limbah

1. Waste Management
An integrated approach towards
Sustainable Business
Zenith Inti Pratama
Eko Sri Wibowo
Consultant Team

2. Mengapa anda di sini ?
Disuruh Boss ? Boss orders
Perlu penyegaran dari rutinitas kerja ? Need
refreshing from your routine work
Kepingin tahu ? Curiosity to know more?
Bukan semua yang di atas ? Not all of the above
Semua yang di atas ? All of the above

3. Introduce your self
Name
Worksite
Position
Your understanding on Quality,
Environment and Safety System

4. The concept of pollution
prevention
BACKGROUND
 Waste is increasingly becoming a problem for
Indonesia, and getting serious attention by the
society – align with growth of industry
 Quantity and variety of new chemicals – mostly
hazardous chemicals
 Various types of wastes from different types of
industry : manufacturing, mining, oil & gas,
farming, etc.
 Hazardous waste in Indonesia is regulated by :
PP no.19 / 1999 juncto PP no.85/1999.

5. Source : Enri Damanhuri, Zenith Training, 2007.

6. From Raw Material to Waste

7. Source of Waste Generation

8. Source of waste

9. Is waste a problem of
Environment? Or Economy?
 The bigger the waste, the more losses
 The cost of treating waste is getting higher
 The cost of waste treatment can be higher than employees’
wage
 Reduction of waste presents an economical benefit
(competitive advantage)
Identifying environmental
solutions to economic activities
Identifying economic activities
which have significant positive impact to
the environment

10. Triple Bottom Line concept
Economical success
Environmentally friendly
Socially acceptable
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
WCSD
World Council for Sustainable Development
Moral Legal Financial
Foundations of the Modern Business

11. The product of chemical
substances
 Use of chemicals since early civilization
 1000 new chemicals annually produced (data up
to 1995). Almost 11 mio substances have been
identified
 There are over 63,000 different types of chemicals
traded. 50,000 are daily used. 1,500 active
pesticide. 4000 active ingredients for medicine.
2500 for additives. Only a few hundred have been
evaluated regarding its impact to health &
environment.

12. Effects to Health
 From the characteristics of Hazardous Wastes
(Limbah B3)
– Immediate life threatening : explosive, flammable,
reactive, corrosive.
– Toxic to humans (acute or chronic)
– Infectious (commonly from hospital waste)
 From the 3 Groups, the Chronic Toxic must be
anticipated because of its long term effects

13. Chronic effects of hazardous chemicals
Substance Carcinogenic effect Non carcinogenic
effect
Lead (Pb) / Timbal Kidney cancer Anemia, reduction of baby’s
weight, increasing blood
pressure, kidney damage
Benzene Leukimia Headaches, anemia
Arsen Lung cancer Liver, nervous system
damaged
Cadmium Lung cancer Kidney failure, anemia,
osteoporosis
Chromium Cancer Bronchitis, kidney failure, liver
damaged
Polycyclic Lung cancer, stomach cancer,
skin cancer
Liver damaged, dermatitis
Chlor organic substances
(organo-chlor)
Liver cancer Liver damage, neurological
effects

14. Minamata Tragedy
Love Canal

15. Reactive vs Proactive approach
 Reactive : waste treatment
 Proactive : cleaner production
 Cleaner Production :
– Limited natural resources
– Un-renewable resources
– Changing the input to the process reduce the use of toxic
chemicals
– Reducing waste by converting the raw materials into useful
by-products
– Changing the design, composition or packaging of the product

17. Elimination
Substitution
Engineering
Administration
Isolation

18. Reducing waste
 Is usually not expensive
 It involves changing the behavior (effort)
 Use of Raw material
– Minimize the use of raw material which in extraction or
purification produces residuals in high quantities
– Avoid using raw material which in the transporting
process produces high quantities of residues.

19. Environmental Effort
 Minimization of waste
– Reduce the volume & toxicity
 Modification of the process :
– Organic solvents to water based solvents
– High Quality raw materials to avoid haz wastes
 Segregations of waste from the source
– Avoid mixing Haz Waste with Non-Haz Wastes
– Solid waste -> do not allow water / become humid
– Labelling -> to hazardous waste containers /
containment

20.  Reduce : use less materials
 Re-use : in another batch for the same product
 Re-make : when not re-use, re-work into a less
expensive product
 Re-cycle : re-introduce old material with new
material although not always economical, but
ecologically beneficial
Environmental Effort
6R : refine, reduce, re-use, recycle, recovery, retrieve-to-energy

21. Technological approach in waste management

22. The oil industry falls into Annexure I of PP 18/1999.