Nuclear pollution occurs when radioactive substances or radiation contaminate the environment. Major sources include nuclear power plants and nuclear weapons testing. Nuclear pollution can affect all life forms and potentially cause mutations, cancer, and death depending on radiation exposure levels. While nuclear power has benefits, it also produces hazardous nuclear waste and accidents can release radiation. Proper handling, storage, and containment of radioactive materials and waste is needed to control nuclear pollution and its severe health impacts.

1. NUCLEAR POLLUTION
Presented by
SABRES
Bangladesh university of Business & Technology

2. SABRES
1.Yeasmin Akter
2.Rokeya Sutana Keya
3.Joynul Abedin Asif
4.IstiaqAhmed Saif
5.Md Sabbir Hossen Sonet

3. TOPIC TO BE DISCUSSED
 Nuclear pollution
 Its impact on Environment
 It’s sources
 Nuclear pollution’s effect
 And it’s control

4. NUCLEAR POLLUTION
“We can’t see it. We can’t
smell it. We can’t touch
it. The effects may not
show up now, in this
decade, this generation
even in this
century. Nevertheless,
these senseless nuclear
impacts on us are far
beyond imagination…”

5. NUCLEAR POLLUTION
If traces of the radioactive substances are present
in the water that is released from the plant, it will
cause nuclear pollution. Emission of radiations can
also cause this kind of pollution.
Any undesirable effect caused to the environment
due to radioactive substances or radiations is called
nuclear pollution.
Major source is the Nuclear power plants.

6. NUCLEAR POLLUTION
It affects almost all life
forms in the surrounding
environment. From
planktons to Human beings
nothing is spared. To be
more specific, the
radiations can cause
mutations that lead to
cancer, and the dose of
radiation or the level of
pollution determines
lethality or how deadly it is.

7. NUCLEAR POLLUTION
On entering this layer,
they start falling into the
earth’s atmosphere.
This fall can take
anywhere from 6months
to several years. 5% of
these radioactive
particles enter
troposphere, which is
the lowest layer of the
atmosphere.

8. NUCLEAR POWER
Nuclear power has developed into a mature
and commercial reality with its part of
success and threats. Although nuclear
power can be used to generate electricity in
an environment friendly manner, it is a
subject of controversies owing to the threats
related to it. Nuclear power has positive as
well as negative impacts on people, society
and environment Positive Impacts on
People.

9. NUCLEAR POWER
The potential of nuclear power has been
recognized by people. It is capable of providing
unlimited and easily accessible energy. Due to
the depletion in reserves of fossil fuels, costs of
fuels and power is increasing at a fast pace
which is directly affecting the people. Besides,
the use of fossil fuels results in production of
harmful oxides of carbon and nitrogen which
have an adverse effect on the health of humans
causing diseases like asthma, cancer, etc.

10. NUCLEAR RADIATION
Radiation is really nothing more than the emission of
energy waves through space, as well as through
physical objects. Usually these energy waves are
electromagnetic radiation which is classified into
Radio waves, Infrared waves, visible light, Ultraviolet
waves, X-ray, Gamma rays and Cosmic rays. The
actual radioactivity is a result of radioactive decay.
The three types of radiation with varying abilities to
penetrate objects or bodies are: Alpha, Beta, and
Gamma radiation.

12. NUCLEAR RADIATION
You can shield yourself from alpha radiation by
something as flimsy as a sheet of paper. Beta rays
need six millimeters of aluminum and gamma rays
are stopped by dense material only, like lead. These
travel easily through an inch of lead. And the higher
you are in the Earth’s atmosphere the more
exposed you are to these rays because the further
they travel into our atmosphere the more they are
slowed down. Astronauts are exposed to high levels
of cosmic radiation.

13. NUCLEAR POLLUTION
Nuclear hazard effects can be either initial or
residual. Initial effects occur in the immediate area
of explosion and are hazardous immediately after
the explosion where as the residual effects can last
for days or years and cause death. The principal
initial effects are blast and radiation. Blast causes
damage to lungs, ruptures eardrums, collapses
structures and causes immediate death or injury.
Thermal Radiation is the heat and light radiation,
which a nuclear explosion’s fireball emits producing
extensive fires, skin burns, and flash blindness.

14. NUCLEAR POLLUTION
However, nuclear pollution is
extremely hazardous in nature.
It occurs as a result of nuclear
explosions that are performed
while conducting nuclear tests.
These nuclear tests are carried
out to invent better nuclear
weapons. The explosions
cause release of 15 to 20%
radioactive material into the
stratosphere.

15. Nuclear radiation consists of intense
gamma rays And neutrons produced
during the first minute after
The explosion. This radiation causes
Extensive damage to cells throughout
the body. Radiation damage may cause
headaches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
and even death, depending on the
radiation dose received. The sources of
Radiation pollution involve any process
That emanates radiation in the
environment.

16. CAUSES
 Nuclear explosions and detonations of nuclear
weapons –U-235, Pu-239 for fission, H & Li for
fusion. Fallouts contain Sr-90, Cs-137, I-131
 Nuclear waste handling and disposal-high level &
low level
 Mining –radioactive gases like radon
 Nuclear accidents
 Medical X-Rays-from diagnostic X-rays & radiation
therapy for cancer.
 Nuclear reactors-U-235, U-238, Th-232

17. IMPACTS
The smallest particles of the radioactive material
are called fallout. The fallout settles on the leaves
of plants and trees. These leaves are eaten by the
grazing animals. Radioactive material now enters
the ecosystem. Humans consume these particles
through the process of food chain. Serious health
problems now arise. Ingestion of radioactive material
can lead to cancer and genetic mutation in humans.
Fallouts that do not drop on leaves accumulate over
the sea. This can be harmful for the sea life, which
ultimately affects the humans.

18. SOURCES OF NUCLEAR POLLUTION
The sources of radioactivity include both natural
and manmade.

19. EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR POLLUTION
Studies have shown that the health effects
due to radiation are dependent on the level of
dose, kind of radiation, duration of exposure
and types of cells irradiated. Radiation effects
can be somatic or genetic.

20. 1. SOMATIC EFFECTS:
Somatic effects the function of cells
and organs. It causes damages to
cell membranes, mitochondria and
cell nuclei resulting in abnormal cell
functions, cell division, growth and
death.

21. 2. GENETIC EFFECTS:
Genetic effects the future generations.
Radiations can cause mutations, which
are changes in genetic makeup of cells.
These effects are mainly due to the
damages to DNA molecules. People
suffer from blood cancer and bone
cancer if exposed to doses around 100
to 1000 roentgens. Instantaneous
deaths on exposure in the event if
disasters are many.

22. MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE
 The radioactive waste which comes out from
industry, nuclear reactors should be stored and
allowed to decay either naturally in closed drums or
in very large underground air tight cemented tanks
(Delay and Decay).
 The intermediate radioactive waste should be
disposed off into the environment after diluting it
with some inert materials (Dilute and Disperse)
 Now-a-days small quantities of high activity wastes
are converted into solids such as concrete and then
it is buried underground or sea. (Concentrate and
contain)

23. CONTROL MEASURES
 Laboratory generated nuclear wastes should be
disposed off safely and scientifically.
 Nuclear power plants should be located in areas
after careful study of the geology of the area,
tectonic activity and meeting other established
conditions.
 Appropriate protection against occupational
exposure.
 Leakage of radioactive elements from nuclear
reactors, careless use of radioactive elements as
fuel and careless handling of radioactive isotopes
must be prevented.

24. CONTROL MEASURES
 Safety measure against accidental release of
radioactive elements must be ensured in nuclear
plants.
 Unless absolutely necessary, one should not
frequently go for diagnosis by x-rays.
 Regular monitoring of the presence of radioactive
substance in high risk area should be ensured.
Among the many options for waste disposal, the
scientists prefer to bury the waste in hundreds of
meters deep in the earth’s crust is considered to be
the best safety long term option.

25. THANK YOU