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Physical or Chemical? A  physical change  does not alter the composition or identity of a substance. A  chemical change  alters the composition or identity of the substance(s) involved. 1.6 ice melting sugar dissolving  in water hydrogen burns in air to form water
An  extensive property  of a material depends upon how much matter is being considered. An  intensive property  of a material  does not  depend upon how much matter is is being considered. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Extensive and Intensive Properties 1.6
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Properties of Matter
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Properties of Matter
Separation of Mixtures
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Properties of Matter
 
CHEMISTRY is… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dioneda, Ingua, de Mesa
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Units of Measurement
1.7
1.7
Volume  – SI derived unit for volume is cubic meter (m 3 ) 1 L = 1000 mL = 1000 cm 3  = 1 dm 3 1 mL = 1 cm 3 1.7
Density  – SI derived unit for density is kg/m 3   1 g/cm 3  = 1 g/mL = 1000 kg/m 3 1.7 m  =  d  x  V = 21.5 g/cm 3  x 4.49 cm 3  = 96.5 g density =  mass volume d  = m V A piece of platinum metal with a density of 21.5 g/cm 3  has a volume of 4.49 cm 3 .  What is its mass? d  = m V
K =  0 C + 273.15 1.7 273 K = 0  0 C  373 K = 100  0 C 32  0 F = 0  0 C  212  0 F = 100  0 C  0 F =  x  0 C + 32 9 5
Convert 172.9  0 F to degrees Celsius. 1.7 0 F =  x  0 C + 32 9 5 0 F – 32 =  x  0 C 9 5 x ( 0 F – 32) =  0 C 9 5 0 C =  x ( 0 F – 32) 9 5 0 C =  x (172.9 – 32) = 78.3 9 5
1.8 Scientific Notation 6.022 x 10 23 1.99 x 10 -23 N x 10 n N is a number  between 1 and 10 n  is a positive or  negative integer The number of atoms in 12 g of carbon: 602,200,000,000,000,000,000,000 The mass of a single carbon atom in grams: 0.0000000000000000000000199
Scientific Notation 1.8 568.762 n > 0 568.762 = 5.68762 x 10 2 0.00000772 n < 0 0.00000772 = 7.72 x 10 -6 Addition or Subtraction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],4.31 x 10 4  + 3.9 x 10 3  = 4.31 x 10 4  + 0.39 x 10 4  = 4.70 x 10 4 move decimal left move decimal right
Significant Figures 1.8 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How many significant figures are in each of the following measurements? 24 mL 2 significant figures 3001 g 4 significant figures 0.0320 m 3 3 significant figures 6.4 x 10 4  molecules 2 significant figures 560 kg 2 significant figures 1.8
Significant Figures 1.8 Addition or Subtraction The answer cannot have more digits to the right of the decimal point than any of the original numbers. 89.332 1.1 + 90.432 round off to 90.4 one significant figure after decimal point 3.70 -2.9133 0.7867 two significant figures after decimal point round off to 0.79
Significant Figures 1.8 Multiplication or Division The number of significant figures in the result is set by the original number that has the  smallest  number of significant figures 4.51 x 3.6666 = 16.536366 = 16.5 6.8  ÷ 112.04 = 0.0606926  = 0.061 3 sig figs round to 3 sig figs 2 sig figs round to 2 sig figs
Significant Figures 1.8 Exact Numbers Numbers from definitions or numbers of objects are considered to have an infinite number of significant figures The average of three measured lengths; 6.64, 6.68 and 6.70? Because 3 is an exact number 6.64 + 6.68 + 6.70 3 = 6.67333 = 6.67  = 7
Accuracy  – how close a measurement is to the  true  value Precision  – how close a set of measurements are to each other accurate & precise precise but not  accurate not  accurate & not  precise 1.8
1.9 Dimensional Analysis Method of Solving Problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 L = 1000 mL How many mL are in 1.63 L? 1L 1000 mL 1.63 L x = 1630 mL 1L 1000 mL 1.63 L x = 0.001630 L 2 mL
The speed of sound in air is about 343 m/s.  What is this speed in miles per hour? 1 mi = 1609 m 1 min = 60 s 1 hour = 60 min meters to miles seconds to hours 1.9 343 m s x 1 mi 1609 m 60 s 1 min x 60 min 1 hour x = 767 mi hour
QUIZ 1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Measurements

  • 1.  
  • 2. Physical or Chemical? A physical change does not alter the composition or identity of a substance. A chemical change alters the composition or identity of the substance(s) involved. 1.6 ice melting sugar dissolving in water hydrogen burns in air to form water
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 8.
  • 9.  
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12. 1.7
  • 13. 1.7
  • 14. Volume – SI derived unit for volume is cubic meter (m 3 ) 1 L = 1000 mL = 1000 cm 3 = 1 dm 3 1 mL = 1 cm 3 1.7
  • 15. Density – SI derived unit for density is kg/m 3 1 g/cm 3 = 1 g/mL = 1000 kg/m 3 1.7 m = d x V = 21.5 g/cm 3 x 4.49 cm 3 = 96.5 g density = mass volume d = m V A piece of platinum metal with a density of 21.5 g/cm 3 has a volume of 4.49 cm 3 . What is its mass? d = m V
  • 16. K = 0 C + 273.15 1.7 273 K = 0 0 C 373 K = 100 0 C 32 0 F = 0 0 C 212 0 F = 100 0 C 0 F = x 0 C + 32 9 5
  • 17. Convert 172.9 0 F to degrees Celsius. 1.7 0 F = x 0 C + 32 9 5 0 F – 32 = x 0 C 9 5 x ( 0 F – 32) = 0 C 9 5 0 C = x ( 0 F – 32) 9 5 0 C = x (172.9 – 32) = 78.3 9 5
  • 18. 1.8 Scientific Notation 6.022 x 10 23 1.99 x 10 -23 N x 10 n N is a number between 1 and 10 n is a positive or negative integer The number of atoms in 12 g of carbon: 602,200,000,000,000,000,000,000 The mass of a single carbon atom in grams: 0.0000000000000000000000199
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21. How many significant figures are in each of the following measurements? 24 mL 2 significant figures 3001 g 4 significant figures 0.0320 m 3 3 significant figures 6.4 x 10 4 molecules 2 significant figures 560 kg 2 significant figures 1.8
  • 22. Significant Figures 1.8 Addition or Subtraction The answer cannot have more digits to the right of the decimal point than any of the original numbers. 89.332 1.1 + 90.432 round off to 90.4 one significant figure after decimal point 3.70 -2.9133 0.7867 two significant figures after decimal point round off to 0.79
  • 23. Significant Figures 1.8 Multiplication or Division The number of significant figures in the result is set by the original number that has the smallest number of significant figures 4.51 x 3.6666 = 16.536366 = 16.5 6.8 ÷ 112.04 = 0.0606926 = 0.061 3 sig figs round to 3 sig figs 2 sig figs round to 2 sig figs
  • 24. Significant Figures 1.8 Exact Numbers Numbers from definitions or numbers of objects are considered to have an infinite number of significant figures The average of three measured lengths; 6.64, 6.68 and 6.70? Because 3 is an exact number 6.64 + 6.68 + 6.70 3 = 6.67333 = 6.67 = 7
  • 25. Accuracy – how close a measurement is to the true value Precision – how close a set of measurements are to each other accurate & precise precise but not accurate not accurate & not precise 1.8
  • 26.
  • 27. The speed of sound in air is about 343 m/s. What is this speed in miles per hour? 1 mi = 1609 m 1 min = 60 s 1 hour = 60 min meters to miles seconds to hours 1.9 343 m s x 1 mi 1609 m 60 s 1 min x 60 min 1 hour x = 767 mi hour
  • 28.