Nuclear pollution is caused by nuclear explosions and the generation of nuclear energy through fission or fusion. It produces radioactive pollution in the form of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation that enters the atmosphere and eventually falls back to Earth. This radiation can damage plants and animals, and cause diseases and health effects in humans like skin diseases, reproductive organ damage, abnormal bone marrow, retinal damage, and shortened lifespans. Control measures include proper maintenance of nuclear plants, limiting nuclear experiments and weapons, safe transportation and storage of nuclear materials, minimizing nuclear element use, and safely disposing of radioactive waste.

1. PRESENTED BY:
SHUJATH ALI KHAN

2. o Nuclear Pollution
o Radioactive Pollution
o Causes of Nuclear Pollution
o Effects on Plants
o Effects on Animals
o Effects on Humans
o Control and Measures
o Conclusion

3.  WHAT IS NUCLEAR
POLLUTION?
 One of the most important and dangerous type of pollution
is nuclear pollution.
 Nuclear pollution is produced by nuclear
explosion which are carried out for performing
nuclear tests.
 Produced by generation of energy by nuclear fission or
nuclear fusion.

4. What is Nuclear Fusion??
In Nuclear fusion the heavy nucleus splits into two
nuclei and it releases a huge energy.

5. What is Nuclear Fission??
It is when two light nuclei of hydrogen fuse to form a
helium nucleus and they release a large
amount of energy.

6.  Due to explosion about 15 to 20% of the radioactive
particles enter into the stratosphere.
 Once they entered into the air they continue to fall on
the earth after about every 6 month up to several
years.
 Almost 5% of the radio active material entered into
the troposphere, which is the lowermost layer of the
atmosphere.

7.  The radioactive pollution is defined as the physical pollution
of air, water and the other radioactive materials.
 What is Radiation?
“Invisible energy waves or particles”
1)Natural Radiation:The natural radiations are also
known as the background radiations.
Eg:
Cosmic Rays:The cosmic rays contain highly energetic particles
which reach the surface of the earth causing pollution.

8.  2)Man-made Radiation:These are the radiations which
induce the ionisation of atoms and molecules.
 Ionisation of a molecule produces two fragments.
Eg:
Alpha (α) Radiation: Alpha radiation contains energetic -
alpha particles.
It carries two units of positive charges and strongly
interact with living tissues.
beta (β) Radiation: Is made up of energetics electrons. It
carries one unit of negative charge and interacts strongly
with matter.
gamma (γ) Radiation: Gamma radiations are made up
of high energy photons. Photons bring about strong
electro-magnetic interaction with matter.

10. Nuclear Power Plant
Nuclear Experiments

11. Nuclear Accidents
Use of Nuclear Weapons

12. Effects on Plants:
 Green plants are extremely sensitive to gamma rays.
 Plants response varies according to age, growth stage,
plant species, chromosome volume and level of radiation.
 Degree of damage intensity and duration of exposure of
radiation.

13. Effects on Animals:
 It may include tumor, dry, itchy skin, hair loss and
discoloration of the skin around the tumor site.
 In addition, these particular tumors often release a
disagreeable odour as the cancerous cells die.
 More serious side effects may include some nerve damage and
either the death or hardening (called fibrosis) of healthy tissue.

14.  1)Skin Diseases
2)Damage of Reproductive Organs
3)Causes of Abnormality in Bone Marrow
4)Destroys Retina of Eyes
5)Shortening of Life Span

15.  Proper maintenance of nuclear plants.
 Preventive nuclear experiments.
 Safe Transportation.
 Ban usage of nuclear weapons.
 Proper Storage.
 Minimize use of nuclear elements.
 Extraction of radioactive elements from nuclear waste.
 Laboratory generated nuclear wastes should be disposed
off safely and scientifically.

16. Conclusion
For Radiation, like other aspects of nuclear science, can
be both destructive and beneficial.
The intelligent use of radiation for the treatment of
cancer, medical diagnosis, food preservation, and other
useful applications requires an informed public.
Likewise, the solutions to the storage of nuclear waste
also necessitate public understanding of the effects of
nuclear radiation.