This document presents information on various automation topics including variable frequency drives (VFDs), programmable logic controllers (PLCs), and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. It discusses the working and programming of VFDs and provides examples of PLC programming software. It also describes the typical components of a PLC and SCADA system including hardware such as I/O modules, processors, and programming devices as well as software packages. The document outlines advantages of automation, VFDs, PLCs, and concludes that automation can improve efficiency, accuracy, documentation, security, and customer service.

1. presented BY :-
Pratik gupta (eee 7TH SEM )

2. Contents
1. Introduction of automation
2. Variable frequency drive
• Working and its programming
• Advantages
3. Programmable logic controller
• Major component of plc
• Advantages
4. SCADA
• SCADA software
5. Conclusion
6. References

3. Introduction of automation
Automation is any sensing, detection, information-processing,
decision-making, or control action that
could be performed by humans but is actually
performed by a machine.
Automation is the use of control systems and
information technologies to reduce the need for
human work in the production of goods and services.
In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step
beyond mechanization

4. Advantage of automation
• Increased throughput or productivity.
• Improving operating efficiencies.
• Improved quality.
• Increase consistency of output.
• Reduced direct human labour costs and
expenses.
• Providing outstanding customer service.

5. VFD
• A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is a type of motor
controller that drives an electric motor by varying the
frequency and voltage supplied to the electric motor.
• Other names for a VFD are variable speed
drive, adjustable speed drive, adjustable frequency
drive, AC drive, microdrive, and inverter.
• VFDs are used in applications ranging from small
appliances to the largest of mine mill drives and
compressors.

7. Working of VFD
• The first stage of a Variable Frequency AC
Drive, or VFD, is the Converter.
• The VFD dc bus has a dc voltage with an AC
ripple. We can get rid of the AC ripple on the
DC bus by adding a capacitor.
• Now the inverter converts the DC back to AC
of required frequency.

8. Advantages of VFD
• VFDs allow you to match the speed of the
motor-driven equipment to the load
requirement.
• By operating motors at the most efficient
speed for your application, fewer mistakes will
occur, and production levels will increase.
• equipment will last longer and will have less
downtime due to maintenance when it’s
controlled by VFDs

9. ABB ACS 150 DRIVE

10. ABB ACS DRIVE PROGRAMING
Group
No.
Name/Value Description
99 START-UP DATA Definition of motor set-up data
04 FAULT HISTORY Fault history (read-only)
11 REFERENCE SELECT Maximum reference
12 CONSTANT SPEEDS Constant speeds
As default constant speed selection is
made through digital inputs DI3 and
DI4.
DI3 DI4 operation
0 0 No operation
0 1 Speed defined by parameter 1202 CONST SPEED 1
1 0 Speed defined by parameter 1203 CONST SPEED 2
1 1 Speed defined by parameter 1204 CONST SPEED 3

11. ABB ACS DRIVE PROGRAMING
Group No. Name/Value Description
13 ANALOG INPUTS Analog input signal minimum and
maximum
20 LIMITS Maximum frequency
21 START/STOP Stop mode of the motor
22 ACCEL/DECEL Acceleration and deceleration times
10 START/STOP/DIR The sources for external start, stop and
direction control
14 RELAY OUT Status information indicated through relay
output and relay operating delays
16 SYSTEM
CONTROLS
Run enable, parameter lock etc.
34 PANEL DISPLAY Selection of actual signals to be displayed
on the panel

12. PLC
A PLC (i.e. Programmable Logic Controller) is a device that
was invented to replace the necessary sequential relay circuits
for machine control.
The PLC works by looking at its inputs and depending upon
their state, turning on/off its outputs.
The user enters a program, usually via software, that gives the
desired results.
PLCs are used in many "real world" applications. Almost any
application that needs some type of electrical control has a
need for a PLC.

13. ABB TK406 unit , left-to-right: power supply unit, CPU, interface module and
communication processor

14. 14
Major Components of a Common PLC
POWER
SUPPLY
PROCESSOR
I M
N O
P D
U U
T L
E
O M
U O
T D
P U
U L
T E
PROGRAMMING
DEVICE
From
SENSORS
Pushbuttons,
contacts,
limit switches,
etc.
To
OUTPUT
Solenoids,
contactors,
alarms
etc.

15. 15
Major Components of a Common PLC
POWER SUPPLY
Provides the voltage needed to run the primary PLC components
I/O MODULES
Provides signal conversion and isolation between the internal
logic- level signals inside the PLC and the field’s high level
signal.

16. 16
Major Components of a Common PLC
PROCESSOR
Provides intelligence to command and govern the activities of the
entire PLC systems.
PROGRAMMING DEVICE
used to enter the desired program that will determine the sequence
of operation and control of process equipment or driven machine.

17. Advantages of PLC:
 Less wiring.
Wiring between devices and relay contacts are
done in the PLC program.
Easier and faster to make changes.
Trouble shooting aids make programming easier
and reduce downtime.
Reliable components make these likely to operate
for years before failure.
17

18. Examples of PLC Programming Software:
1. Allen-Bradley – Rockwell Software RSLogix500
2. Modicon - Modsoft
3. Omron - Syswin
4. GE-Fanuc Series 6 – LogicMaster6
5. Square D- PowerLogic
6. Texas Instruments – Simatic
6. Telemecanique – Modicon TSX Micro

19. SCADA
 SCADA stands for “Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition”.
 Purely Software Package that is positioned on top of hardware.
SCADA refers to a system that collects data from various sensors at a
factory, plant or in other remote locations and then sends this data to a
central computer which then manages and controls the data.
SCADA focuses on gathering and circulating the right amount of
system information to the right person or computer within the right
amount of time.

20. SCADA in a Control Room

22. SCADA Softwares
SN Vender SACDA Software
1. Wonder ware In Touch 5.0 to 10.0
2. Siemens Ltd. Win CC/ Wincc Flexble
3. Allen Bradley Rs View
4. Intellution Fix DMACS
5. Schneider Factory View & CITEC
6. KIPT ASTRA ( Indian SCADA)
7. Merz Aspic
8 GE Fanuc Cimplicity

23. Conclusion
• we can Improve our efficiency( Reduce staff
and work load).
• Improve accuracy, reduce errors
• Improve documentation
• Authorized access only, enhance security
• Reduce job stress and staff turnover
• Can provide outstanding customer service

24. Reference
• From Wikipedia
• Various slides given by automation engineers
Raipur.
• ABB ACS 150 drive user manual.
• http://www.engineersgarage.com/articles/sca
da-systems

25. Query

26. Thank you