2. The transport system in animals is called the circulatory
system. The materials are transported from one part of the
body to another by a mass flow system which is the
circulatory system. The animals, particularly the more
advanced forms, have a higher metabolic rate. This means
that they require more nutrients and oxygen at a faster rate.
They also produce more wastes that have to be removed
from the cells in less time. The circulatory system has to
ensure that the materials reach all the cells of the body and
in time. This system should also collect the materials from
the cells and transport them wherever required. Thus, the
movement of materials into and out of the system should
be possible. The need to meet all these requirements has
resulted in a mass flow system through blood vessels and
body spaces.
WHAT IS TRANSPORTATION???
3. The circulatory system also called the cardiovascular
system, is an organ system that permits blood to
circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino
acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon
dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from cells in
the body to nourish it and help to fight diseases,
stabilize body temperature and pH, and to
maintain homeostasis.
Circulatory System
4. Materials to be transported include digested food,
respiratory gases, hormones, excretory products, etc.
The digested food includes sugars like glucose, amino
acids, fatty acids and their derivatives. Blood which is
the vascular tissue in man is over 90% water. Thus,
only the water-soluble substances are transported
through this fluid. For the transport of fatty
substances, body uses another fluid called the
lymph.Thus, there are two circulatory systems:
Blood circulatory system
Lymphatic circulatory system
Materials To Be Transported…..
5. The essential components of the human cardiovascular
system are the heart, blood, and blood vessels.[5] It
includes: the pulmonary circulation, a "loop" through
the lungs where blood is oxygenated; and the systemic
circulation, a "loop" through the rest of the body to
provideoxygenated blood. An average adult contains five
to six quarts (roughly 4.7 to 5.7 liters) of blood, accounting
for approximately 7% of their total body weight.[6] Blood
consists of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells,
and platelets. Also, the digestive system works with the
circulatory system to provide the nutrients the system
needs to keep the heart pumping.[7
Human Cardiovascular System
6. Depiction of the heart
and circulatory system
Cross section of a human artery
9. The heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body and
deoxygenated blood to the lungs. In the human heart there is
one atrium and one ventricle for each circulation, and with both a
systemic and a pulmonary circulation there are four chambers in
total: left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium and right ventricle.
The right atrium is the upper chamber of the right side of the
heart. The blood that is returned to the right atrium is
deoxygenated (poor in oxygen) and passed into the right ventricle
to be pumped through the pulmonary artery to the lungs for re-
oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide. The left atrium
receives newly oxygenated blood from the lungs as well as the
pulmonary vein which is passed into the strong left ventricle to be
pumped through the aorta to the different organs of the body.
Heart
10.
11. About 98.5% of the oxygen in a sample of
arterial blood in a healthy human breathing air
at sea-level pressure is chemically combined
withhemoglobin molecules. About 1.5% is
physically dissolved in the other blood liquids
and not connected to hemoglobin. The
hemoglobin molecule is the primary transporter
of oxygen in mammals and many other species.
Oxygen Transportation
