1. Normal Heart Sound.mp3

2.  Discuss the need for transport system in multi-
cellular organisms.
 Describe the components of blood and their
functions
 Differentiate among blood vessels
 Describe the structure & function of the heart.

4.  The circulatory system is the transport system
found in mammals. Humans have a
cardiovascular system in which two types of
circulation occurs ( Systemic and Pulmonary)
 The circulatory system is composed
of three main parts:
 The heart
 The blood
 The blood vessels.

5.  Thisorgan pumps blood around the body at
different speeds and at different pressures
according to the body’s needs.
 The heart is made of CARDIAC MUSCLE.
 The cardiac muscles in the heart contracts and
relaxes continuously.

6.  This muscle has its own blood supply (coronary
circulation).
 Blood reaches the muscle via the coronary arteries.
 These carry blood to capillaries that supply the heart
muscle with oxygen & nutrients.
 This allows the heart muscle to keep on working.
 Blood returns to the atrium via coronary veins.

8.  The heart has four chambers:
 The two upper chambers are the Right and Left Atrium
 The two lower chambers are the Right and Left Ventricles.
 It’s
also divided into a right and left side by the
SEPTUM;
 The left side of the heart circulates oxygenated blood.
 The right side of the heart circulates deoxygenated blood.

9.  Blood enters the heart through the atria.
 Blood leaves the heart when the ventricles contract.
 The right ventricle pumps blood only to the lungs
 The left ventricle pumps blood to all parts of the body.
 This requires much more pressure, which is why the wall
of the left ventricle is much thicker than that of the
right ventricle.

10.  Deoxygenated blood from body enters from Vena
cava vein into RA
 Atria contracts and pushes blood from RA into RV
 Ventricles contract and blood is pushed into
pulmonary artery which goes towards the lungs.
 Gaseous exchange occurs at alveoli and pulmonary
vein brings back Oxygenated blood to LA.

11. This refers to a system that pumps blood to the
heart twice. It has two main parts:
 Pulmonary circulation: blood is first circulated
through the lungs where it is oxygenated.
 Systemic circulation: blood is then circulated
throughout the body where it unloads its oxygen,
and exchanged with deoxygenated blood.

14.  The blood is the medium
in which substances are
transported throughout
the body. It has many
other functions besides
transportation alone.

15. •The composition of materials transported by blood are:
Water
Gases (Oxygen, Carbon dioxide)
Salts
Nutrients
Nitrogenous waste products e.g. urea
Hormones & antibodies
Heat
•These substances that are transported are
dissolved in the blood plasma

16.  Blood is comprised
of
 Plasma
 Red blood cells
 White Blood cells
 Platelets

17.  Thisis the yellowish liquid part of blood,90%
is water
 Transports dissolved substances :
 Dissolved food
 CO2
 Hormones
 Mineral salts
 Nitrogenous waste

18.  The red blood cells are responsible for the
transport of oxygen
 It contains haemoglobin which combines
reversibly with oxygen (oxyhaemoglobin) and
is carried to cells.
 Oxygen is readily released from haem at
tissues where O2 level is low.

19.  These are the bodyguards against pathogen
infection
 They help fight against disease by
surrounding and destroying foreign objects
that are introduced into the system
 They are categorized according to their
actions
 Phagocytes: lobed nucleus, surrounds and
“eats” pathogen
 Lymphocytes: round nucleus, produce
antibodies which stick to and deactivates
pathogen.

20.  Plateletsare fragments of cells formed in
bone marrow
 They have no nucleus
 Function to help clot blood preventing blood
loss.
 What is the importance of clotting blood?
 Draw diagram of formation of blood clot.