The document discusses the history and techniques of capturing motion in photography, focusing on pioneers like Eadweard Muybridge and Harold Edgerton. It outlines early innovations such as Muybridge's zoopraxiscope, which led to rudimentary animation, and Edgerton's use of strobe photography to capture fleeting moments. Additionally, it provides tips on how to effectively capture motion in still photographs using varying shutter speeds and camera settings.

1. “Photography takes an instant out of
time, altering life by holding it still.”
- Dorothea Lange
Capturing Motion in Still
Photography

2. Eadweard Muybridge
April 9, 1830 – May 8, 1904
Harold Edgerton
April 6, 1903 – January 4, 1990
Pioneers of Capturing Motion

3. Early experiments with
photography, time, and motion
Eadweard Muybridge
experimented with
photography and time,
producing famous
studies of human and
animal motion.
His work conclusively
proved that when
horses gallop, all four
hooves leave the
ground.

4. Early experiments with
photography, time, and motion
How did he do it?
Originally, Muybridge
lined up a series of
cameras next to each
other.
As the horse galloped
past, it would trigger
strings stretched
across the track and
connected to each
individual camera.

6. Early experiments with
photography, time, and motion
Eventually he perfected
this process and
created a camera with
multiple lenses and
plates. He would use
several of these
cameras, all controlled
by a single mechanism.

7. The Zoopraxiscope
Muybridge then
invented a machine,
the Zoopraxiscope, that
allowed him to play his
images in succession
in a rudimentary form
of animation.

8. The Zoopraxiscope
The images were
painted on glass disks,
which were then spun
and projected.
This early work in
photography and the
capturing of motion led
to other forms of
rudimentary animation.

9. Kineograph/Flip Books
Created by John
Barnes Linnett (1868)
A series of drawings in
a book that appeared
to move when the
pages were quickly
flipped.
These inventions all led
to the development of
motion pictures.

10. Capturing What the Eye Cannot
See
Harold Edgerton
wanted to push
Muybridge’s work to a
new level.
Many of Edgerton's
photographs show a
split second not
viewable by the naked
eye.

13. Edgerton and Strobe Photography
Photography has the
capability of capturing a
small fraction of time,
but it also has the
ability to show the
passage of time in one
photograph.
Unlike Muybridge's
work, this photograph
shows motion in one
frame, rather than
through a series of
photographs.

15. Click the image to play the video

16. Click the image to play the video

17. “Bullet Time”
Photography and Motion Pictures
Muybridge & Edgerton
Today
The maker’s of The
Matrix set up hundreds
of still cameras and
pieced the images
together to make a
moving image.
Unlike Muybridge’s,
these cameras were
activated electronically
by computer.

18. Click the image to play the video

19. “A still photograph is called a still photograph because
the picture doesn’t move, not because the objects in the
picture are not in motion. The photographer's mission,
should he decide to accept it, is to capture motion with
stillness.” - Vincent Versace
How to Capture Motion in
Still Photographs

20. Shutter Speed
● There are two things to remember:
○ The faster the shutter speed, the sharper the focus on
your subject.
○ A shutter speed slower than 1/60th of a second will blur a
moving object.

21. Freezing a Moment in Time
Use a fast shutter
speed (1/500th of a
second or less)
As you increase
shutter speed, you will
need to let more light
into the camera by
either opening the
aperture or increasing
the ISO.
Ideal conditions for this
type of photo are very
bright.

22. Blurred Subject With the
Background in Focus
To capture this picture,
you would place the
camera on the tripod
and take a picture with
long exposure.
(In other words, a slow
shutter speed - usually
more than one
second.)

23. Blurred Background With the
Subject/Foreground in Focus
Again, place the
camera on the tripod
and take a picture with
long exposure.
If your subject is a
person, make sure they
stay completely still
while you take the
picture.

24. Capturing Fireworks
Use a tripod.
Set your ISO to 50-200.
Close your aperture to
f8-f16.
Set your shutter speed
at 2-6 seconds.
Adjust the exposure
triangle until you get the
shot you want.

25. Panning With the Subject
This kind of photo also
uses a slow shutter
speed, but you pan the
camera with the
moving object so it
stays in focus, while
the background
appears blurred.
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26. Digitally Merging Photographs
(modern-day Edgerton strobe photography)
You can take a series
of photographs and
digitally merge them
using Adobe
Photoshop, or other
photo-editing software.
To take this kind of a
picture, shoot with a
fast shutter speed, and
use a tripod so that the
background in each
picture is the same.
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