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Civil War Part Two
- 1. Section 2 Overview • Early battles of the Civil War. • The Union plan to seal off the Confederacy's major ports – Union General Ulysses S. Grant – The Battle of Shiloh – Confederate General Robert E. Lee's – The Battle of Antietam – Emancipation Proclamation.
- 2. First Battle of Bull Run
- 3. Stonewall Jackson • “There is Jackson standing like a stonewall…!” Stonewall Jackson
- 4. First Battle of Bull Run • July 1861 • Forces – US 28,450 – CS 32,230 • Casualties: 4,700 total – US 2,950 – CS 1,750 • First major land battle of the armies in Virginia. • Union army attacked the Confederates • Fight raged all day, Confederate forces were driven back
- 5. First Battle of Bull Run • Confederate reinforcements force Union retreat – Union retreat becomes a rout • Defeat convinced Lincoln that the war would be a long and costly – Calls for 500,000 more troops
- 6. Militia Act 1862 • SEC. 12. And be it further enacted, That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized to receive into the service of the United States, for the purpose of constructing intrenchments, or performing camp service or any other labor, or any military or naval service for which they may be found competent, persons of African descent, and such persons shall be enrolled and organized under such regulations, not inconsistent with the Constitution and laws, as the President may prescribe.
- 7. The Militia Act of 1862 • Enabled African Americans to join the Union Army to free up frontline troops. • Controversy – praised by many abolitionists – praised black-rights activists – BUT…newly recruited black soldiers to be used for manual labor, not combat.
- 8. The Militia Act of 1862 • Discrimination in pay remained • Soldiers of African descent were to receive – $10 a month, plus a clothing allowance of $3.50 • June 1864, when Congress granted equal pay • First step in the creation of the United States Colored Troops
- 9. Naval War • Union blockade of Southern ports – Over 500 ships – Capture or destroyed nearly 1,500 Confederate Blockade runners
- 10. Naval War: The Blockade
- 13. Confederate Raiders The Confederate Raider Alabama
- 14. Merrimac vs. Monitor • March 1862 • One of the most revolutionary naval battles in world history. • First battle in maritime history that two ironclad ships waged war
- 19. Merrimac vs. Monitor • Union and the Confederacy had more ironclad ships built – US has never built another wooden battleship • "From the moment the two ships opened fire that Sunday morning, every other navy on earth was obsolete"
- 25. Confederate Officers Joseph E. Johnston Gen. Robert E. Lee
- 26. Battle of Antietam • A victory in the north – win British recognition – Convince North to accept South independence
- 29. Battle of Antietam • Turning Point • September 1862 • Casualties: 23,100 total • Single bloodiest day in American military history. • Inconclusive
- 31. Battle of Antietam • Strategic victory Union – Kept Britain on the sidelines
- 32. Sunken Road
- 33. Emancipation Proclamation • President Abraham Lincoln • Affective January 1, 1863 • "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free.“ • Preserving the union war of liberation
- 35. Emancipation Proclamation Limitations • Applied only to states that had seceded from the Union – Leaving slavery untouched in the loyal border states. – exempted parts of the Confederacy that had already come under Northern control. • “Freedom” depended upon Union military victory • But…..every advance of federal troops expanded the domain of freedom.