thanks to my references

1. GOOD NOON
METEOROLOGISTS!
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2. ATMOSPHERE
(gaseous sphere)
is a mixture great blanket of gases that surrounds
the Earth
reaches over 560 kilometers from the surface of the
Earth
absorbs the energy from the Sun
recycles water and other chemicals.
protects us from high-energy radiation.
protects, maintains, and supports life.
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3. COMPOSITION OF
THE ATMOSPHERE
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7. Layers
OF THE ATMOSPHERE
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8. ftwjr. 8

9. TROPOSPHERE
lowest layer/closest layer
extends from the Earth’s
surface to about 7 km at the
poles and 17 km at the
equator
“turning sphere”
“weather sphere”
the temperature decreases with
height
the pressure decreases with
height
Winds increase with height up
to the jet stream
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10. TROPOSPHERE
jet streams – rivers of
strong winds moving from
west to east with a velocity
of 400 km/h
The moisture concentration
decreases with height up to
the tropopause.
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11. STRATOSPHERE
lies between 10 km to
50 km
a region of uniform
temperature, steady
winds, and little
weather
NACREOUS CLOUDS
is stratified in
temperature, with
warmer layer higher up
and cooler layer lower
down
temperature increases
with altitude
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12. STRATOSPHERE
OZONE LAYER
 extends from 15 km
to 50 km
 absorbs UVR from
the Sun
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13. MESOSPHERE
is about 50 km to 80
km above the earth’s
surface
temperature decreases
with height to about
-800C at the
mesopause
Coldest layer with little
ozone
where meteors burn
receives
cosmic/meteoric dust
particles forming
NOCTILUCENT
CLOUDS
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14. THERMOSPHERE
extends from 80km to
1280km
temperature increases
with height to about
1800oC
air is extremely thin
acts as reflectors of
electromagnetic waves
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15. IONOSPHERE
extends from 80km to
640km
air is extremely thin
where AURORAS are
being formed
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16. IONOSPHERE
LAYERS:
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17. EXOSPHERE
uppermost/outermost part
extends from 640 km to 1280 km
temperature increases with altitude
where ions and molecules travel in
ballistics orbits and some of them
escape right out into space
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18. Layers of
Atmosphere
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19. Weather elements
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20. TEMPERATURE
is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the
particles in a substance.
Vertical Temperature Variation:
Temperature decreases with increased
altitude
Normal lapse rate – a decrease of 6.5oC
per km
Dry adiabatic lapse rate – a decrease of
10oC per km
Wet adiabatic lapse rate – a decrease of
6oC per km
Temperature decreases with increased
altitude
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21. TEMPERATURE
Horizontal Temperature Variation:
ISOTHERMS
Are lines drawn on weather
maps to show places with the
same temperature at a given
time
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22. PRESSURE
is the force per unit area exerted by
the gases in the atmosphere due to
the weight of the atmosphere of Earth
decreases with increased altitude
a rate of 35 mb/1000ft
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23. NORMAL PRESSURE READING
@sea level
= 14.7 psi
= 29.92 inHg
= 760 mmHg
= 760 torr
= 1 atm
= 101325 Pa
= 1013.25 mb
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24. ISOBARS
smoothed curved lines of equal barometric
pressure readings at a given time
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25. HUMIDITY
is the amount of water vapor in the
atmosphere.
the capacity of the air for holding
water vapor depends on the
temperature of the air
EXPRESSING HUMIDITY
Absolute Humidity – is the weight of water
vapor in a particular volume of air
Specific Humidity – is the weight of water vapor
in a particular unit mass of moist air
Mixing Ratio – is the weight of water vapor in a
particular unit mass of dry air
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26. EXPRESSING HUMIDITY
Relative Humidity– is the amount of water
vapor actually present in the air compared to the
total amount the air can hold.
Dew point – the temperature at which air is saturated
and condensation forms.
a decrease of 20C per km from the ground dew
point
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27. CLOUDS
--are visible aggregates of minute
condensed water vapor that float in
the atmosphere.
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29. PRECIPITATION
is any product of the condensation of
atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity
rain
drizzle
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30. PRECIPITATION
snow
sleet
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31. PRECIPITATION
frost
dew
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32. PRECIPITATION
rime
hail/hailstone
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33. WIND
horizontal movement of the atmosphere close
to the Earth.
results from unequal heating of the
atmosphere.
always moves from H to L
speed of the wind depends on the pressure
gradient
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34. •Beaufort Wind Scale
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35. FERREL’S LAW:
“In the N.H., a north or south wind
will be deflected to the right of its straight
course, and in the S.H., to the left.”
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36. GENERAL CIRCULATION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
WIND BELTS:
Doldrums
TRADEWINDS
TRADEWINDS
Intertropical
Convergence
Zone (ITCZ)
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37. GENERAL CIRCULATION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
WIND BELTS:
Doldrums
TRADEWINDS
TRADEWINDS
Horse Latitudes
Trade Winds
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38. GENERAL CIRCULATION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
WIND BELTS:
Doldrums
TRADEWINDS
TRADEWINDS
Sub-polar Lows
Prevailing
westerlies
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39. GENERAL CIRCULATION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
WIND BELTS:
Doldrums
TRADEWINDS
TRADEWINDS
Polar Highs
Polar
easterlies
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40. VISIBILITY
DESCRIPTION RANGE
VERY POOR >1km
POOR Between 1-4 km
MODERATE Between 4-10km
GOOD Between 10-20km
VERY GOOD Between 20-40km
EXCELLENT More than 40km
 is a measure of the distance at which an object or light
can be clearly discerned.
 refers to transparency of air
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41. “If you were caught in a storm, fight the
storm and don’t give up your ship.”
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