Circulation of blood in human body types of blood circulation human circulatory system

1. A Presentation on
Presented by
Vaibhav G. Khandare
Under the Guidance of
Dr. N. Bhisekar sir

2. Table of Contents
Definition
The Heart
Blood
Blood Vessels
Types of blood circulation
References

4. Definition
The circulatory system (cardiovascular
system) pumps blood from the heart
to the lungs to get oxygen. The heart
then sends oxygenated blood through
arteries to the rest of the body. The
veins carry oxygen-poor blood back to
the heart to start the circulation
process over

5. The Heart
Heart is a four chambered muscular organ
which pumps the blood to various organs
of body. Each half of the heart has a
receiving chamber called atrium, and a
pumping chamber called ventricle. It is
the organ of the body which start
functioning in mothers womb.

6. Blood
• Blood is a specialized connective tissue consisting of cells suspended in a
liquid called plasma. Approximately 55% of blood is plasma, while the
remaining 45% is composed of cellular components.
• It is composed of different components:
Red blood cells are the most abundant cells in the blood. Their
primary function is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the
body's tissues and transport carbon dioxide, a waste product,
back to the lungs for elimination. RBCs contain a protein called
hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and gives blood its red
color.
Red Blood Cells (RBCs)

7. White Blood Cells (WBCs)
Platelets:
White blood cells play a crucial role in the body's immune
response, defending against infections and foreign substances.
There are different types of white blood cells, including
neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils,
each with specific functions in the immune system.
Platelets are small, cell-like fragments that are responsible for
blood clotting (hemostasis). When a blood vessel is damaged,
platelets gather at the site and form a plug to stop bleeding. They
also release chemicals that initiate the clotting process.

8. What is Function of Blood
Blood performs various critical functions in the body, including transportation of
oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products; regulation of body
temperature; maintenance of pH and electrolyte balance; immune defense against
pathogens; and blood clotting to prevent excessive bleeding

9. Blood vessels
Blood vessels are tubular structures that form a network throughout the body and are
responsible for transporting blood. They serve as conduits for the flow of blood, allowing it
to reach all organs, tissues, and cells
There are three main types of blood vessels:
1. Arteries
• Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away
from the heart to the organs and tissues of the body.
• These are mostly deeply situated in the body.
• These are reddish in color.
• The walls of arteries are tick.
• Valves are absent in Arteries.
• These are empty up at the time of death of body.

10. 2. Veins
• Veins are blood vessels that transport deoxygenated blood from
the organs and tissues back to the heart.
• These are superficial and deep in location.
• These are thin walled.
• Valves are present wide provide unidirectional flow of blood.
• Veins get filled up to time of death.

11. 3. Capillaries
• They connect arteries and veins and enable the exchange of
oxygen, nutrients, waste products, and hormones between
the blood and the surrounding tissues.
• Capillaries are the smallest and thinnest blood vessels in the
body.
• Capillary walls consist of a single layer of endothelial cells,
which allows for efficient diffusion of substances.
• Capillary networks are extensive and provide a large surface
area for exchange to occur.

12. • These blood vessels work together in a
circulatory system to ensure the distribution of
oxygen, nutrients, and other vital substances
throughout the body, as well as the removal of
waste products.
• Arteries carry oxygenated blood to the tissues,
capillaries facilitate exchange, and veins return
deoxygenated blood to the heart for
reoxygenation.
• This continuous flow of blood through the
blood vessels is essential for maintaining the
proper functioning of organs and tissues in the
body.

13. Types of Blood Circulation
There are two main types of blood circulation in the human body: pulmonary
circulation and systemic circulation. These two types work together to ensure the
efficient delivery of oxygenated blood to the body's tissues and the return of
deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.

14. 1. Pulmonary Circulation
• Pulmonary circulation refers to the circulation of blood
between the heart and the lungs.
• It is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon
dioxide.
• The process begins when deoxygenated blood from the
body enters the right atrium of the heart through the
superior and inferior vena cava.
• From the right atrium, the blood is pumped into the right
ventricle. The right ventricle then contracts, sending the
deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary
artery.
• In the lungs, the blood receives oxygen and releases carbon
dioxide through the process of gas exchange. Oxygenated
blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins,
entering the left atrium.

15. 2. Systemic Circulation
• Systemic circulation refers to the circulation of blood
between the heart and the rest of the body's tissues and
organs.
• It delivers oxygenated blood to the body's cells and removes
waste products.
• Oxygenated blood from the left atrium enters the left
ventricle, which contracts to pump the blood into the aorta—
the largest artery in the body.
• Capillaries facilitate the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, waste
products, and hormones between the blood and the
surrounding cells. Deoxygenated blood then drains from the
capillaries into venules, which merge to form larger veins.
• The veins carry the deoxygenated blood back to the right
atrium of the heart, completing the systemic circulation.

16. Conclusion
Your circulatory system plays a critical role in keeping you alive. Blood vessels carry
blood to the lungs for oxygen. Then your heart pumps oxygen-rich blood through
arteries to the rest of the body. Your veins help your body get rid of waste products

17. References
1. B.D. Chaurasia Handbook of General Anatomy.
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulatory_system
3. https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtre
atments/circulatory-system
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279250/