History of Organisational Behaviour

1. HISTORY OF
ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOR
Presented by- A.Raj Shravanthi

2.  Classical View
 Bureaucracy
 Scientific Management
 Administrative
 Neoclassical
 Human Relations Movement
 Chester Barnard
 Integrating management theories
 Contingency Approach
 System
 Behavioural approach
 Quantitative approach
EARLY
MANAGEMENT
APPROACHES
MODERN
MANAGEMENT
APPROACHES

3. Classical Administration Theory
Classical View (Early 1900s-1920)
Bureaucracy:
Max Weber(father of modern sociology)
Strict chain of command, detailed rules,
high specialization, centralized power,
and selection and promotion based on
technical competence

4. Classical Administration Theory
Scientific management:
 Focusses on worker & machine relationship.
 Frederick Taylor(1911)-Father of Scientific
Management.
 Published- Principles of Scientific Management
 Gilberth- “one best way” of doing work
 Motion study & time study
 Henry Gantt(1861-1919)- Gantt charts
 Henry focussed on motivational schemes,
leadership and management skills for an effective

5. Classical Administration Theory
Administrative Management:
 Henri Fayol (1941-1924), popularized the
concept of the “universality of management
principles”
 Father of Modern Management.
 Attempts to prescribe the “correct” way to
manage an organization and achieve its goals
 High specialization of labour (each dept
tended to its own business, and decision
making was centralized)

6. Neoclassical School
 Human relations
 Chester Barnard(1886-1961)

7. Human Relations Movement
 Advocates management styles that are more
participative and oriented towards employee
needs
 Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric
Company; 1924-1932
 Initiated as an attempt to investigate how
characteristics of the work setting affect
employee fatigue and performance (i.e., lighting)
 Found that productivity increased regardless of
whether illumination was raised or lowered

8. Chester Barnard
 3 top functions of executives-
1. Establish and maintain an effective
communication system
2. Hire and retain effective personnel
3. Motivate those personnel
 He gave ‘Acceptance Theory of Authority;

9. Modern management approach
 System theory
 Contingency view
 Behavioural approach
 Quntitative approach

10. System approach
 Emerged during 1940s and World War-2
 System is also an organization just like a
human body.
 it can be defined as “essentially a set or assembly
of things interconnection or interdependent , so as
to form a complex unites”
 Any degree of change will affect some other
system.
 Firstly applied in the fields of science and
engineering system.
 There are 2 major types of system:
1)open system. 2) Closed system.

11. Goals and Values
Technology
Structure
Public
Government
Inputs Outputs
Sub Systems
System Approach

12. Contingency View(mid 1960s)
 Also called Situational approach
 Emphasizes the fit b/w organisation process
and the characteristic of the situation.
 It assumes that managerial behaviour is
dependent on wide variety of elements.

13. Behavioural approach
 It is improved and more mature version of the
human relations approach.
 Scientists like Douglas McGregor, Abraham
Maslow, Kurt Lewin, Chester Barnard, Mary
Parker Follet etc contributed to this
behavioural approach hence they are called
Behavioural scientists.
 Their contributions helped in understanding
OB.

14. Quantitative approach
 Also called the management science approach
 It gained momentum during 2nd world war to
seek solutions to complex problems in warfare
 The scientists engaged for this purpose were
known as Operations Research teams(‘.’ it
included contruction of mathematical models
to simulate the problem)

15. References
Textbooks :
 Organisational Behaviour- Stephen P. Robbins
 Principles of Management- Harold Koontz, Heinz
Weihrich, A Ramachandran Aryasri.
Internet :
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_studie
s
 www.prenhall.com