"Our Scientists" PPT is prepared by M Padma Lalitha Sharada. It is edited version of my previous PPT

1. By
M. Padma Lalitha sharada
For Classes VI & VII
Our Scientists

2. Contribution of Scientists to progress of Science
 There is a lot of
difference between the
stone age man of
yesterday and today’s
man of atomic age.
 We have many kinds of
implementations and
machines available now
and we desire to get still
more modernised
implements.
 Scientists alone are
responsible for our
comfortable life.
Noble Prize Winner – Indian
Scientist
C. VENKATA RAMAN

3. DARK AGE
(Before 500 B.C.)
 There were scientists in our country and in Greece
before 500 B.C., but the principles and facts told and
put forth by them were not believed because of the
superstitions and ignorance of the people. That’s why
that period is known as the “DARK AGE”.
 From 16th century, scientists
came forward boldly and faced

4. Life to the scientific knowledge
 Continuous observation,
 Research and devotion,
 Extensive work,
 Resourcefulness and their
process of formulating facts
gave life to the scientific
knowledge.
 As a result they discovered
many new items.
 Wrought-Iron Pillar of New Delhi*
 Ancient India was an early leader in
metallurgy.

5. JOHN GUTENBERG(1397 to 1468)
German Scientist
 John Gutenberg realised the
necessity of the implement to
convey the principles, experiments
and inventions or discoveries to the
future generation.
 The printing machine is the
reflection of his thoughts.
 Recording the scientific knowledge
has become very easy with that
machine.

6. John Gutenberg – style Printing Press from 1568.
Such presses could make 240 prints per hour.

7. Gutenberg Monument in
Germany
John Gutenberg

8. Zaccharias Johnson
(1580-1638)
Dutch Scientist
 There are many organisms
which are not visible to our
naked eye.
 Some of those organisms
cause diseases. To find such organisms
Zaccharias Johnson
discovered the
Microscope in 1590.

9. ANTONIE VAN LEEUWEN HOEK (1632 -1723)
Netherlands Scientist
 In 1653 Antonie Van Leeuwen
hoek discovered the living
organisms which are invisible to
our naked eye, those are the
unicellular organisms of Phylum
Protozoa.
 This enabled the scientists to
discover the diseases caused by
those organisms and also the
preventive measures of
remedies.
Replica of Microscope by
Antonie Van Leeuwen Hoek

10. A species of Protozoa identified by
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

11. ROBERT KOCH (1843-1910)
German Scientist
 In the 19th century Robert Koch
formulated the symptoms and
preventive measures of Tuberculosis
and Cholera by studying the nature of
the disease causing micro organisms.
 German Postage Stamp on Robert Koch.
 (Released in 2005)

12. Robert Koch Monument in Berlin
Robert Koch

13. Robert Koch’s fight against Malaria
 East - German Commemorative Coin
(1968) on Robert Koch
 Malaria was thus iradicated
by 1902 and Kupelwieser
erected a monument to
Koch, which still stands in
Vicinity of the 15th century
Church of St. German on
Veliki Brijun Island.
• According to Koch’s instructions,
all the ponds and swamps where
Malaria carrying Mosquitoes hatched
were reclaimed and patients were
treated with Quinine.

14. Monument to Robert Koch and
the fight against Malaria at
Veliki Brijun Island – istria
country in Adriatic Sea.

15. An Electron Microscope that can magnify living cells, micro–organisms -
parts of the cells 10 thousand times is available. There is also scope for
taking photographs of Microscope organism and its parts also.
 Electron Microscope(1973)  Electron Microscope(1933)
 An image of ant in a
scanning Electron Microscope
 An insect coated in gold for
viewing with a scanning
Electron Microscope

16. Louis Pasteur(1822-1895)
French Scientist
Louis Pasteur was surprised to see
the crude and dangerous method of
treatment for dog-bite.
He thought that it was not correct
and he conducted his experiments
on dog bite .
In 1885 he discovered a medicine
for “Rabis” – dog bite in scintific
method. He conducted his work in
Bacteriology.Inventor of Pasteurization Method

17. Pasteur’s works in
Bacteriolgy
Pasteurization Plant Louis Pasteur discovered the
process of Pasteurization to
destroy Bacteria.
He proved that fermentation
of grape juice is caused by
micro – organisms.
He also proposed that micro
organisms are the cause for
contagious diseases through
Microbe - theory.

18. William Harvey
(1578-1657)
British Scientist
 William Harvey proved by his
experiments that blood circulation
is necessary for the functioning of
heart.
 But he could not demonstrate how
blood is collected in the heart.
Postage Stamp on
William Harvey by
Soviet Union (1957)

19. Marcello Malpighi
(1638 – 1694)
Italian Scientist
Malpighi Tomb in Italy
Described about systematic circulation of blood
being pumped by the body to the heart.

20. Dhanvantari
Sushruta
Charaka
INDIAN SCIENTISTS
In our country Dhanvantari, Sushruta, Charaka etc., were
regarded as Doctors, Scientists.

21. Dhanvantari
An idol of Dhanvantari at an
Ayurveda Expo in Bangalore
Dhanvantari is an Avatar of
Vishnu from the Hindu
tradition. He appears in the
vedas and Puranas as the
physician of the Gods and
the God of Ayurvedic
Medicine.

22. Sushruta (800 B.C.) – Father of Surgery
Statue of Sushruta in Haridwar Sushrutha is the author of the
book “Sushrutha Samhita”.
In which he describes over 300
surgical procedures and 120
surgical instruments and classifies
human surgery in eight categories.
Because of his seminal and
numerous contributions to the
science and art of surgery he is
also known by the title “Father of
Surgery”.

23. Charaka (300 B.C.)Charaka Monument in
Patanjali Yogpeeth Campus -
Haridwar Charaka is author of
“Charaka Samhita”.
It is a document which
contains information about
seasons, diet, thinking,
therapies and various other
guidelines for getting good
health for everyone.

24. Acharya Nagarjuna
(100 A.D.)
Acharya Nagarjuna was
the first Indian who
produced chemical,
metallurgical inventions
and discoveries.
Nagarjuna proposed
“Ihe Theory of Rasa Vada”.

25. Arya Bhat Statue of Arya bhat on the
(476-550 A.D.) grounds of IUCAA (Pune)
Aryabhat formulated “Austronomical Facts”.

26. JAGADEESH CHANDRA BOSE (1858 – 1937 )
Jagadeesh Chandra Bose
in
Royal Institution
(London)

27. Jagadeesh Chandra Bose conducted several experiments on
plants and discovered that plants have life.
GROWTH RATE OF PLANTS
.
He said that they exhibit feelins.
He discovered “Cresco Graph” to find
out the growth of plants
CRESCO GRAPH

28. Chandra Shekhara Venkata
Raman (1888 – 1970) C.V. Raman conducted experiments
on light.
Raman Energy Levels

29. Energy Level Diagram showing the States
involved in Raman Signal

30. C.V. Raman published the principles of “Raman
Effect” which explained the “Light Emission” and for
it he awarded the Noble Prize.
Indian Postage Stamp
released on C.V.
Raman in 1971

31. Acharya Prapulla Chandra Roy (1861 – 1944 )
P.C. Roy conducted
experiments on Nitrates.
An Exhibition on P.C. Roy was held at
the Science City, Kolkatta on his 150th
Birth Anniversary (2nd August, 2011)

32. MEGHANATH SAHA (1893 – 1956 )
Thermionic Emission
Meghanath Saha formulated the theory of “Heat Emission”
(Thermionic emission).

33. Dr. MANKOMBU SAMBASIVAN SWAMINATHAN
(Born on August 7th 1925)
Today many countries are facing
shortage of food. There is no
sufficient production of food for
the population.
Dr. M.S. Swaminathan
developed different high
yielding new varieties of crop
plants (Hybrids) and his effort
was admired by many nations
in the world.

34. Father of India's Green Revolution

35. M.S. Swaminathan is well known as
“FATHER OF GREEN REVOLUTION IN INDIA”.
He worked as President of
International Rice Research Institute.
There he worked for agricultural
production in Manila.
Now He is the Founder and Chairman
of the M.S. Swaminathan Research
Foundation.
D.N.A.
DeOxyRibonucleic
Acid

36. Revision
Man observed many things in
nature in the stone age itself.
Some people conducted
experiments, declared results
(inferences) for which
superstitions stud as obstacles.
It took sometime to overcome
them. People came to a decision
that Scientific discoveries could
solve their problems.

37. Scientists followed an analytical way for finding the facts.
They analysed the results of
their experiments before
formulating difficult
theories.
Their discoveries have made
our lives comfoirtable.

38. SHARADA
THANK YOU ONE & ALL