Key Differences Between NBFC and Bank

1. Key Differences Between NBFC and Bank
The difference between NBFC and bank can be drawn clearly on the following
grounds:
1. A government authorised financial intermediary that aims at providing
banking services to the general public is called the bank. An NBFC is a
company that provides banking services to people without holding a bank
license.
2. An NBFC is incorporated under the Indian Companies Act, 1956 whereas a
bank is registered under Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
3. NBFC is not allowed to accept such deposits which are repayable on
demand. Unlike banks, which accepts demand deposits.
4. Foreign Investments up to 100% is allowed in NBFC. On the other hand,
only banks of the private sector are eligible for foreign investment, and that
would be not more than 74%.
5. Banks are an integral part of payment and settlement cycle while NBFC, is
not a part of the system.
6. It is mandatory for bank maintain reserve ratios like CRR or SLR. As
opposed to NBFC, which does not require to maintain reserve ratios.
7. The deposit insurance facility is allowed to the depositors of banks by
Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC). Such
facility is unavailable in the case of NBFC.
8. Banks create credit, whereas NBFC is not involved in the creation of credit.
9. Banks provide transaction services to the customers, such as providing
overdraft facility, the issue of traveller’s cheque, transfer of funds, etc. Such
services are not provided by NBFC.
BASIS FOR COMPARISON NBFC BANK
Meaning An NBFC is a
company that
provides banking
services to people
without holding a
bank license.
Bank is a
government
authorized
financial
intermediary
that aims at
providing
banking

2. BASIS FOR COMPARISON NBFC BANK
services to the
general public.
Incorporated under Companies Act 1956 Banking
Regulation Act,
1949
Demand Deposit Not Accepted Accepted
Foreign Investment Allowed up to 100% Allowed up to
74% for private
sector banks
Payment and Settlement system Not a part of system. Integral part of
the system.
Maintenance of Reserve Ratios Not required Compulsory
Deposit insurance facility Not available Available
Credit creation NBFC do not create
credit.
Banks create
credit.
Transaction services Not provided by
NBFC.
Provided by
banks.
Branch Banking Unit Banking
About A bank that is
connected to one or
more other banks in an
area or outside of it.
Provides all the usual
financial services but is
Single, usually
small bank that
provides
financial
services to its
local

3. BASIS FOR COMPARISON NBFC BANK
backed and ultimately
controlled by a larger
financial institution.
community.
Does not have
other bank
branches
elsewhere.
Stability Typically very resilient,
able to withstand local
recessions (e.g., a bad
harvest season in a
farming community)
thanks to the backing of
other branches.
Extremely prone
to failure when
local economy
struggles.
Operational Freedom Less More
Legal History Restricted or prohibited
for most of U.S. history.
Allowed in all 50 states
following the Riegle-
Neal Interstate Banking
and Branching
Efficiency Act of 1994.
Preferred form
of banking for
most of U.S.
history, despite
its tendency to
fail. Proponents
were wary of
branch
banking's
concentration of
power and
money.
Loans and advances Loans and advances
are based on merit,
irrespective of the
status .
Loans and
advances can
be influenced by
authority and
power.
Financial resources Larger financial
resources in each
branch.
Larger financial
resources in
one branch
Decision-making Delay in Decision-
making as they have to
depend on the head
office.
Time is saved
as Decision-
making is in the
same branch.

4. BASIS FOR COMPARISON NBFC BANK
Funds Funds are transferred
from one branch to
another.Underutilisation
of funds by a branch
would lead to regional
imbalances
Funds are
allocated in one
branch and no
support of other
branches.During
financial
crisis,unit bank
has to close
down.hence
lead to regional
imbalances or
no balance
growth
Cost of supervision High Less
Concentration of power in the hand of few
people
Yes No
Specialisation Division of labour is
possible and hence
specialisation possible
Specialisation
not possible due
to lack of trained
staff and
knowledge
Competition High competiton with
the branches
Less
competition
within the bank
Profits Shared by the bank
with its branches
Used for the
development of
the bank
Specialised knowledge of the local
borrowers
Not possible and hence
bad debits are high
Possible and
less risk of bad
debts
Distribution of Capital Proper distribution of
capital and power.
No proper
distribution of
capital and
power.

5. BASIS FOR COMPARISON NBFC BANK
Rate of interest Rate of interest is
uniformed and
specified by the head
office or based on
instructions from RBI.
Rate of interest
is not uniformed
as the bank has
own policies
and rates.
Deposits and assets Deposits and assets
are
diversified,scattered
and hence risk is spead
at various places.
Deposits and
assets are nt
diversified and
are at one
place,hence risk
is not spread.