Gene Technology Essay

Gene Technology Essay
Week 8 Assignment 2: Gene Technology Introduction to Biology Mr. James Cox March 3, 2013
Gene technology is the term given to a range of activities concerned with understanding the
expression of genes, taking advantage of natural genetic variation, modifying genes and transferring
genes to new hosts. Gene technology sits within the broader area of biotechnology – the use of
living things to make or change products. Humans have been using biotechnology for centuries in
activities ranging from plant and animal breeding through to brewing and baking. All living things
have genes. Genes are coded instructions that determine what an organism will look like and how it
will function. A gene is made up of DNA ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This technology has several recognized accomplishments. The first is that genetically engineered
animals will improve human health through production of novel replacement proteins, drugs,
vaccines, research models and tissues for the treatment and prevention of human disease. The
second is that genetically engineered animals will contribute to improving the environment and
human health with the consumption of fewer resources and the production of less waste and the
third is that Animals that are genetically engineered will have improved food production traits
enabling them to help meet the global demand for more efficient, higher quality and lower–cost
sources of food. The fourth accomplishment that this technology has is that Genetic engineering
offers tremendous benefit to the animal by enhancing health, well–being and animal welfare. Last
but not least genetically engineered animals have produced high–value industrial products such as
spider silk used for medical and defense purposes. This whole process of the genetically modified
animal is done through a process called gene modification. Genetic modification changes the genes
and thereby the characteristics of the subject. When a scientist genetically modifies an animal, they
insert a foreign gene in the animal's own genes.
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Technology of Heart Gene Therapy
Although the technology of heart gene therapy is at its initial stages and only medical trials have
begun, some ethical questions and arguments are arising on its acceptability to be used for treating
people. Heart gene therapy involves insertion of a foreign gene and this is argued to be against
nature because our natural genetic makeup is altered from this treatment (Kelly, 2007). This has
erupted discussions for and against this treatment. Some people argue that altering our genetic
makeup, even for treatment purposes is playing God and should be completely rejected. This is
based on the religious view of this technology. Other people pro heart gene therapy argues that if
this gene therapy will save lives, it is a good thing and should be embraced. Looking at this issue on
cultural and religious views may limit technology and its use to better our lives.
Some people argue that heart gene therapy may result to very rewarding consequences or very
deadly consequences because the success rate is not 100% assured (Sherlock & Morrey, 2002).
Although this technology is set to benefit many heart disease patients through introduction of the
missing protein, there are chances that the treatment may fail for some patients. Consequences are
fatal if the treatment does not work because malfunctioning enzyme will be present and this may
result to death. This therefore brings the question, is the risk worth taking? For the patients that this
treatment works, the consequences are

Gene Technology Is The Basic Physical And Functional Unit...
Introduction: A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity and can be used in gene
technology processes. Gene technology refers the range of activities concerned with understanding
gene expression, taking advantage of natural genetic variation, modifying genes and transferring
genes to new hosts. A specific example of gene technology is Gene Therapy. This term refers to the
process of introducing DNA into a patient to treat a genetic disease. The new DNA contains a
functioning gene to correct the effects of a disease causing mutation (YG, 2016). There are several
techniques for carrying out gene therapy, these include, gene augmentation, gene inhibition and the
killing off of specific cells.
Augmentation: Gene augmentation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The process aims to introduce a gene whose product either inhibits or interferes with the expression
of another gene. This therapy facilitates the elimination of the growth of disease related cells (YG,
2016).
Killing of specific cells 'suicide': This process is suitable for diseases which can be treated by
destroying certain groups of cells. The aim is to insert DNA into a diseased cell which causes the
cell to die. This can be achieved by inserting DNA containing a "suicide" gene that produces a
highly toxic product to kill the diseased cell or by inserting DNA which causes the expression of a
protein which marks the cells so that the diseased cells are attacked by the body's immune system.
This method must be targeted appropriately to avoid the death of normal functioning cells and
would be appropriate to use on a disease such as cancer (YG, 2016).
Currently, possible candidates for gene therapy include "cancer, AIDS, cystic fibrosis, Parkinson 's
and Alzheimer 's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cardiovascular disease and arthritis"
(AMA, 2016). This article aims to examine how gene therapy can be used on patients with cystic
fibrosis as well as evaluate the various ethical concerns that surround it.
Cystic fibrosis: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary disease caused by mutations of the CFTR gene.
The mutations cause cell proteins that channel chloride ions and water out of

Pros Of Gene Therapy
Imagine a technology that could possibly cure inherited blindness or allow allow a deaf person to
here. This upcoming technology still in the experimental stage is called gene therapy. Gene therapy
is the process by which a defective or mutated gene is replaced by a healthy copy of the gene. This
process is still in the experimental stage as it is risky and still needs to be tested to make sure it is
safe to use with humans. The main task of gene therapy right now is to cure diseases that have no
cures to them like blindness or some types of cancer. If scientists are able to perfect this process it
could be a revolutionizing technology in the future.
One main benefit of gene therapy is that is can cure multiple diseases when the gene is replaced.
There has been reports of successful gene therapy operations including restoring vision and hearing
to some of the patients that receive it. The use of this technology could lead to a cure of blindness
and deafness, something that has never been actually accomplished in the ... Show more content on
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There have been multiple setbacks in this technology. Some immediate side effects is that the body
thinks that the virus inserting the healthy gene is a virus and tries to fight it. A severe response to the
virus could lead to the death of the individual. Another major side effect in the long run is the
development of other diseases. There have been multiple reports of operations that have gone
successful, but in a few years that patient developing diseases like leukemia and most of the patients
died. Right now there are probably more negative effects to gene therapy and more research would
need to be developed to ensure that the likelihood of death is not so high. More research and
operations on animals would have to be done to ensure it is safe on

Analyzing Genetic Modification And Gene Technology
Source– Analysis of sources Credibility This article is highly credible as the author of the article is a
well–known and has spent years researching genetic modification and gene technology therefore it
is expected to have some credibility. The credibility of the publishers cannot be guaranteed as it is
not a very well–known publishing company. There is evidence of cross referencing and the article
has been updated so it contains up to date information. Bias This article is partially biased as both
advantages and disadvantages of the topic is present but the article also suggests that GM
modification has many benefits and is much cheaper than non–genetically modified things. The
article contains both positive and negative aspects of genetic modification and the implications. It
gives scientific facts and evidence regarding genetic engineering in agriculture. It explains about the
advantages of producing crop that have been genetically altered on the environment and also on the
consumer, and how it can be used for medical purposes. This is the positive side. The article also
discuss the issue that are still unknown as there is still research that is being done and there is still
new thing being discovered. Relevance The source is relevant to the topic of genetic modification
and the information can be used as a source of information. This article can be used to discuss the
positive and negative effects of genetic engineering in agriculture. The information is not

The Issues Of Gene Technology
Issues of gene technology include inappropriate applications, religious issues, and what gives us the
right to use such technology. The problems on society include disagreements among different
groups of people based on views and opinions. There can economic problems when dealing with
genetically modified foods. Legislation mainly focuses on HIPAA and the Genetic Information
Nondiscrimination Act (GINA). They protect information and prohibit genetic discrimination in
health insurance and employment, respectively ("Genetic Discrimination"). The flaw in legislation
is that it doesn't apply to the nation as a whole. I would revise the GINA to get it to be a federal law
and apply to everyone.
Introduction
Gene technology relates to gene expression, genetic variation, and modifying genes to new hosts.
Scientists currently use gene technology to move genes to different species and even create new
ones. They do this by changing DNA structure of an organism. Gene technology is used to produce
vaccines, immune–therapy drugs and insulin. It has recently been applied to plants to create
genetically modified foods.
Problem Statement
There are many problems, both ethical and legal, with gene technology. First, the ethical concerns
ask: what intended consequences could result, will the environment be affected long–term, and what
are the health risks of genetically modified foods. Ethical issues start with inappropriate
applications. Many believe a parent shouldn't have the

Technology (CRISPR): A Genetic Analysis
Gene technology is a type of biotechnology which incorporates the use of plants animals and micro–
organisms to create new products or processes. Biotechnology uses bacteria and enzymes to make
industrial processes work more efficiently and create less pollution, or to clean up the environment
("Biotechnology and Gene Technology – Home Page", 2016). A type of gene technology which has
recently been developed is CRISPR technology with the purpose of gene editing. CRISPR stands
for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ("CRISPR: A game–changing
genetic engineering technique – Science in the News", 2014). CRISPR brings up many concerns to
do with whether it should be used. With this technology comes the possibility of genetically ... Show
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CRISPR genes are used to eliminate unwanted gentic material to change the genetic make up of the
organism. There are three CRISPR mechanisms which can be used two being the most studied. In
this process, DNA from viruses or plasmids are semarated into small parts and incorporated into a
CRISPR locus among a range of short repeats. The loci are transcribed and processed to produce
small RNA strands, which are then used to guide effector endonucleases that target invading DNA
based on sequence costruction resulting in adapting the genes charecteric (Biolabs, 2016). CRISPR
technology can be helpful as it could provide the cure for human diseases or prevent mutations such
as downs syndrome (Yeadon, 2016). However, having the ability to modify embryos with
technology will not necessarily be a good thing as it could cause many issues. Before designer
childrens become a reality many things will happen first. CRISPR technology will need to be
proven safe and become legal in coutries before designer babies can be created. Also all the possible
side effects will need to be considered such as causing death of embryos, gaps in society, children
will not have any say in what happens and only certain people will be able to afford it (Hanson,
2016). There are also many other ethical issues. How will doctors and other professions decide
whether changing a human's genetic material is acceptable or not, where the line end? Will it only
be allowed for parents wanting to prevent their child from getting down syndrome? Or will parents
who are willing to pay enough be granted the ability to design their own baby making them have
blue eyes and whatever else they may want. This could potentially cause bigger problems if many
people choose to modify the embryos and keep

Gene Editing : Rotary Speech
Gene Editing– Rotary Speech
Good afternoon, I want to first ask you to imagine a future where there are no diseases, no genetic
defects, and life can be prolonged. The truth is this future you are imagining is really not so far off,
but how do we get to a future like this? Well with the introduction of technologies such as Clustered
Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, or simply put CRISPR– cas9 gene editing has
been made a lot easier, cheaper and safer. With these new gene editing technologies the question is
even more prominent than ever has been, should we edit the human gene. Today with the rotary four
way test I will prove to you that gene editing should be allowed to be experimented with and
researched. I will do this by asking the four questions – is it the truth, is it fair to all concerned, will
it build goodwill and friendship to all concerned, and will it be beneficial to all concerned.
Is editing the human gene the truth? For thousands of years humans have been engineering life, this
can be traced all the way back to 10,500 BC where farmers would select the best traits from their
crops and replant those gradually changing the genetic codes of the plants. However it was only
until 1953 when the idea of Dioxide ribonucleic Acid (DNA) cemented and allowed us to
understand how genes work and how they can be tampered with. After this discovery many
experiments were carried in relation to tampering with genetics. Today many of the chemicals we
produce

Genetic Modification : Recombinant Dna ( Rdna ) Technology...
Genetic modification, otherwise referred to as recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology or gene
splicing, has proven to be more precise, predictable and a better–understood method for the
manipulation of genetic material than previously attained through conventional plant breeding.
Agricultural applications of the technology have involved the insertion of genes of desirable
agronomic traits into a variety of crop plants, and from a variety of biological sources. Examples
include soybeans modified with gene sequence from a streptomyces species encoding enzymes that
confer herbicide tolerance, and corn plants modified to express the insecticidal protein of an
indigenous soil microorganism, Bacillus thuringiensis. A growing body of evidence suggest that
technology and may be used to make enhancements to not only the agronomic properties but the
food, nutritional, industrial and medicinal attributes of genetically modified crops.
Foods derived from a new plant variety is a; safe or nutritious as foods already consumed as a part
of a diet. For new plant varieties, including those developed using rDNA technology, a science–
based approach is used to focus the evaluation on the demonstrated characteristics of the food or
food component. Genetically modified food component typically involves reviewing information or
data on any newly introduced substances, the known levels of toxicants, as well as the nutritional
composition of the plant following modification. Many Americans are

Technology And Technology
With the advancements in technology, many things have changed in the world. Technology has
made improvements in the automotive industry, agricultural industry and in modern medicine. At
one time you would see technology in sci–fi movies, television or in posters. But now some of those
fantasies/miracles are coming true. With today's modern technology researchers and scientists have
conducted preformed some vital experiments, i.e. cloning animals, growing/manufacturing body
parts, and even produce medicines to cure or relay illnesses. Modern technology has help change
many lives by repairing or replacing organs and with the many improvements in genetic
engineering. This allows researchers to modify a gene and genetics. Researchers and ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
(American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy, 2014) American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy
also states that in ex–vivo gene therapy is when a patient cells can be harvested, cultivated in the
laboratory, and incubated with vectors carrying a corrective or therapeutic gene. When the cells
have the new genetic information they will be transferred back into the patient. The most
researchers have chosen this method of getting the genetic information to the target by the viral
vector because the virus usually will attract certain cells. An example of a viral infection is
chickenpox, hepatitis, influenza or meningitis".
Ricki Lewis suggest that to describe gene therapy, is to take a damaged gene and undo the harm that
was done by some type of virus or flaw; and after a big delay in gene therapy, researchers feel that it
is the time to put the gene therapy into the hospitals and clinics. Researchers participating in some
of the medical trials gave healthy DNA to individuals with cancer of the blood, hemophilia and
genetic blindness. Of all the individuals tested, whose blindness was hereditary 40 of them had their
vision restored. And of the 120 patients with diverse cancers most of them have seen

Benefits Of Genetic Engineering
Hi, today I will be talking about genetic engineering.
What is genetic engineering? Genetic engineering is the process of directly manipulating an
organism's genes or DNA in order to change its characteristics. Over the years, genetic engineering
and modification has been trialled on many different things, (CHANGE SLIDE) including food
such as creating seedless grapes, CHANGE SLIDE and animals such as dolly the sheep, the first
cloned animal in the world. However, genetic engineering, especially on humans has been debated
for a long time; due to the previous limitations of the technology available, and the ethics behind
editing a human's genes. However, there has been a major breakthrough in technology for genetic
engineering, with the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The kit is simple enough for high school students to use and experiment with.
Finally, CRISPR Cas9 is significantly more accurate than any other gene editing technology
currently available. No other technology is able manipulate and alter each individual piece of DNA
and reprogram the sequence. This is the most precise tool yet. It also works on live cells and it can
switch genes on and off.
However, there are some major drawbacks. This is still only new technology. CRISPR is unpolished
and not perfect. The first major study on CRISPR was published in 2015, where scientists lead by
Junjiu Huang in China attempted to replace to replace the gene responsible for thalassaemia in a
human embryo. They tested CRISPR Cas9 on 86 non–viable embryos, however only a fraction of
them were successful. CRISPR had ended up mutating other, unintentional places along with the
thalassemia genes. Huang said. "If you want to do it in normal embryos, you need to be close to
100%,". "That's why we stopped. We still think it's too immature."
Another team of researchers in the US also tested CRISPR gene editing to correct a faulty gene
causing blindness in mice. The group had also run into very significant side effects of using
CRISPR. The technology had caused 1,500 unintended mutations of single pieces of DNA, and
more than 100 major deletions and insertions of genetic material. Not a single one of

Gene Technology : Genetically Modified Crop Plants
GENE TECHNOLOGY: GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROP PLANTS
LYNN FOWKES
STRAYER UNIVERSITY
DR. NICOLE MINOR
SCI 115
NOVEMBER 30, 2015
Biological basis
Biological technology began with the use of the very simple household item, like natural yeast.
Yeast has been used long before modern technological technologies. It was originally used for
making bread, wine, and beer. This simple item uses a process called fermentation. Fermentation is
the process in which a chemical breakdown occurs by using microorganisms and bacteria to produce
bubbles and heat. These bubbles are what make bread rise, turns fruits into sugars and ethanol for
wine, and reacts with hops for beer. (dictionary.com).
In order to understand Genetically Modified Crops, one must have an understanding of the
technique of biotechnology. Biotechnology can be defined as any technique that uses living
organisms to break apart to modify their composition that be used for creating other live organisms.
Biotechnology encompasses any technology that uses biological systems, living organisms, and
derivatives to make or modify products for use. Yeast and its bacteria were one of the first products
used for medical and industrial applications
Since the late 19th century, farmers began to realize that the heredity of crops and animals could be
manipulated by using living organisms by cross breeding and creating hybrid crops. Then in 1954,
the discovery of the structure of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, was developed.

What Is My Utopia Essay
My utopian city will be a luxurious, and high qualified place to live in, it will be diseases free place,
education will be the most important thing, but also the easiest thing. it will also be a fun place, and
life will be much easier there. People there will enjoy a healthy life that will not suffer from
inherited diseases nor go under dangerous surgeries and strong medications to recover from an
illness. Another thing is that we will feed them the information using the easiest ways, and
education will be available for each and every person. On top of that, the life in my utopia will have
lots of technologies that makes it easier and more comfortable.
The first step that will help me to achieve this Utopia in the genetic technology. This ... Show more
We will make sure to get rid of all the education barriers that anyone might face. That will be
satisfied by building schools all over the city plus studying will be free for everyone. Moreover,
becoming educated will not be hard in my utopia because we will use technology to help us in
implanting a chip under the skin of each student, and the whole curriculum will be downloaded on
this chip, this will be an annual process that is carried at the beginning of each school year, and
students will have to attend the classes to make sure that clearly understand the information, and
know how to use it in the right way. This technology will get rid of the differences between students
because we know that people have different abilities when it comes to studying, some of them are
able to concentrate as long as it takes, and others might lose track after the first hour for instance. So
this chip will make sure that each student have the same amount of information. This will not only
improve their grades but knowing that they have all the information they need will increase their
confidence which will also result in a clear positive change in their performance in class and during

Essay about Sci 115 Week 8 Assignment 2 Gene Technology
SCI 115 WEEK 8 ASSIGNMENT 2 GENE TECHNOLOGY
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SCI 115 WEEK 8 ASSIGNMENT 2 GENE TECHNOLOGY
SCI 115 Week 8 Assignment 2 – Gene Technology Gene technology carries with it social and ethical
implications–many of which engender personal views and discussion.
Select one (1) of the following biotechnology topics to write about:
Genetically modified crop plants
Genetically modified microorganisms
Genetically modified animals
Personal genomics and / or personalized medicine for humans
Gene therapy
Write a four to six (4 to 6) page paper on your chosen topic. Organize your ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Select one (1) of the following biotechnology topics to write about:
Genetically modified crop plants
Genetically modified microorganisms
Genetically modified animals
Personal genomics and / or personalized medicine for humans
Gene therapy
Write a four to six (4 to 6) page paper on your chosen topic. Organize your paper into sections
corresponding to the following requirements:
1. Biological basis. Describe the technology. Discuss what it accomplishes. Elaborate on the
scientific principles that make this technology possible. Your goal in this section of the paper is to
show the instructor that you understand the underlying science behind the technology. Describe how
exactly the technology works. Discuss the biological principles that underlie this technology.
2. Social and ethical implications. Without disclosing your personal view about this technology,
provide an analysis of its social and ethical implications. State the ethical concerns apparent in the
use of this technology. Discuss the benefits and risks. Your goal in this section is to look at all sides
of the issue. In the next section, you will give your opinion.
3. Personal viewpoint. In the previous section, your goal was to be More Details

The Use Of Crispr / Cas9 Gene Editing
The practical uses for CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and other nuclease gene editing methods extend to
animals as well. There are many proposed uses of the technology that need to be considered
according to their associated risks and benefits. The first of which is the use of CRISPR to knock
out genes associated with horn development in dairy cattle (Cima, 2016). Animals with horns
present a hazard to animals kept in the same enclosure as them and to the workers that handle them.
Only a small percentage of dairy cattle are born without horns, the rest need to have their horns
removed. The horn removal process is considered inhumane and causes the animal a lot of pain
according to animal rights activists. Using the modern gene editing tools scientists are able to reduce
the suffering of animals while still protecting other cattle and their handlers. Traditional breeding
methods have failed to produce a hornless cow while preserving the Holsteins ' large milk
production (Staropoli, 2016). This project raises as many ethical issues as it solves. One obvious
concern is that these animals are intended to produce milk which will inevitably be consumed by
humans. Many consumers are likely to be suspicious of milk that comes from a genetically
engineered cow (Cima, 2016). However, consumers unfamiliar with the potential benefits are not
likely to agree. Animal rights advocates argue that this innovation is just a front to make an industry
based on animal suffering look good.

Gene Editing And Society : Technology
Michael Estrada
Ms. Moskowitz
ENC 1101
29 September 2015
Gene Editing and Society Technology has helped humanity in almost every aspect of everyday life.
It has made life so much easier that it has become almost impossible to live without. In Dr. Richard
Restaks "Attention Deficit: The Brain Syndrome of Our Era", and Alexandra Samuels "Plug In
Better': A Manifesto" they both go into detail on how technology has affected today's society, and
how it has changed human behavior to rely on it to such a degree that people have become addicted
to technology as if they need it for their very survival. Both Restak and Samuel talk about how
technology has made humanity more connected to each other and yet has also disconnected each
other at the same time and to the real world. People use technology so much in their everyday lives
to solve problems and to carry out tasks that they no longer control its effects on them, whereas
before people had to rely on their own individual talents, skills, and efforts to get tasks completed.
Gene therapy and other cutting edge medical techniques like all technology, has incredible life
changing potential as well as possible side effects Recently the scientific community has discovered
Gene Editing. Gene Editing is the changing and or manipulation of the human DNA, to create
certain characteristics or can be used as a method of curing a disease or disorder. There have been
many disputes on whether this newfound invention should be practiced and

Gattaca Argumentative Essay
Over the past decades, as society develops, technology has become a significant part in all people's
lives and been gradually changing our lives. For instance, technology has made our lives more
comfortable and convenient. It has also helped to improve our health and lengthen our life span.
Especially, the genetic engineering has made a huge step forward. For example, things like the
Human Genome Project have become a reality. It seems that genetic engineering will bring many
possible for the future. It brings with it possibilities of longevity, and possibly near–immortality.
Scientists even made possible to duplicate human DNA in order to produce a genetic replicate to
treat any incurable disease. It looks that genetic engineering could do almost anything. However, is
the genetic engineering completely beneficial to our society? I do not think so. In the movie Gattaca,
the genetic engineering dominates the society. People use genetic engineering to modify children
that with the best traits when they are born. And, they are termed as valid. It ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
That these frequencies were being maintained indicated that the AS heterozygote was a balanced
polymorphism. It was also a fitness trade–off: carriers could pass on the sickle–cell allele, but they
received immunity from malaria. (Larsen 102)
In other words, if the malaria happened in the society like Gattaca, the valid people totally could not
resist it because sickle–cell genes are selected out already from their body. And, only invalid people
who carrying the gene for sickle–cell disease are protected from malaria. Consequently, the designer
baby is very dangerous for the development of

Recent Developments Of Gene Editing Technology And Their...
Introduction
Plant genetics have been altered throughout history by humans through time consuming and
inefficient methods such as artificial selection and mutation breeding. Now the ability to tailor the
fundamental genetics of plants through precise gene modification is possible allowing control of the
biological mechanisms present. Increasing the efficiency of the growth and maintenance of plants
through gene modification could save vast amounts of money and resources. In this essay I will be
discussing the recent developments in gene editing technology and their potential applications to
plants and agriculture.
The Basic Concept
DNA codes for protein sequences. Proteins are crucial in all cellular activities and govern the
phenotypes of organisms (Campbell et al., 2014). New techniques have been developed in which
mutations can be induced in specific loci within DNA, this process is known as Gene editing. DNA
is removed, replaced or edited using a type of enzyme called nucleases. The nuclease creates a break
at specific locations in DNA and utilises the cell's biological machinery to repair the break
incorporating new sections or eliminating existing sections by either homologous recombination or
non–homologous recombination. A major problem affecting the applications of such techniques is
off–target activity. This is when the nuclease cuts at an un–specified loci because of similar
homology to the target sequence and introduces a random mutation (Gaj et al,. 2013). The

Pros And Cons Of Designer Babies
Louise Brown, the first "test–tube baby", was the first person ever created outside a woman's body.
She was born on July 25, 1978, almost three decades ago, but not without protest. Even though
many people were skeptical on this procedure and advancing medical technology she was a healthy,
happy infant. "Today in vitro fertilization (IVF) is often the unremarkable choice of tens of
thousands of infertile couples." (Baird 12). Once considered unethical and unmoral, now is apart of
everyday life. Now, genetic modification technology is quickly progressing, but how far should
scientists be able to go when manipulating the human genome of embryos? Designer babies, or
genetically modified human embryos, now have the possibility of becoming a reality, but do the
benefits outweigh the risks and criticism.
First, Jayashree Das, the author of Redesigning Nature: to be or not to be, defined designer babies in
her article, "The term 'designer babies' includes children whose characteristics have been tampered
with by chemical modification of their genetic material while in the womb" (1346). Jayashree also
explained what genes are and how they work together to form a human, "Genes are in fact specific
regions in a long chain of polynucleotides which hold information for sequential joining of amino
acid residues in order to synthesize a protein. There are 64 known codes and they are grouped as
triplets, and each triplet is called a codon" (1346). Now, each codon specifies a particular

The Pros And Cons Of Gene Technology
Gene Technology relates to the understanding of gene expressions, taking advantage of natural
genetic variation, the modification of genes and the transfer of Genes to new hosts. Gene technology
has the potential to be used to benefit members of society, it can however be taken too far. It can be
used to potentially stop genetic diseases. Scientists and doctors are now able to save lives by
injecting genes into sufferers of life–threatening genetic diseases and save their lives. Gene
technology also allows us to determine whether a child will be born with a genetic disease and gives
parents the chance to abort the child before it is born. It also allows us to choose the sex of our
potential child. Both of these things bring up major ethical issues and the law ... Show more content
Legislation that deals with Gene Technology is The Gene Technology Act 2001 (Cth), The Gene
Technology Regulations 2001 (Cth), The Gene Technology (Consequential Amendments) Act 2000
(Cth) and The Gene Technology (Licence Charges Act 2000 (Cth).
5. Explain the need for law reform with regards to technology. (7 marks)
Technology is constantly changing and along with this change comes the need for new laws to
protect the public. Law reform will be necessary every time new technology emerges as these are
new areas which can harm the public if they are not protected by the law. Laws are put in place to
stop crimes such as hacking, scams and stolen intellectual property. With new technology comes
more possibilities of crime. Law reform is not a process which happens quickly, but the emergence
of new technology does, and the Laws cannot keep up which is a major issue for society and their
safety. One case where there was a need for law reform was the use of mobile phones. Today 97%
of Australians use a mobile phone and all of those users have the potential to conduct crimes. One
area which has recently emerged amongst laws is the use of mobile phones use whilst driving. It has

Gene Technology And Its Effects On Agriculture
1. Gene technology refers to the manipulation of genetic material, including altering DNA in an
organism to supress or enhance its activity, or combining genetic material from different species.
Whilst biotechnology in the older times refers to how people use biological information to have
effects on agricultural like crops and such. Not specific or in–dept. like manipulating genetic
material.
2.
3. A restriction enzyme is also known as restriction endonuclease, which is an enzyme that cus DNA
at a particular sequence. In DNA technology, there have been 400 different restriction enzymes
found and each specific sequence between 4–8. His will allow the scientist to stop any viruses or
infection to enter the body through cutting the bacterial DNA.
4. In the attached image, The restriction enzyme could be HindIII
5. In the attached image
6. A PCR is also known as Polymerase Chain reaction, and where this is a laboratory process which
DNA polymerase is used to copy a sequence repeatedly, making millions of copies of the same
piece of DNA.
7.
NO. Item:
1 DNA
2 DNA polymerase
3 A buffer solution (Salt and other chemicals to function)
4 4 nucleotides – A,T,C,G
5 Two Primers
8. It the cycle is repeated 10 times, than there would be 1024, but for 20 times repeat, there would
be 1,048,576
9. In a hair piece, where the hair itself is made out of protein, it attachment to the skin, will have
skin cells with DNA, but very limited number. To have a sufficient amount, they must

Designer Babies: Not To Far In The Future
For the society of GATTACA to exist, there needs to be lots of technology/information that are
necessary. The future of a society like GATTACA is not to far in the future. Some information that
will be needed for a society like GATTACA to exist, is being able to identify what genes and traits a
human has based on a blood sample, in the matter of a day. The technology of being able to create
"Designer Babies", needs to be available for a society like GATTACA to exist. Scientists and
doctors will need to be able to have the ability to extract any imperfect genes from the sperm or the
egg to prevent any imperfect traits of an offspring. Last in the movie GATTACA, they had the
technology to determine one's DNA sequence in the matter of minutes using a sample of them. This
technology is a must if a GATTACA society ever existed. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The current world has already made a great leap forward in technology for everyday uses. One thing
that needs to happen is a great leap forward in technology for science purposes, most specifically
the study of biology. An article on the future of biotechnology states "This acceleration seems quite
likely to continue as the pace of sequencing and its reach across the biological sciences shows no
sign of slowing" (Mardis, 2011). This shows that biotechnology is not slowing down, that more
discoveries and innovations will come in the future. This is a reason why I believe that the future of
a society very similar to GATTACA is not too far in the future. After more technology comes out,
more science awareness, and more money invested into biotechnology, DNA sequencing, and gene
modification than a society very similar to GATTACA will happen within no

Crispr Essay
In April of 1983, a revolutionary technology pioneered by Kary
Mullis came to light. This technology seemed to to hold a promise that it would end human
suffering, that it would be the road to a perfect world, where diseases were no longer a threat and
pesticides would become an archaic method of the past. This new technology was called PCR, and it
was the earliest form of gene editing. Fast forward to today, where another great leap in the science
of gene editing has just occurred – one that might be exactly what everyone thought PCR would
turn into. This leap has been dubbed CRISPR, and its capabilities make PCR look like, well,
nothing. CRISPR uses a device originally found in bacteria called CAS–9 to precisely snip a
targeted area of an organism's genome and replace it with the correct gene. CRISPR is by all
accounts an amazing technology, but there are some who think it should not be used. CRISPR has ...
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According to Nature.com, Crispr has been the largest leap in science since 1985, when the previous
gene editing software was invented. This software, called PCR took tens of thousands of dollars and
several years just to modify a single gene. Crispr, however, can do the same thing in less than a
month for as little as thirty dollars per gene. What twenty years ago took a team of highly qualified
researchers can now be done by anyone with a high school education. This could also be viewed as
a bad thing, should crispr be released to the public, it would put unlimited power into the hands of
nearly anyone in the world. Another possibility would be a rise in bioterrorism. Imagine a terrorist
organization getting its hands on the power to shape a virus or bacterium however they pleased.
While there are safer, albeit less effective ways to fix a genetic disorder, most scientists agree that it
would be a waste to "toss crispr in the trash" simply because of its scary

Gene Review : Gene Editing
Gene editing with CRISPR–Cas9 will be the next cure for cancer, many other diseases and could
change many lives. Even though this ground breaking technology has not been put to use on humans
yet, when it does it will be well worth the wait. Many countries have been working on the CRISPR–
Cas9 for months to allow it to be used to cure the many diseases that can not be cured with modern
technology.
Gene Editing is a method that can be used to change or edit the genetic code. Researchers and
doctors can add or delete a sequence in the genetic code. Adding or deleting a sequence in the
genetic code is just like copying and pasting in a word document. Gene editing is being used to cure
disease and/or disorders, and has been around for years but has never been very accurate or precise.
Now, with the breakthrough technology of the year, the CRISPR–Cas9 gene editing could be easier
than ever.The CRISPR–Cas9 has the potential to cure diseases that many have died from. The
CRISPR–Cas9 is like a little pair of scissors that will cut out, repair , or even replace DNA. The
changes that are made with this machine will be passed on from generation to generation. Like said
before, gene editing is not new to the world, but the CRISPR–Cas9 is the first technology being
used to undergo gene editing. Before the CRISPR–Cas9 there was the TALENs. Out of all the
technology for gene editing CRISPR–Cas9 has been the most precise of them all. As soon as it is
perfected it will be the next

Discuss Some Advantages Of Having Your Genome Sequenced
Today's technology allows us to do so much more than what we used to be able to do. We have
many more medicines and ways of treating illnesses and diseases. We now have new technology
that can aid in helping us know what a certain disease and it can help us figure out what someone is
sick with quicker than what we used to. I think that it would be neat to be able to know what disease
or illness that I may end up getting later on in life and what I could end up passing to my children.
Knowing what disease someone could end up with, and whether or not it's a life threatening disease,
could cause problems for some people because if they know they are going to die later on then
maybe that will make them feel like they don't have a reason to try to beat it. But then again if
someone knows that the disease may kill them then maybe that will push them to take what they
have and be happy with it. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And if you find out early on what disease or illness you could get then that gives you time to
prepare. It will give people time to try and save money for treatments because that is one of the
problems many people face. If people found out before they got sick then they could start saving
money ahead of time and that could be a life saving factor because when you are trying to save up
money there is a possibility you could run out of time. Disadvantages of having your genomes
sequenced is that it could affect how people see their life. Some people might just give up
completely on it because they know that they will be getting sick and it could possibly leave to
death. Knowing what you could pass onto your children could also affect whether or not they decide
to have kids; I see this as a disadvantage because if someone knows that they could pass a life
threatening sickness to their kids then they might not see it worth it to even have

Summary: The Dangers Of Genetic Manipulation
The idea of genetic modification and manipulation has dominated movie themes for many years.
From the recreation of dinosaurs in Jurassic Park and the creation of a superhero in SpiderMan, the
idea of genetic alterations has been made to seem as if it were to be limited to the silver screen.
However, with today's developing technology, both the dangers and benefits of genetic manipulation
are coming to life. Recently, the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority in the United
Kingdom authorized the Francis Crick Institute in London to modify human embryos using the new
gene editing technique called CRISPR–Cas9. This new technology could be used to modify
disease–causing genes in embryos, thus removing the faulty script from the genetic ... Show more
The process of genetic engineering employs viral vectors that carry functional genes inside the
human body. No previous research has proven where the functional genes are being placed in the
body, running the risk that the important genes would be replaced instead of mutated genes.
Therefore this may lead to another health condition or disease to humans that is yet unknown. Also,
as defective genes are replaced with a functional gene, then it is expected that there will be a
reduction in genetic diversity. By replacing naturally occurring genes, human beings will begin to
have identical genomes. If this occurs, then population as a whole will be more susceptible to
viruses or any form of diseases because mutations in the genome will be reduced. Genetic
engineering could also create unknown side effects that could ultimately be more harmful than
helpful. Certain changes in a plant or animal could cause unpredicted allergic reactions in some
people which, in its original form, did not occur. Other changes could result into the toxicity of an
organism to humans or other organisms. Additionally, "Playing God" has become a prominent
argument against genetic engineering. Several issues have also been raised in regards to the
acceptance of this technology. As more human genes are utilized in non–human organisms to create
new forms of life, they are genetically becoming part human. Therefore, new ethical questions are
arising. For instance, the percentage of human genes an organism must have to contain before it can
be considered human is questioned. Human genes are now being spliced into the genes of tomatoes
and peppers to make them grow faster. It can be asked, how many human genes would a green
pepper have to contain before it can be eaten without raising a moral issue? People are now
suggesting that one can now be a vegetarian and a cannibal at the same time. For carnivores, the
same question could

Gene Editing Technology : Overview
Gene–Editing Technology: Overview
a. Goals
In order to explore the ethical landscape of genome editing, it is first necessary to discuss the range
of methods, the differing goals, and the recent advances in this biotechnology. According to the
director of the NIH, Dr. Francis Collins, genome editing is an "area of research seeking to modify
genes of living organisms to improve our understanding of gene function and advance potential
therapeutic applications to correct genetic abnormalities." More specifically, different gene–editing
technologies have the goals of "precise manipulation of gene sequences in their natural
chromosomal context and addition of transgenes to specific genomic loci." Genome editing
technologies have a wide range ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the lab, scientists program these nucleases to recognize "site–specific DNA–binding domains,"
which come in various forms. In the cell, the nucleases work by creating double–strand breaks
(DSBs) at specific sites, which activates the normal DNA repair machinery of the cell to put the
strand back together in a new way. In effect, this technology creates a pathway to "disrupt a gene or
excise segments of genomes." Alternatively, the double–strand breaks can induce recombination at
higher rates, such that a "homologous donor template can be delivered to the cells along with the
nuclease to target gene addition to that site or make small substitutions to gene sequences."
Recent refinements to this technology have made it more accessible to scientists everywhere, as
newer methods allow for "enhanced nuclease performance, accelerated nuclease assembly, and
lowered the cost of genome editing." Furthermore, these synthetic nucleases are able to target
different cells,

Genetic Based Diagnostic Patents
Introduction Technology enriches our society by making widely available new and useful goods,
services, and technical information . Clearly, as a society, we would want to encourage the
development of technology so that we can reap the benefits they offer us. Innovators require an
incentive to invent and share these technologies with the rest of society. This incentive is achieved
by granting intellectual property rights (IPR) to inventors . More specifically, the incentive is
usually achieved by granting patents to inventors . Patents are governed under a Federal statute in
Canada, the Patent Act . The act sets out the criteria that an invention must meet in order to be
patentable , as well as exclusions to patentable subject matter . There ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Myriad Genetics Inc., the court held the position that although Myriad located and sequenced the
BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, extensive effort alone would not transform the discovery into a patent
eligible composition of matter . This position taken by the court reiterated Myriad's claimed
invention was routine and lacked inventiveness. Therefore, although the "obvious to try" test may
seem to tip the scale in favour of Human gene patents, case law shows this is not the view the
Judiciary holds, thus Human genes ultimately do not meet the non–obviousness

Gene Therapy Research Paper
Gene Therapy Research Paper Gene therapy is described as the transplantation of normal genes into
cells in place of missing or defective ones in order to correct genetic disorders. 1 During the 1960's
and early 70's the actual concept of what is now known to be gene therapy arose. Many new
practices including the development of genetically marked cell lines and the delineation of cells
transformation by the papaovaviruses polyoma were in the works. Cloned genes became a product
of this new DNA technique and were used to prove that foreign genes could actually correct genetic
disorders.2 This new technology in the medical field has a wide range of uses that is constantly
growing larger as scientists continue to study and experiment with it. As of right now, the uses of
gene therapy in the medical field consist of replacing missing or defective genes, delivering genes
that speed the destruction of cancer cells, supplying genes that cause cancer cells to revert to their
normality, delivering bacterial or viral genes as a form of vaccination, providing genes that promote
or impede the growth of new tissue and delivering genes that stimulate the healing of damaged
tissue.3 With this information, a wide variety of genes are now being used for testing within gene
therapy. In the mid 1980's the first use of gene therapy was practiced and then seen in a four–year
old girl when she became the first gene therapy patient on September 14, 1990 at the NH Clinical
Center. This four–year

A Brave New World By Aldous Huxley
A Brave New World published in 1932 by Aldous Huxley was about a utopian society in which
people were placed in castes because of how their embryos were modified. Little did the author
know less than a century later the idea of "designer babies" might be a reality. Designer babies are
very similar to Huxley's idea; a person could be genetically altered before they were born. Unlike
Huxley's book, in which embryos were genetically modified due to government industrial control,
designer babies' destinies are determined by parental control. Although, gene alteration can prevent
genetic diseases, predetermining genetic outcomes should be illegal because of its negative effects
on society; the effect genes have on each other, and the underwhelming success rate.
One reason designer babies should be illegal is because of its negative effects on society. Many
believe designer babies " [will cause] a greater gap in society between the 'haves' and 'have–nots,' or
rather the 'ideal' and 'non–ideal' humans" (Catalano). Those who want their unborn child to be
genetically adjusted would have to have enough money to have this procedure done. This could
result in more drastic differences in wealth and socio–economic standing. Another gap in society
that would come from designer babies is the unfair advantage someone with modified genetics
could have. One person would have to work on a certain skill to get very good at it, whereas a
genetically modified person would be programmed to be good

What Are The Pros And Cons Of Gene Editing In Human
The author, Joel Achenbach from The Washington Post, wrote about the ethicists caution in
applying CRISPR to gene editing in humans. He examines the arguments that the ethicists are
concerned about. Some of which are, to prevent the cosmetic enhancements that would lead to
permanent genetic changes in the human species, not crossing the thin line of playing God, and
having heavy restrictions on this technique. The next steps are to continue with caution and to come
up with a list of rules and regulations for this new technique. In my research paper this article will
help me discuss the pros and cons and how we should go about this new technology.
Andrew, Elise. "World's First Genetically Modified Human Embryo Raises Ethical Concerns." ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Medicine in Washington, D.C., yellow
lighted the human embryo editing. Author Jocelyn Kaiser, a writer for the American Association for
Advancement of Science, wrote on this subject. The committee concluded that a scientific
observation "might be permitted, but only following much more research" on the dangers and
profits, and only for compelling reasons and under firm oversight would this technology be used on
human embryos. Some of the scientists doing the research on altering the DNA of embryos are
pleased with this report. Having some rules and regulations takes away some of the ethical concern
and leaves the science portions to be done. This article show how the whole gene editing thing
became a reality, by having this information I will be able to use it in my research paper to give full
descriptions on how it came to

The Genetic Modification Of Gene Technology
Crop Genetic Modification
Biological basis
Gene technology also known as genetic engineering involves taking genes of one organism and
putting it into another to have only certain desired characteristic and isolating others, which are
undesirable (Forman, 2010). The process involves the manual addition of DNA to an organism and
this adds one or more features that are not found on the plant.
Important biology concepts in gene technology
DNA is a molecule, which exists on the nucleus of every cell in a plant or an animal, which has four
subunits that are denoted by letters A, T, G and C. Their order in the DNA strand contains a code of
information for that particular cell. The small segments of the DNA are known as genes and each
gene contains the instruction how to produce a single protein. Proteins are important in the genetic
modification as they can be structures like organelles and cell walls or they can regulate what
usually happens inside the cells (Forman, 2010). Everything, which can be observed in an organism,
is made up of protein or is because of protein action. DNA contains a genetic code which contains
information which means the same in all organisms. The trait forms the basis of gene modification
when a certain gene is extracted from an organism and is inserted into another it gives the recipient
the ability to express the similar trait as the donor organism.
Process of gene modification
Find a plant, which naturally contains the genes for the desired trait

Gene Editing and Engineering Technology
INTRODUCTION:
Gene editing and engineering technology has the potential to cure many diseases that plague
humans. Until now, there have been two main methods used to perform gene editing. The first is a
method that uses Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) to target genes. This method allowed to make
changes at the desired places, but it required, a new protein to be specifically engineered for each
target gene. This was difficult and very time consuming. The other method uses transcription
activator–like effector nucleases (TALENs). In this method, it's much more easier to tailor them to
the targeted genes. But, TALENS are large proteins, and it is difficult to deliver them into the cells.
CRISPR stands for 'clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats'. These are short DNA
sequences that are found in bacteria. This is used to make RNA that along with a protein called
Cas9, to make cuts in the invading viral DNA. This mechanism is used by bacteria to protect and
defend against invading viruses.
In 2012, it was discovered by Jinek et al [1], that a piece of RNA along with the Cas9 nuclease
could be used to make cuts at any place in the DNA sequence. The greatest advantage of this
method is that it is very easy to engineer pieces of RNA corresponding to the DNA sequence to be
cut. Also, the Cas9 nuclease is easy to produce. This method provides a cheap, quick and easy way
to make genetic changes in cells, and accelerate genetic research in the laboratory. HUMAN

Rhetorical Analysis Of Jennifer Kahn's Speech
The world of technology is an ever growing field in which thousands of people work together to
advance the human race and share their knowledge in order to inform people across the globe. It is
vital that innovators communicate with the public in order for their ideas to gain popularity and so
the audience is aware of all aspects of the technology, good and bad. Without the appropriate
communicative skills, the technology remains underappreciated, underfunded, and unchecked.
Jennifer Kahn, a speaker at Ted Talk, gave a speech and attempted to use these methods in order to
clearly convey to her audience her message about gene drives while keeping the audience engaged
in her topic. Kahn employed Aristotle's artistic proof by putting to use ethos, ... Show more content
Kahn accomplished this by actively returning to the idea of whether or not gene editing is ethical
and by specifically addressing the concerns of gene editing in a balanced manner. In order to
establish good moral character, Kahn talks about malaria and the possible benefits gene editing
could have in order to prevent malaria outbreaks. She states that gene editing could "virtually
eliminate malaria" and that could effectively save the lives of many. The fact that she is interested in
the lives that could be saved by gene editing shows the audience that Kahn has good morals and is
essentially cared about a good cause rather than just for the pursuit of science. Additionally, as Kahn
is persuading the audience towards the use of gene editing in a positive way, she still explains that
gene editing is "also a somewhat alarming new tool." By putting forth the potential dangers of gene
editing, Kahn is able to put the audience at ease because the understand that she is taking into
account the ethical aspects of gene editing. This ties into Kahn's goodwill because it portrays her as
individuals who cares how this will effect humanity and therefore how it will effect the audience as
well. Kahn establishes both good moral character and goodwill which contribute to the overall
persuasion of her

The Consequences Of Gene Editing With CRISPR-Cas 9
4 Future Possibilities
4.1 Gene Editing with CRISPR–Cas 9
This technology was discovered in 2013 and very quickly applied to human cells in a laboratory
setting. This technology has set the record in all the editing methods to control the genetic makeup
of an offspring (Sas & Lawrenz, 2017). This record is helped by the ability of CRISPR–Cas9 to
replicate any gene in the human genome by using 20 bases. This method uses a RNA strand
(CRISPR), the bases, and an endonuclease (Cas 9). The Cas 9 intentionally cuts the DNA next to
where the CRISPR is programmed to alter. The cut by the Cas 9 causes the gene to no longer be
active. The gene can either remain inactive, or another genetic code can be inserted at the location.
This method can be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the ultimate goal is achieved, since the reproductive organs also contain the new genetic makeup,
the individual would no longer pose the risk of passing the previous heritable disease to their future
offspring. Some argue that the immediate use of CRISPR–Cas9 is a moral imperative (Sas &
Lawrenz, 2017) since this method has the potential to rid family lines of cancer, depression, or other
heritable diseases.
4.2 Proper Legislation Needed
With the research and breakthroughs of gene editing and engineering being new and a foreign
territory to many countries, there's not proper legislation in place to ensure this technology is not
misused within the United States. While Britain has an agency that is targeted towards both the
public and private research, the United States still lacks this structure and accountability (Green,
2007). In the United States, the public research is very regulated while private research doesn't have
an overseeing organization. The real question lies, under what agency or federal organization does
gene editing fall into. The author I.H Carmen suggested the President's Commission of Bioethics
(Carmen, 2004). This would be beneficial because then all states would be on the same platform on
this issue. However, the Commission primarily advises the president and the president can choose
very easily not to follow the advice the council is giving. Another possibility is the

Summary: Evolution In The Age Of Genomes
Everyone has their own definition of technology, which comes in many different forms, such as
mobile devices or mechanical objects that are used on a daily basis to implicate a submersion of the
human brain. What is the true definition of technology? Even though there are many definitions of
the word in most dictionaries the term technology is defined as "applications of tools and methods".
(google.com). According to famu.edu, "technology" to one technological tool." The cybernetics has
expanded nationwide at a tremendous rate and has improved non–stop over the last few decades
since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. The advancement is to the point where electronics
such as, computers are easier to use than an old typewriter. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
About 21 percent of human genes have close relatives in all other animals, plants, bacteria, and
archaea; these molecules existed in the last common universal ancestor of life on Earth, and may be
over 3 billion years old. By the time eukaryotes split off from archaea and bacteria a billion years
later, 53 percent of human genes already existed" (Evolution In) . Moral perspective cannot be
known as acceptable or unacceptable behavior but in science it can be known for the growing and
shrinking of your genomes. "Mutations usually involve changes in single letters of the genetic code,
but genomes constantly undergo many more dramatic changes, acquiring and losing large blocks of
genes, sometimes even entire chromosomes. Some organisms have lost incredible numbers of genes,
shrinking down to a tiny size–direct evidence that evolution does not always make organisms more
complex." Technology has a moral impact on science to help examine our genomes to help us
understand our cells and how we are built, it also involves us in society. The legal aspect of
technology comes from the article Legal software Thomas Reture like to involve legal aspect of
technology on the speed that technology gives off." Legal software and solutions that give you an
edge. " With

The Pros And Cons Of Human Genetic Engineering
With the advent of Darwin's theory of evolution came curiosity; What would the next stage of
human evolution look like? Then came the discovery of genes, and mankind's curiosity was piqued;
What if we could alter our genes to our liking? However, now that we are finally on the verge of
cracking the genetic code, we must ask ourselves; Should we use this technology? This single
question has fueled a fiery debate among a variety of groups in modern times, but where does the
heart of the debate lie? One could argue that there is an issue of fact, as we don't know all the
potential applications human genetic engineering (henceforth called HGE) could have, but many
uses of the technology have already been identified. Therefore, the heart of the debate lies in the
quality of these applications and whether we should allow the research of HGE to continue.
But who are the interested parties in this debate? While this is an issue that affects our entire
species, there are a few groups who hold certain values and beliefs that have an impact on their
opinion of HGE. A major group involved in HGE discussion are the geneticists themselves, who
generally seek to defend their work. One such geneticist is Dr. George Church, a professor at
Harvard, whose work in genetics has caused a great deal of controversy among the scientific
community. Dr. Church's work in HGE revolves around a revolutionary genetic tool known as
CRISPR, which allows researchers to cut DNA from anywhere in the genome and

Gene Technology
Gene Technology
Nelly Solorzano
Strayer University
SCI115008VA016–1158–001
Intro to Biology
Kerry Lee
November 29, 2015
Gene Technology
Biological basis – Genetic engineering is a laboratory process by which an individual genome is
purposely modified. With genetic engineering a gene from one species can be transferred to another
and produce an organism that is transgenic or a gene can be altered and reinserted into an individual
of the same species. Either way resulting in genetically modified organism also known as GMO.
One GMO being used now is genetically modified or engineered animals which are animals in
which modern technology and molecular biology are used to alter their existing characteristics or
traits. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Changes are being made to refine the genetic engineering techniques that are being used such as the
use of less invasive procedures and less creation of large quantities of animals warranting for less
animals exposed to harmful procedures, because out the ones that are created only so many survive
the genetic engineering procedures or actually have the wanted outcome.
There are also concern with the some of the outcomes of experimenting with genetically modified
animals especially with the transplant of animal organs into humans as this may cause catastrophic
results being that all human pandemics have been cause of animal viruses that adapted to replicate
in humans. Also experimenting with the genes of animals raises ethical dilemmas as some animals
have been genetically modified to carry mutations associated with human diseases and often suffer
the same symptoms of these conditions like humans.
My personal view on this matter of genetically modified animals is that if they are used for a good
purpose such as medicine for humans and other animals than this is a good cause.
The first genetically modified animals were mice but now a days they are experimenting with many
more animals I do have some reservations on this matter. While I do know a lot of research has been
accomplished without the need of experimenting on humans. I don't think animals

Breakthro Alteration
Our world is in a constant state of flux. Changes are being made every second of the day, and this is
only natural to life. So it shouldn't come to a surprise with how rapidly advance our medical science
is becoming. Why does nature spew new innovations? Because in order to survive, all living things
have to overcome numerous obstacles in life. Therefore, scientists are constantly developing new
technologies to reduce the hurdles of humans. This includes the method of genome–editing that may
alter human DNA. However, there are many concern about the consequences of genome alteration
as this will affect the individual and their future generation (Wade). We don't know for certain what
lies beyond this. While it makes a highly promising invention for a multiplicity of uses, could we be
tampering with nature? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This technique is described to be able to "repair or enhance any human genes" such as "curing
genetic diseases (gene therapy), but also enhance qualities like beauty or intelligence (Wade)."
Through modification of genes, we will be able to modify certain genomes that are susceptible to
diseases and undesirable characteristics into more "suitable" genes for certain environments. For
example, there are many diseases that can lead to destruction yet could be intervened by selective
genetic engineering. Heritable "bad" genes may be detected and removed to avoid passing disease
traits to the future generation. The human could be engineered to be less susceptible to diseases,
mutations such as down syndrome could also be avoided. As medical science advances, our live
expectancy increases each year, but genetic research may represent a turning point in life

Gene Technology Essay

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