cardio respiratory system

1. Cardio respiratory system
MR. SACHIN S. PARSEKAR

2. Introduction
 The cardiorespiratory system consists of
the heart and blood vessels, which work
with the respiratory system (the lungs
and airways). These body systems carry
oxygen to the muscles and organs of the
body, and remove waste products,
including carbon dioxide.
 Cardio respiratory system consist of
following
a) Blood
b) Veins and arteries
c) Heart
d) Lungs

3. Blood
 Blood The general functions of blood are
transportation, regulation, and protection.
Materials transported by the blood include nutrients,
waste products, gases, and hormones. The blood
helps regulate fluid–electrolyte balance, and the body
temperature.
 The amount of blood in our body depends on our size
and the altitude at which we are live. An adult weight
80 kg has about 5 liters of blood. 40 kg child has half
of the amount. 4 kg infant has about 250 milliliters.
 The people who live at high altitudes, where air
contains less oxygen, may have up to 2 liters more
blood than peoples who live in low regions.

4. Composition of blood
 Plasma: straw coloured part makes up 50 to
60 % of blood total blood. 90% of water 9%
substances includes protein, that enable clot,
to fight infections, dissolved nutrients(food)
waste products, plasma carries chemical called
hormones
 Red blood cells( electrolytes): it carry oxygen
to tissues and removes carbon dioxides. It is
flat disc like shape. It consist haemoglobin, an
oxygen carrying protein which gives them
their red colour. It squeeze through tiniest
blood vessels.

5.  White blood cells( Leukocytes): white blood cells fight
infections and harmful substances that attacks body. It is
colourless cells. They have several size and their nuclei
differs in shape. It kills bacterise by surrounding and
digesting them. Other kinds of WBC produce antibodies
and protein that destroys bacterise and virus.
 Platelets ( thrombocytes): it is disc like structure that
help to stop bleeding. If the blood vessels is cut, platelets
sticks to edge of cut and to one another, forming a plug.
They release chemical that reacts to plasma protein which
leads to formation of clot

6. Functions of blood
 Transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide
 Transports of food.(glucose, amino acid, vitamins, fats,
minerals and water )
 Transports of waste products( blood transport waste to
kidney, lungs , skin and intestine to eliminate )
 Maintenance of pH. Plasma protein act as buffer system
and therefore it act as buffer system. Oxygen, hydrogen
and carbon dioxide maintain pH of blood which is 7.35
to 7.45. ph goes less than 7.35 than blood will acidic and
it goes above 7.45 than it will be alkaline (base)

7.  Chemical coordination: organs called endocrine glands produce
hormones and releases into blood. The hormone enter in blood
act as chemical messenger. When hormone reaches to part of
it regulates, it may affect growth system
 Regulated body temperature: some body parts( muscles ) creates
more heat due to activities. The heat enter into blood stream and
travels thought our body. If blood did not distribute heat, some
areas would become extremely hot, while some others would
remain extremely cold.
 Defense against infections: white blood cells (WBC) plays
important role in immune system which help body to resist
causing substances.

8.  Blood clotting : blood prevent loss of blood in case of injuries as it has power of
coagulation.

9. Blood vessels
 Blood enters and leaves the heart through several major vessels. Blood vessels are divided in
three parts
 Arteries
 Veins
 Capillaries

10. Arteries
 Artery is blood vessels through which blood pumps away
from the heart to different parts of body
 Most blood arteries is bright red because it carries
haemoglobin and oxygen
 Aorta is largest artery, which is directly connected.

11. Capillaries
 Capillaries is smallest blood vessels.
 Most capillaries are small that only
one blood cell can pass through
them at time.
 The largest blood capillaries in blood
in bone merrow and skin.
 Smallest capillaries is in brain and in
intestine.

12. Veins
 The blood enters hearts through several major
vessels.
 Two largest veins is superior vena cava and
inferior vena cava.
 The superior vena cava carries blood from head
and arms
 Inferior vena cava carries blood from trunk and
legs.
 It carries blood which is brownish red, blood
which already lost oxygen.

13. Heart
 A healthy heart can increase its rate and force of
contraction to meet the body’s need for more
oxygen, then return to its resting rate and keep on
beating as if nothing very extraordinary had
happened
 A muscular pumps that rhythmically contracts to
push blood through the body
 Heart muscles is termed cardiac muscles and has
characteristics similar to skeletal muscles.
 The heart is the pump that keeps blood circulating
properly.

14.  Inferior and superior vena cava
 Right atrium
 Right ventricles
 Pulmonary artery
 Lungs
 Pulmonary veins
 Left atrium
 Left Ventricles
 Aorta
 body

15. Respiration mechanism

16. Respiration
 Respiration is the process by which living organism
take in oxygen from surrounding medium and exhale
carbon dioxide
 Oxygen is supplied to tissues and their carbon dioxide
is removed by the combined action of cardiovascular
and respiratory
 Respiratory includes the movement of air into and
out of lungs, the exchange of gases between air and
blood, the transport of gases in the blood, exchange
of gases between blood and tissues

17. Types of respiration
 Internal respiration:
exchange of gases between
the blood and cells
 External respiration:
exchange of gases between
blood and lungs

18. Respiratory volume
 Lung volumes are also known as respiratory
volumes. It refers to the volume of gas in the
lungs at a given time during the respiratory
cycle.
 Lung capacities are derived from a
summation of different lung volumes.
 The average total lung capacity of an adult
human male is about 6 and female
4.2 liters of air.
 A number of the lung volumes can be
measured by Spirometry- Tidal volume,
Inspiratory reserve volume, and Expiratory
reserve volume. However, measurement of
Residual volume

19.  Tidal volume: It is the amount of air that can be inhaled or exhaled during one
respiratory cycle. Aapproximately it is 300-500ml (10 %of total volume of lungs)
 Inspiration reserve volume: It is the amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled. It is used
during deep breathing. The normal adult value is 1900-3300ml(deep breathing)
 Expiratory Reserve Volume: It is the volume of air that can be exhaled forcibly.
 Residual volume: It is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximal
exhalation. Normal adult value is averaged at 1200ml (forcefully exhale).
 Vital lungs capacity: it is maximum amount of lung volume.
Normal breathing breathing-
Inspiratory reserve volume -
Expiratory reserve volume-
Residual reserve volume-

21. Thank you