning the proper personal to the proper task should handle any change that could

Human Computer Interfaces : Computer Interface
Human–Computer Interfaces
Technology
Various technologies have been developed to allow for human–computer interaction in gaming. The main
ways of human–computer interaction in gaming are through a mouse and keyboard, a controller and
through a touchscreen. Controllers have evolved greatly since their inception, at the same rate video
games have advanced. Controllers started with pong paddles. They came in many variations but the main
concept was some form of slider, whether it moved vertically, horizontally or rotated to move the player
up and down the screen during a game of pong. Some only allowed for 1D up and down movement, while
more advanced ones allowed for 2D movement with the Fairchild Channel F allowing for 2D movement,
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The design of joysticks were based on flight controls. Another type of controller common during the
second generation was the use of keypads, used by the ColecoVision and the IntelliVision. Games would
come with a cardboard overlay to show the games controls. These were typically clunky and difficult to
control compared to the fluidity of joysticks. The Atari 5200 combined both, with a keypad and joystick
together with multiple action buttons on the side and introduced a pause and reset button – innovative for
the time.
Atari 2600 Magnavox Odyssey2 Atari 5200
ColecoVision IntelliVision
From the third generation of video game consoles, controllers became the standard method of input for
console video games, and have remain so since. They were first introduced by the Nintendo Famicom in
1983 and have had an increased number of buttons and functions since. During the release of the fifth
generation PS1 the design of controllers had been standardised by Sony (Playstation) and Microsoft
(Xbox). Controllers introduce movement through the D–Pad and analog sticks (introduced in fifth
generation, along with the rumble feature) and replaced keypads and fire buttons with ergonomically
placed buttons – with the overall design of controllers made to fit the hand. The Xbox introduced a home
screen button during the sixth generation. During the eighth generation Playstation replaced the select
button with a

The Transformation Process That Interface Went Through
There are several phases in the transformation process that Interface went through. Considering that Ray
Anderson joined forces with three other business partners, one could assume that there would definitely
be cultural changes or differences, just to name a couple. Interface went through some phases in cultural
incrementalism. The first phase as discussed in our textbook is driven by the vision of the leader, in this
case Ray Anderson. The second phase is to integrate the new values into the culture. This, however, is
determined by what values have been successful for the business in order for these values to move on to
the third phase. With this in mind, the third phase then is when the value becomes important. These are
the three phases in cultural incrementalism. Furthermore, identity dynamics also plays a huge role in a
business. This basically means the business ponders on one very important question, and the question is
as crucial as answering it should be. The question is: who are we? Members of a business learn culture
through verbal and nonverbal behaviors. What is reflected is then mirrored, and these values tend to stay
with the business and helps them adjust behaviors if need be.
Interface faced some pretty big challenges. Ray Anderson had a vision, and it was probably not the same
vision the other members had. Members of a business are not always in agreement, or they resist certain
things or changes. This was the case at Interface. Therefore, they had to

Implementation Is The Execution Of The Plan, Or Implement
Implementation is the execution of the plan, or implement the idea or model, or design to do something.
Also, is a procedure that must be followed in the initial thinking of something actually happen. Therefore,
the implementation includes all the processes included in getting a new software or hardware work
correctly in their environment, including installation, configuration, running, testing, and make the
necessary changes. The chapter is organized as follows: Section 2 gives some information about
programming languages used to implement the system. Section 3 presents programs and tools and
software specification. Section 4 gives a general overview and screen shots of the system.
5.2. Programming Languages
C# Programming Language
C# is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through the API can determine how should interact the software components. Also, used the APIs in
programming graphical user interface (GUI) components. Google API provides approaches to using the
features easily. In addition, the API it is displayed interface that returns JSON encoded results that are
easily processed by most programming languages and during runtimes [54]. Therefore, the Google API is
a big group of developer tools. These tools make the programmers able to doing the operations by using
Google API. Thus, the Google API is used to provide keywords for search engine Google and get the
retrieval results from Google, and the combination of these two things can help users to find the
information needed to better search [54], as shown in Figure 1. So, in this research has been used Google
API to build a search engine for the news articles. Figure ‎
5.1: Google search engine [54].
3. Custom Search Engine
Google Custom Search is a platform offered by Google that allows web developers to offer customized
information in web search results. Also, classified and organize the queries and create customized search
engines based on Google search. Can anyone be allowed to create their own special search engine. Also,
can create a search engine to search for information about particular topics to be selected, through the
selection of specific websites. Also, selected unwanted information and the websites to search. This

Description Of A User Interface
AS91074 User interface The exact definition of a user interface is "The features through which users
interact with the hardware and software". The reason that there is a user interface is so the user can
control and manipulate the device to his/her needs. Good interface This would be the "google.com" home
page. This is because this is a straight forward interface that is easy for the person who wants to use it.
Bad Interface A bad interface would be the "Skype" exiting mechanism. This is because when you want
to sue a computer and you clock the "Close" button at the top left of the screen the application exits. But
when you use the "Close" button at the top of the "Skype" application it just minimises the window. This
is very inefficient as it the application has two way of minimising and will confuse the user. When I had
tested person A with taking a screenshot on an IPod 4G she had kept accidently locking the phone.
Although the user was able to take a screenshot in the end she had wasted a lot of time accidently locking
the phone four times. On the other hand when I had tested the IPod on Person C they had no trouble
taking a screenshot. I think this is due to the age difference and the experience that both subject have had.
Doing this small test I was able to identify the problems with this function. The problems were that this
function required time to master and the user must be familiar with the interface before using the device.
It does present some usability in

AT & T's Customer Interface
Kena McGhee
A11534914
TH 12:30pm
AT&T's Customer Interface
AT&T is a world leader in communications, media and entertainment, and technology. They serve
millions of U.S. consumers with broadband, video, and voice services. AT&T has been providing service
to individuals and businesses for one hundred thirty–three years as of March 3rd. Their history of
innovation is a story about how people from all walks of life come together to improve how we interact
with the world around us.1 AT&T has done just that. In today's world having different ways to
communicate with one another is important. By providing numerous points of contact with individuals,
AT&T is able to obtain new customers everyday.
AT&T has four points of contact when selling products ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
External promotions (i.e., advertising, public relations, sale promotions) reach customers by delivering
information in various ways. Commercials are an important part of advertising in today's world. A large
number of AT&T customers have been reached through commercials. Window ads are also a great way to
catch the eyes of individuals passing by stores. Companies use window ads to deliver information that is
important like a promotion or the release of new electronics. By using window ads, the information still
reaches customers without spending a lot of money on a promotions that will end soon. However, AT&T
has implemented interactive promotions to communicate with potential customers. A large portion of
individuals today are on Facebook a vast amount of the time. Therefore, AT&T has purchased a set date
and time from Facebook that will run their ad on members' news feed. AT&T has created a strong
foundation in which customers feel comfortable with not only their products but, the company

5.1.Introduction. Implementation Is The Execution Of The
5.1. Introduction
Implementation is the execution of the plan, or implement the idea or model, or design to do something.
Also, is a procedure that must be followed in the initial thinking of something actually happen. Therefore,
the implementation includes all the processes included in getting a new software or hardware work
correctly in their environment, including installation, configuration, running, testing, and make the
necessary changes. The chapter is organized as follows: Section 2 gives some information about
programming languages used to implement the system. Section 3 presents programs and tools and
software specification. Section 4 gives a general overview and screen shots of the system.
5.2. Programming Languages
C# ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through the API can determine how should interact the software components. Also, used the APIs in
programming graphical user interface (GUI) components. Google API provides approaches to using the
features easily. In addition, the API it is displayed interface that returns JSON encoded results that are
easily processed by most programming languages and during runtimes [72]. Therefore, the Google API is
a big group of developer tools. These tools make the programmers able to doing the operations by using
Google API. Thus, the Google API is used to provide keywords for search engine Google and get the
retrieval results from Google, and the combination of these two things can help users to find the
information needed to better search [72], as shown in Figure 1. So, in this research has been used Google
API to build a search engine for the news articles.
3. Custom Search Engine
Google Custom Search is a platform offered by Google that allows web developers to offer customized
information in web search results. Also, classified and organize the queries and create customized search
engines based on Google search. Can anyone be allowed to create their own special search engine. Also,
can create a search engine to search for information about particular topics to be selected, through the
selection of specific websites. Also, selected unwanted information and the websites to search. This
service allows the users

Wildland Urban Interface Essay
The Wildland Urban Interface in Focus
Introduction
People living in the wildland urban interface area need to consider the impact of risk toward their choice.
The involvement of first responders affected by emergency services in and around wildland urban
interface areas is a major concern. The impacting loss covered by insurance is reaches into rather large
sums over just a decade of time even.
Living in Wildland Urban Interface
Those living in a wildland urban interface area should consider the impacting risks associated with being
there. "The wildland urban interface (WUI) has gained increasing importance as more Americans build
homes in rural settings adjacent to public lands" (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, n.d., para. 1). With the
amount of American population having interest in building their homes around these areas, leaving
governing authorities a need to carefully review the impacting effect and risk ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(2016, May 25). Fire Chief Erik Litzenberg Joins White House Roundtable on Wildland–Urban Interface |
City of Santa Fe, New Mexico. Retrieved from
http://www.santafenm.gov/news/detail/fire_chief_erik_litzenberg_joins_white_house_roundtable_on_wildl
Colorado State Forest Service. (n.d.). Colorado's Wildland–Urban Interface – Colorado State Forest
Service. Retrieved May 29, 2016, from http://csfs.colostate.edu/wildfire–mitigation/colorados–wildland–
urban–interface/
Haldane, M. (2013, August 15). Insurers, Government Grapple with Costs of Growth in Wildland–Urban
Interface. Retrieved from http://www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2013/08/15/301833.htm
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. (n.d.). U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service :: Fire Management – Wildland Urban
Interface. Retrieved May 29, 2016, from
https://www.fws.gov/fire/living_with_fire/wildland_urban_interface.shtml
US Forest Service. (n.d.). Fire in the Wildland–Urban Interface. Retrieved May 29, 2016, from

Information And User Interface Components
Executive Summary
The primary objective of the report is to check the accessibility of the website against the specified
guidelines defined in WCAG 2.0 which includes the following:
1. Perceivable – Information and user interface components must be presentable to users in ways they can
perceive.
2. Operable – User interface components and navigation must be operable.
3. Understandable – Information and the operation of user interface must be understandable.
4. Robust – Content must be robust enough that it can be interpreted reliably by a wide variety of user
agents, including assistive technologies.
The report further illustrates the findings of the analysis along with changes that have been incorporated
in the website. The report also demonstrates the recommendations that can be included in the website for
further enhancement.
Introduction
The basic concept behind creating this website is to register a user interest in various job vacancies
offered by a company (MAGIK SOLUTION). Magik Solution is a leading service provider of business,
information technology and communications solutions. Magik solution however, has various vacancies in
different department for which they want to hire the suitable candidate. In order to do this, magik has
deployed a static website which includes an introductory home page for magik solutions which also
contain various job positions links. Whenever a user wants to register their expression of interest for the
vacant position they click on

Applications Of Knx Logging Section
In keeping with the above requirements and considering the findings of the Current
Applications of KNX Logging section (p. 10), having a separate logging service and user interface seems
the most logical solution. Separating the GUI and the logger would allow for the KNX bus to be logged
with a background process, rather than require an application to be running in the foreground when
logging.
Figure 2.3–1 illustrates the overall solution proposed in this section. The diagram shows the KNX
network, the KNX to serial module, the host server, the logging service, the database, the user interface
and finally the user; it illustrates how these components of the logger system will interact with each other.
In this proposal, a basic KNX network has been developed with various actuators and sensors. The
sensors are more important in the example network as these are the modules from which the telegrams to
be recorded originate. The KNX bus has a KNX to PC module which connects the KNX network to a
computer, these sorts of module will be discussed in greater depth later but generally are used to connect
a KNX network to another device via USB in order to configure or otherwise manipulate the KNX
network.
The KNX to PC module connects the KNX network to a server. The server hosts the logging service
which is used to record all information on the KNX bus in a data store. In Figure 2.3–1 the data store is
shown to be hosted on the server as well, however this is something which may

Brain Computer Interface
1. Introduction:
Modifying the human body or enhancing our cognitive abilities using technology has been a long–time
dream for many people. An increasing amount of research tries to link the human brain with machines
allowing humans to control their environment through their thoughts.
Research on BCIs began in the 1970s, but it wasn't until the mid–1990s that the first working
experimental implants in humans appeared. Following years of animal experimentation, early working
implants in humans now exist, designed to restore damaged hearing, sight and movement. The common
thread throughout the research is the remarkable cortical plasticity of the brain, which often adapts to
BCIs, treating prostheses controlled by implants as natural ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He was able to send the following e–mail message: "I am a neuroscientist who (sic) couldn't work without
BCI. I am writing this with my EEG courtesy of the Wadsworth Center Brain–Computer Interface
Research Program."
EEG Pattern Recognition
This project aims to improve performance of NASA missions by developing brain–computer interface
(BCI) technologies for augmented human–system interaction. BCI technologies will add completely new
modes of interaction, which operate in parallel with keyboards, speech, or other manual controls, thereby
increasing the bandwidth of human–system interaction. The research will extend recent feasibility
demonstrations of electromyographic (EMG) methods for neurocontrol to the domain of
electroencephalographic (EEG) methods of neurocontrol. These methods will bypass muscle activity and
draw control signals directly from the human brain. BCI technologies will provide powerful and intuitive
modes of interaction with 2–D and 3–D data, particularly for visualization and searching in complex data
structures, such as geographical maps, satellite images, and terrain databases.
3. Model train control via brain interface machine:
Hitachi has successfully tested a brain–machine interface that allows users to turn power switches on and
off with their mind. Relying on optical topography, a neuroimaging technique that uses near–infrared
light to map

Platforms And Interfaces Essay
A player's personal experience of transforming platforms and interfaces: from Game Boy to personal
computers
Introduction
Accept it or not, video games and "gaming" are a large part of Australian culture. The average Australian
21–year–old would have spent over 10,000 hours playing games (that's how long it takes to complete
school from year 5 to year 12). For immeasurable reasons such as involvement, freedom, entertainment
and story–telling are games such a powerful medium of creative and interactive media7.
Due to my own personal experience with games and their distinct platforms and interfaces, this essay will
provide a comparative view of two gaming platforms; a hand–held Game Boy Advance (GBA) and a
personal computer (PC). The GBA ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The GBA was made particularly popular amongst gaming communities by games such as Zelda and
Pokémon. Coloured games were pleasant to look at and the interface overall is easy to use; a D–pad, A &
B buttons and triggers. This is partly as to why it was so popular among younger age group fans. The
hand–held console used small ROM cartridges, and the console came in a variety of colours and shared
compatibility with other Nintendo consoles at the time (GameCube & Game boy colour). Wireless
adaptors were one of the biggest innovations to effect GBA users. For the first time games like Pokémon
let players interact by battling and trading. The initial sense was that the game is bigger than yourself and
the screen you're looking at, the once single player experience can now be shared with other friends
(which I remember was a huge deal). Due to these circumstances, the GBA created a strong following and
as of June 2010, 81.51 million units were sold including 16 million copies of one of their most popular
bestselling games; Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire3.
Buying a PC is not cheap and can be quite expensive, which is why naturally you'd only spend the money
if gaming was one of your biggest hobbies. There are companies that will assemble prebuilt gaming
computers, and establishments that retail mice, keyboards and headsets aimed toward gamers. PC

Interface: Strategic Alternative Analysis
Strategic Alternative Analysis The best alternative strategy for Interface would be to focus on customer
service by offering to "rent" out the individuals once they have gained the skills needed to be successful
in a job setting, similar to Michigan Works or Man Power. Focusing on a services that is different from
the current focus would produce new revenue. Companies would receive a tax break when they utilized
Interface's employee pool. The staff at Interface would support the individuals for as long as needed to
help them achieve success in the community job setting. If the individuals do well at the assigned job
location, it would build both community and new customers as people will start talking about what
Interface offered their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Interface will establish their presence in the community first and build a loyal customer base. Then we
will hopefully be able to grow and offer these other services to the community. Interface will then be able
to hire additional staff/job couches to train and teach more job skills to the individuals with disabilities.
Interface will only hire the staff needed to sustain, as they grow more positions will be offered. Interface
would also like to offer full–time positions in the future as funds

Brief Introduction of Human-Computer Interface
Task01
T1.1
Brief introduction of human–computer interface
1 Generation In the history of human–computer interface, the interface has started developing in 1980. In
June 1980, IBM, Microsoft project code named "Chess" approach. Dedicated to the new operating system
or computer hardware project management focused play chess and bridge the gap between hardware and
computer programs to function. This is the foundation on which computer programs can run. The "MS–
DOS." Human–computer interface of the new operating system called MS–DOS, introduced the first
generation in the IT industry. CLI, one at a time to work through a single user.
2nd Generation The second generation of human–computer interaction interface. This makes the
computer a friendly man. Provides a graphical interface for network users to access and easy. By working
with a GUI application as a system to identify the needs of our users. The discovery of the mouse that
came with the discovery of the GUI.
3 generations. 1974 Elographics view Sam Hurst and developed the first real touch screen transparent
surface came. HP touchscreen computer company in 1980 after the first touch screen computer
development and created a revolution in the market. So far, touch screen technology and other secure
transactions such as ATM has been used in all known systems.
Note: – the 4th generation technology known as HCI and artificial intelligence are still in development.
But some applications some of these techniques.

What Is A Brain Computer Interface?
BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE
Tejaswi Palacharla
University of Houston
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
What is a Brain Computer Interface?
Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a communication channel between a brain and the computer. The BCI
system transforms specific 'thoughts', into control signals. These are then converted to a computer
readable form where the output is shown on the computer. This computer follows the instructions or
thoughts given by the brain when a patient mentally visualizes the cursor reaching the target. The
electrode is implanted in the human brain and the brain activity is interpreted by computer software. Then
the computer software displays the activity on the monitored screen. This technology is mostly used for
people with disabilities.
The reason why a BCI works is all because of the way our brain functions. Our brain is filled with
neurons. The neurons are at work when we move, think, feel or remember something. The work is
completed by small electrical signals that zip from neuron to neuron as fast as 250mph. Now scientists
can detect the signals, interpret them and make them to direct a device. Electroencephalography (EEG) is
a method used in measuring the electrical activity of the brain.
A few examples of Brain Computer Interface for the disabled people are
"Bionic device is used for the people to restore a sense of vision to people with retinitis pigmentosa and
age related macular degeneration."( Bionic eye Australia,

Human Computer Interaction : Computer Interface
Human – Computer Interface
The Human–Computer Interaction, as defined by Margret Rouse, "HCI (human–computer interaction) is
the study of how people interact with computers and to what extent computers are or are not developed
for successful interaction with human beings (Rouse. 2005)." As the need for computer interaction
increased, better means of interacting with computer software became a necessity. The original human–
computer interaction involved punch cards, and switches, then programmers had to use machine language
known as coding, then command prompts and finally Graphical User Interface (GUI). Graphical User
Interfaces make it easier and more comfortable for users to interact with software products.
The Human–Computer Interface for Microsoft Word and Visio is the introduction of the Office Fluent
Ribbon. The Office Fluent Ribbon is a type of GUI. This interface, introduced in Office 2007 organizes
similar commands in groups on the Ribbon. From left to right the groups are determined by the order of
importance. To reduce the clutter only a few tabs are shown, other contextual tabs can be accessed by
clicking on the appropriate object. The Ribbon is the result of research and user testing. This enabled
Microsoft to produce a design that made commands easier to find. One of the main advantages of the
Ribbon is that it consolidates, in one place, those tasks or entry points that used to require menus,
toolbars, task panes, and other UI components to display. This way,

The Pros And Cons Of Respration System
allowed to de–serialize and stops those classes from loading, forcefully making them non–deserializable.
An example of this is the "org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InvokerTransformer" class that can
be added to the list. This process is accomplished by checks made prior to the
ObjectInputStream.resolveClass call. If the class being loaded is on the list of classes that should not be
allowed, an UnsupportedOperationException is thrown instead of the resolveClass being loaded; the class
is never loaded and thus is not deserializable. (Katenga, 2015)
Another option is to manually delete the InvokerTransformer class. This class is the main reason why the
Java deserialization weakness is allowed to exploit systems. Although instead of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Although, this is a feasible solution, it can be an expensive one to implement because of the amount of
extra functionality that comes with the Burp Extender. It is also not supported across all servers and
containers and therefore may not be feasible. (Portswigger, 2016)
The biggest problem is the knowledge of the attack port and domain that the system is running on. If
these were changed and access is restricted, it would make it much more difficult for the attacker to
exploit a system. A random port should therefore be assigned per domain and access to the servers
restricted to only specific IP addresses which can be put on a whitelist. Embedded LDAP directories can
be put into place that allows only specified users access to the server's console and settings. However, an
external LDAP directory is recommended as the embedded one can still be compromised. A Splunk report
describing any changes to these directories should therefore be setup. This will notify administrators if
any changes are made to
9 | P a g e the directory, such as the addition, modification or deletion of users that should otherwise not
be.
Description of Application of Chosen Countermeasure
The method of attack chosen was to attack a WebLogic domain running on a Linux CentOS box making
use of Kali Linux as the attackers chosen use of operating system. The attacker would then use the
"ysoserial" tool to create a malicious payload. The "ysoserial" tool would then be used to send that

Creating A User Interface Application
Step 1:
CREATING THE USER INTERFACE
To create a user interface in the text editor application,Editor.java file helps to accomplish this task by
creating a menu bar and a text area. There are many features which are provided to the end user like
creating a new file, saving a file, edit, format and lock the file. This interface creates the text area where
contents of existing file or new file gets displayed.
In Editor.java file, editor class is acting as the basic class in the text editor application. It loads the
components like menu bar and text area in the main window and is also responsible in initialising the
interfaces.
In Editor.java file, the main() method creates an object of the Editor class. This class creates the main
window in the text editor application.
The menu options in the Text Editor application are:
File Menu: Contains the following menu items:
o New: Invokes a newFile() method to create a new text file. o Open: Invokes an openFile() method to
open a text file which exists in the system. o Save: Invokes a saveFile() method to save a text file in to the
system. o Save As: Invokes a saveAsFile() method to save a newly created text file. o Print: Invokes the
printFile() method to print a particular document, based on the values in the print dialog box o Exit: Calls
an exitFile() method to close the Text Editor application.
Edit Menu: Contains the following menu items: o Undo: Invokes an undo() method to undo the last
operation performed on the file.
o

Designing A User Interface Design
Introduction User Interface design focuses on anticipating what users might need to do and ensuring that
the interface has elements that are easy to access, understand and use. Universal user interface design is
aimed to develop products that can be used by all people in different environments to the greatest extent
possible, without having the need to adapt or having a specialized design (Chubb, 2014). The computing
environment is growing rapidly, and this has made it possible for the designers to focus on the
development of interfaces that presents information in the most effective manner to people using various
devices like laptops, tablets and smartphones, as well as people with disabilities in the various modalities.
Therefore, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Flexibility in use– Universal interface design should accommodate preferences and abilities of wide range
of individuals. Tolerance for error– The design should have measures and controls that can help minimize
hazards and the adverse consequences that can be caused by accidental actions. Additionally, the design
should have a mechanism for communicating the status, as well as the next steps where applicable, in
order to reduce frustration for the users (Stephanidis, 2013). How Section 508 Affects the Development of
User Interfaces and the Impact of Standards on Users Section 508 requires Federal departments and
agencies that develop, procure, maintain or use electronic and information technology to ensure that
Federal employees and the members of the public with disabilities, have access to, and use of information
and data as the individuals without disability, unless it will be undue burden to the institution to do so.
Web based applications are required to present their information in a manner that makes it possible for the
disabled users to have access too. Therefore, the development of the user interfaces are affected in the
following way: The interface should provide a text equivalent for every non–text element, the alternatives
for the presentation of multimedia are supposed to be synchronized within the presentation,

Human Computer Interface ( Hci )
With the purchase of Swagger Distribution, a company that distributes clothing and apparel by a new
owner; she is looking to make some changes in the IT area of her company. Since, she does not have any
IT experience and has consulted me as an IT consultant to help her regarding the matter. After careful
research and evaluation of her company's current IT infrastructure the following areas have been explored
and the recommendations that follow are best suitable for the company according to what the new owner
wants.
There were six main areas that was explored as part of the IT infrastructure of the company. Human–
Computer Interface (HCI), Databases, Programming, Networking, Web Technologies and Information
Security. As part of the HCI, a summary of the interface of the two software that the company employees
use every day namely Microsoft Word and Microsoft Visio is explained. When you open MS–Word you
will find within many other necessary tools to create a professional and well executed word file. All these
tools are easily accessed and word maintains a very good layout of its ribbons and tools and tool tips to
help you as you go along using the software application. Even better they are fully customizable as per
the user's preferences hence, giving more emphasis on the human–computer interface of the application.
To start the word application you simply look for a big 'W' on your program's list or the start screen if you
are using Windows 8 and click on it. It lets you

Graphical User Interfaces
Modern society heavily depends on the abilities of computers, Information Technology, and information
processing. As such, since access to information occurs mainly through digital means and media, the way
information is arranged and presented on the screen is crucial. Because of this need for fast access and
easy arrangement arose, in the early 1980s, companies started to work on various graphical user
interfaces (or GUI for short). Most dictionaries define a GUI as 'a way of arranging information on a
computer screen that is easy to understand and use because it uses icons, menus and a mouse rather than
only text.' Introducing such software allowed a human–computer interaction on a visual plane, and took
computing to an entirely new ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before Graphical User Interfaces became a standard for giving commands and retrieving information,
computers were controlled through the means of a text–based interface. This meant that a person had to
enter text commands in order to communicate with the computer, which meant that one had to know
various commands that could be entered and specific, technologic jargon that – for a 'normal person', not
prominent in the art of computing – was simply hard, or even impossible to comprehend and memorize.
On top of that, the data was displayed on the screen was usually presented in form of a column of text,
employing the aforementioned jargon and syntax of 'computer language'. As a consequence, computers
were rather reserved for enthusiasts and professionals than general public, which at that time didn't find
them useful or attractive.
When a user interface that focused on presenting information in a graphical way appeared, a revolution
took place. Suddenly, a common person – even one, that has never dealt with such a device before – could
approach a computer, and be actually able to perform operations on it, using a pointer device instead of
typing complicated commands on a keyboard. If he wanted to move a file from one place to another, he
wouldn't have to type COPY followed with a string of letters and symbols, but simply 'grab' the file with
the arrow, drag it across the screen, and drop it where he wanted. Such action strongly

From Toys to Practicality: Brain Computer Interface...
From Toys to Practicality: Brain Computer Interface Technology
The idea of Brain Computer Interface (BCI) technology is the subject of high interest for many people
and families of the person experiencing considerable physical impairments, such as those with
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). This knowledge is recognized by several monitors, such as BCI,
Brain–Machine Interface (BMI), neuro–brain transmission and Direct Brain Interface (DBI).
Conventional computer input and assistive technology devices depend on the small though steadfast
muscle movements, which patients lose during the progress of the disease. BCIs identify tiny changes in
the brain signals to offer a control path for devices which does not rely on the movement of ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Hay (2012), "Michael Brody, a psychiatrist who teaches at the University of Maryland,
cautions that mind–controlled games are useful only if they move beyond the novelty stage and become a
standard part of patients' mental health regimens" (para. 15).
3D Virtual Reality and Gaming Environment
Far past science–fiction truisms and image of an individual linked to cyber through direct cerebral
implants similar to The Matrix, BCIs can also provide a new way of playing videogames of interaction
with the 3D Virtual environment (VEs). Just in the most recent days have research groups been trying to
link BCIs and the virtual worlds. Nonetheless, several impressive prototypes currently exist that allow
users to navigate in the virtual sight or manipulate various virtual objects exclusively by use of the
cerebral functioning, recorded on the scalp through electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes. For now,
technologies of virtual reality (VR) offer situations that allow improvements on BCI learning, in addition
to the study of, brain reactions and the neural processes involved (McGrath, 2011). Videogame's and VR
technologies can be strong BCI companions. Studies have demonstrated that BCIs offer suitable interface
devices for videogame

John Underkoffler Minority Report Interface
The interface in the 2002 science–fiction film 'Minority Report' is possible, however it still has it's
complications, but is thriving. This wall–sized computer screen interface, created by John Underkoffler
and used by Cruise in this role, was created to catch criminals before they were able to commit the crime.
Although, 13 years later, there have been no wall–sized gestural interfaces or even laptop–screen–sized
gestural interface. We are still not able to do whatever we want by simply waving our hands around or
verbally making commands.
Underkoffler, now a chief scientist and founder of Oblong Industries, points that there are two problems
in ever making this kind of technology possible. First is getting the technology right, and second

Graphic Design And Interface Design
As we all know, the roles of design are satisfying daily needs of people as well as improving the quality
of their lives. Not only that, design, as a part of the arts industries, also need aesthetic judgment. That is
why visual designer came up. In this essay, I will contrast graphic design with interface design , compare
them in three different ways including historical technological and conceptual development and discuss
the connection as well as development potential of them. In any case, the development trend of two kinds
of design industries is inseparable. And throughout all of the contemporary design styles, I prefer flat
design.
If we contrast graphic design and interface differently, we can consider the biggest difference is that
graphic design can allow convey a little abstract , which is brand oriented, while interface design is totally
customer oriented. Although the function of both of them is communicate information. For instance, here
is a picture of Soviet poster called Beat the whites with Red wedge (El Lissitzky, 1920).
This poster is a good example of using symbols. It simplify the composition and structure to become
geometric–abstractive–colorful formal elements, which is make sure that the poster will have intensive
aesthetic feeling and visual impact. But imagine that, what will happen if designer use abstract symbol on
website index? The answer is user did not know the meaning of symbols and they could not browse the
website commendably. Here is a

Case Study On Concur Interface
White Paper Concur Interface Project: Lufkin (GE Oil & Gas) Author: Hari Kanamarla Table of Contents
Abstract: 3 Concur Usage in Oil & Gas Business: 3 Impact of Concur in Oil & Gas
Business:...............................................................................................................3 Solution Design: 4
Master data Loding from SAP to Concur: 4 Expenses Submitted from Concur to SAP: 4 Month end
Accrual from Concur to SAP: 5 Conclusion/Summery: 5 How will Your use case Bring Value to IGATE
Business/Vertical: 5 About the Author: 5 Abstract This White paper is focused to showcase how SAP will
integrated to Concur Interface. GE Employees Submit T & L Through Concur for Approval &
Reimbursement. Concur Arranges details of all T & L Expenses in a file

Health Care Interface Design
Interface Design for Healthcare Abstract. This paper is mainly discussing about the user interface design
problems faced by the healthcare professionals in the healthcare industry with the applications in their
handheld devices that assist them in dealing with daily routine work. The authors attempt to identify and
address the key problems from the previous researches. To tackle these issues, a mobile user interface
(UI) framework is reviewed as the basis for discussion and suggestion for improving future interface
design for healthcare. The discussion also includes case study on the interface design of an existing
medical applications available on iPhone as the example of evaluation.
1 Introduction
In the dynamic healthcare ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If only part of the screen is used to display information, users are unable to view the full information.
Typically, the medical information is delivered inside one display window on the handheld device. Only
part of the information is seen as it squeezed with other elements, for example, navigation buttons, menu,
and etc. to fit into the window. Most of the browsers in the computer are able to switch to full screen
display and this function enable users to hide the unwanted toolbars temporary while increasing screen
space for information display. However, this was not available on the browser of handheld device.
3.2 Scrolling is Not Good Design for Healthcare Interface Design
On top of that, research shows that most of the users do not like the scrolling button. Especially for users
of healthcare information, they all agreed with the suggestion that scrolling should be avoided or at least
minimized. In some interface design researches (e.g. Albers & Kim, 2001); researchers propose
dragging the content presented on a screen as another solution for this problem. But this way has been
proved that users are still not comfortable in other studies. As mentioned in previous research papers,
healthcare information in the PDA devices should be able to use visualization and interactivity and
minimize amount of text as much as possible on a screen. Scrolling is obviously not function for this
purpose. Usually, information of healthcare for learning is better

Analyitcs, Interfaces, and Cloud, Technology
Project Deliverable 4: Analytics, Interfaces, and Cloud Technology
Analytics, Interfaces, and Cloud Technology
What is Business Analytics? Business analytics (BA) is a method combining skills, technologies,
applications, and processes that is used by the company to gain valuable insight on the processes of the
business by collecting statistical data. BA is used by the company to improve the business decisions and
can be used to automate and optimize the business processes. A data driven company, such as SMB
Computation treats their data as a corporate asset and uses it to gain a competitive advantage. For
business analytics to be successful, skilled analysts who recognize the technologies and the companies,
organizational guarantee to the data–driven decision–making must collect quality data (Rouse, 2010). As
soon as the company's goals of the analysis are decided, an analysis procedure will be selected to support
the company's analysis goals. Collecting data from multiple business systems and filtering through the
data, then integrating them into a single place such as a data warehouse is usually the case with data
analysis. As the data is analyzed patterns and relationships within the data will be uncovered, which in
turn will bring forth more questions to be asks and the analytic process will continue until the company's
goals are met (Rouse, 2010). Business analytics and business intelligence are often used as the same term,
but there are a few differences between

What Is User Interface?
What is User Interface? "User Interface (UI) Design focuses on anticipating what users might need to do
and ensuring that the interface has elements that are easy to access, understand, and use to facilitate those
actions." [5] In this research paper I am going to take you through the history, basics, and advances. These
elements are very important to know because without them software designers would be lost.
To start, one of the biggest patterns in the history of software is the shift from computation design to
presentation design. Since our machines have become stronger more time has been spent on presantation.
"The history of that progression can be conveniently broken into three eras: batch (1945–1968),
command–line (1969–1983) and graphical (1984 and after). The story begins, of course, with the
invention[6] of the digital computer. The opening dates on the latter two eras are the years when vital new
interface technologies broke out of the laboratory and began to transform users ' expectations about
interfaces in a serious way. Those technologies were interactive timesharing and the graphical user
interface." [1]
In the batch era, computing power was very expensive. The larger computers of that era needed less logic
cycles per second. User interfaces were, very repetitive and basic. Users were doing most of the work for
their computers rather than the other way around. User interfaces became overhead and software was
designed to keep the processor a going like a

Advantages And Disadvantages Of A Brain-Computer Interface...
A Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) often called Brain–Machine Interface (BMI), Mind–Machine
Interface (MMI) or Direct Neural Interface (DNI) is a computer–based system that connects the brain to
an external device. The aim of Brain–Computer Interfaces is to export the user's intention to the world
through a connected device using his thoughts. Nowadays BCIs are mostly used to repair or restore
sensory–motor or cognitive functions after injuries or disorders such as the locked–in syndrome. The field
of BCI research has been focused on neuroprosthetics applications (Anupama, Cauvery and Lingaraju,
2012). The most widespread reported neuroprosthetics nowadays is the cochlear implant, with over
324'200 users worldwide as of December 2012 (Nidcd.nih.gov, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
On the more theoretical part, there is also research to find better algorithms to decode and analyse the
brain signals. Also translation is being researched as to be transposed to all or most

Gsm Specification & Air Interface
[pic]
WHAT IS GSM????
GSM: GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the
most popular standard for mobile telephone systems in the world. The GSM Association, its promoting
industry trade organization of mobile phone carriers and manufacturers, estimates that 80% of the global
mobile market uses the standard.
GSM Specifications–I
RF Spectrum
GSM 900
1. Mobile to BTS (uplink): 890–915 MHz
2. BTS to Mobile (downlink):935–960 MHz
3. Bandwidth: 2* 25 MHz
GSM 1800
1. Mobile to BTS (uplink): 1710–1785 MHz
2. BTS to Mobile (downlink) 1805–1880 MHz
3. Bandwidth: 2* 75 MHz
GSM ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The purpose of LPC is to reduce the bit rate. The LPC provides parameters for a filter that mimics the
vocal tract. The signal passes through this filter, leaving behind a residual signal. Speech is encoded at 13
kbps.
GSM Subscriber Services
There are two basic types of services offered through GSM: telephony (also referred to as tele services)
and data (also referred to as bearer services). Telephony services are mainly voice services that provide

subscribers with the complete capability (including necessary terminal equipment) to communicate with
other subscribers. Data services provide the capacity necessary to transmit appropriate data signals
between two access points creating an interface to the network. In addition to normal telephony and
emergency calling, the following subscriber services are supported by GSM:
* Dual–tone multi–frequency (DTMF) –DTMF is a tone signaling scheme often used for various control
purposes via the telephone network, such as remote control of an answering machine. GSM supports full–
originating DTMF.
* Facsimile group III –GSM supports CCITT Group 3 facsimile. As standard fax machines are designed
to be connected to a telephone using analog signals, a special fax converter connected to the exchange is
used in the GSM system. This enables a GSM–connected fax to communicate with any analog fax in the
network.
* Short message services –A convenient facility

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