This document discusses different types of radiation and their effects. It describes: 1) Radiation is the transfer of energy through space or matter. It includes electromagnetic radiation like radio waves and x-rays. 2) Humans and organisms are exposed to both ionizing radiation, which can damage cells, and non-ionizing radiation like infrared light, which has weaker thermal effects. 3) Ionizing radiation comes from natural sources like cosmic rays and radioactive elements in the ground, as well as man-made sources like nuclear weapons, power plants, medical imaging, and nuclear accidents.

1. Radiation
Základná škola Viliama Záborského
Vrable
Slovakia
Made for Erasmusplus
Let´s save the life on our planet

2. What is it Radiation?
• Radiation is one-way transfer of energy in the space.
• This energy (in terms of electromagnetic radiation) is
transmitted by photons, particles of zero mass
moved by speed of the light.

3. • Man, as well as the other living organisms in nature
are constantly exposed to a different radiation.
• We are exposed to both ionizing and non-ionizing
radiations.
• Non-ionizing radiation such as radio and television
waves and infrared light radiation, due to the low
power, don´t have a big impact on organisms, at
most only a weaker thermal effects.
• The inhabitants on the Earth are exposed to
ionizing radiation, which is
called radiation background .
.

4. • The main attention will be concentrated to the
ionizing radiations.
• These may be natural and artificial that means man-
made .

5. Radiation influence on the life
• In the present the most often discussed question
is the question of the impact of ionizing
radiation on the environment.
• The first, most negative effects of ionizing
radiation, people began to realize already at the
end of the second world war when the atom
bomb, nuclear weapons were tested
and some accidents
at nuclear power stations happened.

6. • On the other hand in the last century enormous
development of applications of ionizing radiation
started especially in medicine, biology, chemistry,
engineering, materials science.
• Nuclear energy has become a source of energy for
people.
• All these factors - both positive and negative,
have contributed to the fact that we are
interested in the essence of radiation ,
we are interested in learning more
about the effects of ionizing radiation
on humans and the related radiation safety.

7. Natural radiation
• A lot of radiation is forming in the Universe.
We call it cosmic radiation. It isn ´t
dangerous for life.
• Just small quantity impacts on the Earth
because our atmosphere
flashes it and so
we are protected.

8. Artificial radiation
• Artificial radioactivity is associated with
products created from nuclear weapons
tests and the operation of nuclear facilities
such as nuclear reactors.

9. Nuclear power stations
• Nuclear power stations produces
electricity.
• It consists usually of a nuclear reactor ,
steam turbine alternator and many other
services.

10. Are nuclear power stations safe?
• Most energy from nuclear power stations is
produced in France, Germany, USA, Japan
and Russia.
• In most countries, however, the old nuclear
power plants are still in service with
outdated technology.
• They are pushed
with international
community to stop some
of them especially Russia .

11. Atomic and thermonuclear weapons
• Significant danger for all life are atomic and nuclear
weapons.
• They include all weapons using the devastating effects of
a nuclear explosion.
• The devastating effects of the atomic explosion are
enormous.Thermal effects of inflammation, melting or
chars items.
• In place of explosion the temperature of several million
degrees is created.
• The sharp expansion of hot air
creates a pressure wave that
spreads faster than sound.

12. • The shock wave destroys everything within
a few kilometers from the epicenter.
• Huge radiation - the visible, ultraviolet
and infrared is dangerous to the distance
of several hundred meters.
• By using these weapons increases the total
radioactivity of the biosphere.

13. Radiation in medicine
• Ionizing radiation is used in medicine for
diagnosis and treatment.
• Radiology is the use of ionizing (and non-
ionizing) radiation to diagnose the disease.
• At radiotherapy, the harmful effects of
ionizing radiation on the tumor cells are
used to kill tumors. The disadvantage of this
treatment is, that this ionizing radiation can
damage the surrounding
healthy organs, too.

14. • Harmfulness of radiation on the human
body has been displayed since its
discovery.
• Therefore it is necessary to follow all
safety instructions, in health care, at the
work in nuclear power plants, ...
• And strictly reject the use of atomic and
nuclear weapons.

15. The Quiz
Q: Where does natural radiation create?
Answer :
In the Universe
Q: Why isn´t Cosmic radiation so dangerous?
Answer :
Because the atmosphere protects the Earth and only
small part reaches our Earth.
Q: Name source of artificial radiation:
Answer :
Nuclear power stations
Atomic and nuclear weapons

16. Thank you for attention
Students of ERASMUS + club
Primary school of Viliam Záborský Vráble
Slovakia

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