METHODS AND STEPS OF CREATING ELECTRONIC DICTIONARY

2. INTRODUTION:
 An electronic dictionary is a dictionary whose data
exists in digital form and can be accessed through a
number of different media.
 Electronic dictionary can be found in several forms ,
including ;
As dedicated hand held device
As apps on smart phones and tablets or
computer software's.
As a function built into an E-reader.
As free or paid for online products.

3. Electronic
dictionary
Offline dictionary
Pocket electronic
dictionaries
Pc dictionaries
Online dictionary

4.  Profiling the intended users{ i.e. linguistic and non-
linguistic competence} and identifying their needs.
 Defining the communicative and cognitive functions of
the dictionary.
 Selecting and organizing the components of the
dictionary.
 Choosing the appropriate structures for presenting the
data in the dictionary{ i.e. frame structure , distribution
structure , macro-structure , micro-structure and cross-
reference structure.}

5. .
 Selecting words and affixes for systematization as
entries.
 Selecting collocation , phrases and examples.
 Choosing lemma forms for each word or part of word
to be lemmatized.
 Defining words.
 Organizing definition.
 Specifying pronunciation of words.
 Labeling definitions and pronunciation for register
and dialect , where appropriate.
 Selecting equivalents in bi- and multilingual
dictionaries.
 Translating collocations , phrase and examples in bi
and multilingual dictionaries.
 Designing the best way in which users can access the
data in printed and electronic dictionaries

6. 1.The collection of materials
 The basic form of the collection of material is the excerption
of texts.
 The lexicographer takes out of a text lexical unit (words)
which are of interest and put them on single slip of paper:
 the excerption is of value above all if –or rather only if the
lexical unit in question is quoted with its lexicographic
context and
 Preferably if other indications are added, such as the citation
of the source of the excerpt etc ..

7. The next step in the lexicographers’ work is
the selection of entries , i.e. the choice of the
lexical unit which are to be embraced in the
dictionary.
It can be grouped into two broad categories
like :
1.the form of the lexical units
2. the density of the lexical units
included in the dictionary.

8. Single lexical units are in single entries.
All the entries of dictionary should be constructed in a
uniform way as possible.
Each entry should be treated as a compartment of its own ,
containing all the information about the lexical unit of the
dictionary.
The entry consist of two parts
1.the lemma part
2.the description part.
The most important part of the lemma is the entry word
which is the indication of each respective lexical unit in its
canonical form.
This part contains grammatical information , all
irregularities , etymology , derivation, pronunciation etc.

9. DESCRIPTION OF LEXICAL MEANING
According to Zugusta , there are four basic
instrument which are used for the description
of lexical meaning;
 lexicographic definition.
Synonyms.
Exemplification.
Glosses and labels.

10. Normally entries are arranged according to the
alphabetical order of the particular language.
There are other types of arrangements as follows:
1.chronological order
2.classified order.
3.semantic order or thematic order.
 A “mixed” arrangement is one in which two or
more of these are combined.
For example;
Therapy (n)
origin:mid 19th century: from
modern Latin therapia,from Greek therapies
healing, from therapeutic minister to, treat
medically.
meaning: treatment intended to relive or heal a

11.  The basic unit of the dictionary is the treatment unit
 The treatment units results when a form and
information relating to that form are brought together
.(addressing procedure)
 The relation of form and information is that of topic
and comment.
 Each information item is addressed to a form called
address.
 Normally, in the dictionary the most important item is
definition. but there may be hundreds of other
information types.i.e items.
 The most important address is the lemma which
belongs to the alphabetic access structure.
 Macro-structure
 Microstructure.

12.  Lexicography and dictionary research are
exciting areas to work.
 Both are undergoing major changes largely
because of development in information
technology.
 For dictionary makers as well as dictionary
users, computers and particularly, the
internet offers previously un-imaginable
possibilities.
 Dictionary researchers work in reviewing
these works and studying how they are used
,feeds back into the next generation of
dictionaries.
 In this scenario, reviewing the
lexicographical theoretical issues will be
quite essential making electronic
dictionaries in the Indian context.

13. Thank you