Respiratory system structure, function of each part and effect of smoking on lungs

1. THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
Chapter 5
(Biology)

2. The breathing system is used by the body to get the oxygen
needed for respiration.
It is also use to get rid of the waste product of respiration,
the gas carbon dioxide.
Breathing in and breathing out are separate processes in
the body:
What is breathing?
Breathing in is also known as inhalation. When you inhale
you breathe in air, including oxygen, into your lungs.
Breathing out is also known as exhalation. When you exhale
you breathe out the contents of our lungs and getting rid of
the waste gas carbon dioxide.

3. To make energy, your body needs two things:
and
Your cells take in these two chemicals and do a
chemical reaction.
This process is called
RESPIRATION.

4. Aerobic respiration: word equation
activity

5. Respiratory system function
■ Respiratory systems allow animals to move
oxygen (needed for cellular respiration) into
body tissues and remove carbon dioxide
(waste product of cellular respiration) from
cells.

6. Location of the
respiratory
system
- Head
- Neck and
- Chest

7. The Respiratory System
Ribs
Bronchioles
Bronchi
Trachea
Rib muscles
Lung
DiaphragmAlveoli (“air sacs”)

8. The respiratory system can be divided into 3
parts:
1)The air
passages and
tubes
2)The pump
3)The
respiratory
surface

9. 1)The air passages and tubes
a)The nose b)The trachea c) Bronchi and
bronchiolesFunction:
- Air enters through the nose.
- Hairs in the nose trap dust
particles
- Lining of the nose produces a
watery liquid called mucus
(makes air moist and traps
bacteria)
- Blood vessels beneath the
nasal lining warms the air.
- It is about 10 cm long and
1.5 cm wide.
- Made of rings of cartilage.
- Each ring is in the shape of a
‘C’
- The inner lining is made up
of mucus secreting cells and
ciliated epithelial cells
Function:
- Mucus traps dust and
bacteria
- Cilia move the mucus to the
top of the trachea where it
enters the back of the mouth
and is swallowed.

10. c) Bronchi and bronchioles
■ The trachea divides into two smaller pipes
called Bronchi (singular: Bronchus)
■ The 2 bronchi are also made of hoops of
cartilage and have the same lining as the
windpipe.
■ The bronchi divide up into many smaller
tubes called bronchioles (diameter of
1mm).
■ The bronchioles divide many times.

11. ■ The bronchioles have walls made of
muscles, but, do not have hoops of
cartilage.
■ The wall muscles can make the diameter
of the bronchioles narrower or wider.
■ Some peoples suffer from asthma.
■ They suffer from allergy to certain
proteins in food or proteins in dust or
animal fur/feathers.
■ The presence of these proteins in the air
causes the bronchioles to become
narrower.This makes breathing very
difficult.

12. ■ A person suffering from an asthmatic
attack can use an inhaler.
■ The chemicals in the inhaler makes the
muscles relax to widen the bronchioles.

13. a)The chest wall
b)The
diaphragm
- Is made by ribs and their muscles.
- Each rib is attached to the backbone
by a joint that allows only as small
amount of movement.
- The muscles between the ribs are
called the internal and external
intercostal muscles.
- The action of these muscles moves
the ribs.
- Large sheet of muscle attach to the
10th rib.
- It separates the chest cavity, from
the body cavity, which contains the
stomach, intestines, liver and
kidneys
2)The air pump
(The small space between the lungs and the chest wall is called the pleural cavity)

14. Breathing movements
Breathing
movement
Inspiration Expiration
External intercostal
muscles
Rib action
Diaphragm muscles
Diaphragm action
Change in chest volume
Air

15. Breathing movements
Breathing
movement
Inspiration Expiration
External intercostal
muscles
Contract Relax
Rib action Move up Move down
Diaphragm muscles Contract Relax
Diaphragm action Moves down and becomes
flatter
Moves up and becomes
dome shaped
Change in chest volume Increases Decreases
Air Moves in Move out

16. Gaseous exchange (in the respiratory surface)

17. Use the video to answer the following
question.
Q) How does gas exchange take place in
the alveoli?