Yosemite Outdoor Recreation Activity Promotion

Yosemite Outdoor Recreation Activity
With the rise of city living, many felt a sense of loss and disconnect with nature. The public trend
for more outdoor recreational activities increased during this time too. In response, the government,
railroad owners as well as operators of tourist destinations hired artists and photographers to create
print materials that promoted land for leisure, retreat and places for all to enjoy (Elliot, 2006;
Meister, Chamberlain & Brown, 2006; Porter, 2013; Spaulding, 1995). Photos along with postcards
and other materials used symbolic representations of nature to promote open spaces and places for
leisure. They constructed a narrative whereby Americans traveled to national parks and wilderness
areas as an escape from deep economic pursuits. Like ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
President Lyndon Johnson responded with the launch of the Great Society that consisted of several
government programs focused on education, health, urban issues, transportation and the
environment. Key environmental legislation passed such as the Clean Air Act of 1963 and
Wilderness Act in 1964, which authorized the Highway Trust Fund to finance the Land and Water
Conservation Fund Act of 1965 that allocated funds to federal, state and local agencies for outdoor
spaces and leisure activities. Additional legislation included the Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965;
Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Act of 1965; National Historic Preservation Act of 1966;
Endangered Species Preservation Act of 1966; National Trails System Act of 1968; Wild and Scenic
Rivers Act of 1968; and National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. The U.S. Department of
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) also established the Advanced Research
Projects Administration (ARPAnet) in 1969, an experimental network that linked distant
government computers to a network capable of surviving a nuclear war so scientists and government
agencies could share information across the country. However, the war never came and ARPANET
evolved into what we know today as the Internet. As I argue later, creating these entities are
significant
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Brief History Of National Parks And How The Government...
Danlin Huang
ESPM 50 AC M W 3–430
GSI: Shams Al–Din Al–Hajjaji
Revealing the Hidden Story
Introduction
Today, most people are enjoying their experiences from the 58 beautiful national parks. The visitors
can see the most treasured landscapes, the majestic mountains, and even many animals that are
rarely seen. Nonetheless, many overlook or never realize that as much as they have benefited from
the parks, there is a whole population that was fatally affected and eventually displaced from their
homeland during the establishment of the national parks–the Native Americans. Their splendid
history had come to an end and disappeared since then. It is important for the readers and everyone
to recognize the native population and realize the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the end of the paper, readers will be exposed to the dark side of the National Park System and
look at this system more critically than before. I hope when the visitors enjoy the beautiful parks in
the future, they can think of the hidden stories of the Indians and recognize them in their heart.
History of the Creation of the National Parks The conservation movement that began in the 19th
century gave rise to the radical idea of establishing national parks for the protection of natural lands
and resources. In March, 1872, Yellowstone became the first national park of the US and was signed
into law by President Ulysses S. Grant. At first, the Native Americans weren 't seen as a threat to the
national parks because they were known to live in harmony with nature. Indians such as the
Shoshone people in the Yellowstone National Park regularly hunted mountain sheep and buffalos
(Shannontech). However, as people's mindset changed, the government decided to use the United
States Army to regulate the Indian's activities in the parks, including restricting their seasonal
huntings. The Department of the Interior, which was in charged of the national parks, continued to
enforce regulations on the parks and worked to create more national parks. It wasn 't until the
presidency of Theodore Roosevelt that the National Park System was started. He established "the
U.S. Forest Service, the nation's first

Relfection of the American Environmental Movement...
American Counterculture Reflection The modern Environment Movement began with the passing of
the Wilderness Act of 1964. The act established a National Wilderness System and created 9
millions acres. The main influence and writer of the act Howard Zahniser, who felt that we needed
wilderness as it takes us away from technology that gives us perspective of mastering the
environment rather than being a part of it (Nash, 2001). With the passing of the act Americans
questioned both preservation and conservation. A new culture emerged in America that rejected
societal norms and praised independence and freedom. This culture developed in the youth of
America and sparked change in preservation growth and the overall outlook of wilderness.
The "counterculture" developed during the 1960's into the 1970's and during this time period the
American mindset questioned normal values and institutions. Over half the population was under
25, many of whom associated themselves with the Hippie Movement. Hippies were all about
rejecting and rebelling against monumental societal institutions and were the focus group in the
counterculture. The hippies set themselves apart from the "stereotypical man" and wanted to be
untamed and wild. They valued the beauty in naturalness and stripping away "the securities of
civilization that normally intervene between humans and elemental challenges (Nash, p. 267). They
wanted independence and felt that the GNP was not the best indicator of American success.

Wallace Stegner's Wilderness Letter Essay
In Wallace Stegner's "Wilderness Letter," he is arguing that the countries wilderness and forests need
to be saved. For a person to become whole, Stegner argues that the mere idea of the wild and the
forests are to thank. The wilderness needs to be saved for the sake of the idea. He insinuates that
anyone in America can just think of Old faithful, Mt. Rainier, or any other spectacular landform,
even if they have not visited there, and brought to a calm. These thoughts he argues are what makes
us as people whole.
The wilderness can be used to measure against the man made world, a "scientific yardstick."
Throughout the entire piece he is arguing that the importance is not what we can actually see or
touch, but what we think of and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The land helped form their mentality as they worked their way across it and through it by working
on their souls.
The wilderness and forests need to be saved for the future generations, and a sort of "wilderness
bank" needs to be formed in order to keep the reality of the wilderness alive and keep mankind
grounded to the earth.
The best way to accept nature is through an unclogged mind. The spiritual refreshment that comes
from the land and the wild without the technology clouding everyone's mind is the best way.
Stegner thinks that the wilderness has taught the generations of the past the trick of quiet, as did
Sherwood Anderson. In order to teach the future generations this trick, people must leave the land as
it is now and not use the land for recreational purposes. Along with the technology that has come to
be, so have a bitter attitude and more illness. People became more hostile and bitter as the
technological advances took of and the frontier fell.
All of nature and the wild are equally important to Stegner; from the prairies to the Alpine forests,
it's all equally important. He calls it technocracy as in a democratic technology.
Stegner believes that the fact this letter has been used in posters, made it around the world and been
used to promote wilderness preservation, proves that the message is one of truth.
The land, the forests, and the wilderness belong to

Creating A Centralized Collection Of Information About Our...
Section One In 1995 with the emergence of the Internet as a powerful tool that was clearly here to
stay, a project began to create a centralized collection of information about our nation's wilderness.
Before the proposal of the Wilderness Information Network, information on the wilderness was
spread across multiple sites controlled by different branches of the government that held relevant
information. The Wilderness Information Network (WIN) sought to unite the information in a way
that the general public, wilderness visitors, scientists, managers, educators, legislators, and
government agents would all be able to make productive use of the available information, which
would be provided by the National Park Service, Bureau of Land ... Show more content on
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However, the Park Service's representative on the steering committee for the project, found this to
be duplicative. The representative, Wes Henry, believed that any information sought by the WIN
was available through Park.Net, the National Park Service's (NPS) operational webpage. He
believed that the WIN would be placing extra burden on Park managers, seeking the extra effort in
an attempt to gain irrelevant or ill thought out information. This begs the question: How could the
WIN move forward without the NPS, which oversaw 42%, the greatest percentage under a single
agency, of wilderness land? The key actors in the problem on the WIN would be the government
agencies comprising the steering committee and their representatives, and while three institutions in
Missoula, MT served as the driving force behind the project (the University of Montana, the Aldo
Leopold Wilderness Research Institute and the Arthur Carhart National Wilderness Training Center),
they were a part of the National Wilderness Preservation System that was made up of the four
federal agencies. The steering committee included Wes Henry of the National Park Service, Jeff
Jarvis of the Bureau of Land Management, Peter Jerome of the Fish and Wildlife Service, and Jerry
Stokes of the US Forest Service. This committee served as the closest thing to a directing force for
the

Evolution Of Wilderness
The journey to a better tomorrow
The journey, the experiences; memories, lessons, the steps to get to the destination from the
beginning, has seldom been talked about through the transformation of wilderness. However, the
destination is well recognized throughout written history. During the Colonialization of America,
there was a belief of wilderness being the land of the devil (Nash, 2012). Which continued to evolve
into a legal stance known as The Wilderness Act of 1964, in which it describes wilderness as "area
of undeveloped Federal land retaining its primeval character and influence, without permanent
improvements or human habitation, which is protected and managed so as to preserve its natural
conditions and which (1) generally appears to have been affected primarily by the forces of nature,
with the imprint of man's work substantially unnoticeable; (2) has outstanding opportunities for
solitude or a primitive and unconfined type of recreation; (3) has at least five thousand acres of land
or is of sufficient size as to make practicable its preservation and use in an unimpaired condition;
and (4) may also contain ecological, geological, or other features of scientific, educational, scenic,
or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This definition better brings out the realization of the dangers of the wilderness, but it is still
romanticized by using the words 'recreation' and 'use'. It is essential to evaluate the evolution of
wilderness by examining the beginning tangibility in the colonial time period, the romanticized
outcome with artists, poets and innovators, the legalization for the betterment of civilization, and the
journey it took to achieve the glorified outcome of wilderness through the personal accounts of
Christopher McCandless in Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer, and the autobiography of Cheryl Strayed
in Wild: From Lost to

Analysis Of Ansel Adams ' A Picture Is Worth A Thousand Words
A picture is worth a thousand words. This phrase has almost become cliched but it is a powerful
statement that applies perfectly in photography. When good photographers observe a powerful scene
that moves them, they will use their talents, skills, and techniques to translate that power in their
photography. They can effectively allow their audience to feel the same power they did during their
first observation. In turn, this communication of power often returns power to the original scene.
This is true in photography that conveys everything from human rights violations to family history
to nature. One photographer that took this journey with his art was Ansel Adams. At a very young
age he felt a spiritual connection and inspiration with Yosemite and the Sierra Nevada country. He
honed his talent and technique as a photographer to capture that power and inspiration so that it
radiated from his final prints. As people observed his prints, they were moved and in turn provided
power to protect the majesty of the wilderness that Ansel so loved. Adams was an only child to his
parents and his father "molded into his son a direct expression of Emersonian ideals, raised above all
to adore nature, the straightest path to the eternal." He struggled to fit in at school as he "was an odd,
hyperactive child" who "grew emotionally unstable and cried easily." and was eventually
homeschooled. The nature loving boy was 14 years old when his family first visited the Yosemite
valley

Wilderness: History and Value Essay
Wilderness: History and Value
History
From the very beginning of this nation's history, wilderness has been a fundamental ingredient. The
first European settlers found and battled against it upon their arrival. The western explorers and
wagon trains sought to wrestle farmland from the wilderness's grip to build cities, farms and homes.
It was not until the reality of its finite availability, that it was viewed as anything other than an
opponent and menace. These changing attitudes began a new battle for preservation and protection
of the wilderness that remained. The nation's attitude transformation was testimony to a new focus
and value for wilderness. This new disposition declared that the preservation and maintenance of ...
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They viewed the situation as a threat to development, further verifying their beliefs.
As the country aged, the lands west of the original colonies drew more curiosity and became the
new focus of national development. With initiative similar to that which condemned the
undeveloped land and the Indians, explorers set forth, fueled by a perceived blessing from God and
a notion called Manifest Destiny (Kropf,1997). This ideal claimed that the Christian dominance of
the nation was God ordained, therefore giving them license to do as they saw fit. Their mission was
to settle and subdue the wilderness in the West. During the western settlement, incidents like the
discovery of gold in California and small pox plagues which killed thousands of Indians propagated
the ideals of Manifest Destiny. Throughout the nineteenth century, Manifest Destiny was the driving
force of westward expansion and the war on wilderness.
Wilderness Act of 1964
While all of the exploration and expansion continued, different areas gained recognition for their
remarkable wild and scenic beauty. In the 1850's Yosemite state reserve was recognized, and in
1872, Yellowstone was declared the first national park (Nash,1984). This area was preserved as a
"public park or pleasuring ground," to be kept "in the natural condition." Another significant step in
national history and land preservation was the

Environmental Conservation : The Destruction Of The...
The destruction of the environment dates back to before human time. However, this was never a
problem because it was done in moderation. Around 1950, mass deforestation began in many
regions of the world. Since then, the amount of deforestation that occurs is increasing at an alarming
rate. It was not until the early 2000s that the annual rate of deforestation started to decline, and it did
at a large rate. The damage had already been done, clearing an area of land the size of France. The
deforestation that had been done helped the local people of that area bring in a great source of
income. One thing that may have not been on their mind at the time was the impact that mass
deforestation may have on the future generations. Everyone is well aware that wants are unlimited,
but resources are scare. Scare resources can lead to rash and drastic decision making. With each
passing day, we have less resources at our disposal, but we are coming closer to finding potential
alternatives to energy sources. Michael P. Nelson talks about the future generation argument, which
I believe is the strongest of his arguments when it comes to wilderness preservation. Wildernesses
have many different assets to offer that are not only good for humans financially, but also mentally
and physically. Depriving future generations of these assets would a cruel and unfair thing to do.
Michael P. Nelson writes on 30 different arguments of why we should preserve the wildernesses
around the world. Some of

John Muir Research Paper
A man named John Muir was born on April 21, 1838 in Dunbar, Scotland. In 1849, at the age of 11,
Muir and his family emigrated to Portage, Wisconsin. Growing up, Muir and his brother would roam
the fields and the woods of the rich Wisconsin countryside (Sierra Club 2015). In 1867, while John
Muir was working in a carriage parts shop, he suffered a blinding eye injury. After Muir recovered,
he decided that he would leave work and go study nature. In 1868, he visited California and that
became his home. Muir was fascinated by California's Sierra Nevada and the Yosemite. He was
hired as a shepherd's assistant in Yosemite Valley. John Muir wrote a series of articles called the
"Studies in the Sierra" and this launched his successful career as ... Show more content on
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The city of San Francisco proposed building a dam in Hetch Hetchy, a glacier carved valley at the
time, to produce a steady water supply. The Valley was in Yosemite National Park and it was
protected by the federal government. It was then up to the Congress to decide the survival of the
valley. Conservationists believed that the environment should be used in a industrious manner to
benefit the people, while the preservationist believed that nature should be preserved and saved from
human destruction. Hundred of organizations and individuals submitted petitions to Congress about
the valley. Congress eventually passed legislation that allowed the formation of the dam. This defeat
helped transform the Sierra Club from a politically naive hiking club into a formidable and
politically astute environmental organization (Snell

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge : Drilling For Oil Essay
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, commonly
referred to as ANWR has been the source of media and political controversy for the last twenty
years and has only increased in recent years. President Eisenhower reserved this land in 1960 to
preserve and protect the native and diverse plants and wildlife. When oil was discovered in the
Prudhoe Bay a determined group consisting of large oil corporations, politicians and locals insisted
that exploration in the wildlife refuge would lessen the United States dependence to foreign oil,
there would be numerous economic benefits and could be achieved with an inconsequential effect
on the environment. Opponents of drilling reject this argument citing grave environmental concerns.
These adversaries that include many environmental groups argue that the various economic benefits
associated with drilling in ANWR are not significant enough to warrant the destruction of one of the
last remaining pristine wildernesses. The costs associated with drilling evident in oil spills, changes
in habitat and the possible extinction of Polar bears and wolves demonstrate that the benefits of
drilling for oil does not outweigh the negative consequences. In 2015, President Barack Obama
pushed policy to ban oil exploration by designating more than 22 million acres in Alaska of which
12 million are part of the ANWR (Bourne). Background Alaska became an official state of the
United States in 1960.

Environmental Conservation Unit 511
Throughout Wilderness 511 the class learns to grasp the aspects between conservation and
preservation. The terms in general seem to be quite similar and closely related, but once the
examples are brought to the table the two terms are easily understood. When talking about
conservation and preservation the end conclusion talks about saving the wilderness and nature
around us. Conservation can be defined as " a careful preservation and protection of something;
especially: planned management of a natural resource to prevent exploitation, destruction, or
neglect"(dictionary.com). In other words, conservation is taking the action of preserving.
Preservation can be defined as "to keep alive or in existence; make lasting"(dictionary.com). A ...
In class we learned about Yellowstone National Park and the battle to preserve it. Yellowstone
National Park was established in 1872 as the first national park, and was made up of two million
acres (Class notes). In the early stages of this becoming a National Park it was not done so to save
the parks nature and animals, it was done so to show how useless to civilization this land was. This
process overcame many challenges, the biggest one being the railroads and the private industries
(Class notes). Adirondack State Park was also a major topic when speaking about preservation. In
1885 Adirondack Forest was chose to be preserved due to its high demand of water supply for New
York. Not only was this important because it was a major water source but it was also the first state
park to be named as so! It was made up of over 3 million acres and was preserved as protected
wilderness in 1894 (Class notes). At this point in time it was shown that preservation was becoming
worth it. Preservation was gaining political support all over the United States. Adirondack State Park
started being recognized as utilitarian benefits because it was preserving the water supply, and being
preserved for recreational use (Class notes). Today, there

Ansel Adams Influence On Nature
"You don't take a photograph, you make it." – Ansel Adams
Ansel Adams was a great man. He was an Environmentalist, Lecturer, Conversationalist and most
importantly a Photographer. He has inspired many with his beautiful pictures of nature. He has
inspired many to look at nature in a whole new way. Ansel Adams has influenced the way we look at
nature.
Ansel Easton Adams was born on February 20th, 1902 in San Francisco to high class parents
Charles Hitchcock Adams and Olive Bray Adams. His mother Olive was from Maryland while his
father migrated from Ireland to New England. In 1906 at the age of four, Ansel broke his nose in the
aftershock of the 1906 earthquake. Three hours after the initial earthquake, Ansel was thrown out a
window into a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most of Adams photos are black and white photos of Yosemite National Park. Fred Archer and
Adams created the Zone System in 1939. The Zone System is a photographic technique used to
determine optimal film exposure and development. ("Ansel Adams").
Ansel Adams was a big environmentalist as well. He joined the Sierra Club at the age 0f 17 as a
janitor for the LeConte Memorial Lodge. In 1928 he became the club photographer. And was elected
to the board of directors and stayed there for 37 years. The Sierra Club operated in Yosemite
National Park. A park that spreads 747,956 acres across the Mariposa, Tuolumne, and Madera
Counties in Northern California. It is the third most visited park across the U.S.("History: Ansel
Adams""Yosemite National Park", "10 Most Visited National Parks –– National Geographic",).
He was also very active in the National Park Services. The National Park Service is an agency of the
U.S. government that manages the U.S. monuments, parks, and historical properties. He was against
over development, and denomination. Overdevelopment is a way of seeing of seeing global
inequality. There are negative consequences to excessive consumption. Its counter is
underdevelopment. Denomination is a name or designation to classify a set of things.
("Denomination","History: Ansel Adams","National Park

The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) has been the center of a strident controversy and
national debate that has raged for over 40 years. The question raising so much contention is whether
the federal government should allow drilling for oil and natural gas with the levels of contention
paralleling the rise and fall of gas prices. The National Democratic and Republican Parties have
taken opposing positions in their national political platforms, with the debate emerging and re–
emerging in Congress as a significant issue. The Republican are proponents of drilling whereas the
Democrats are opposed. With Sen. Lisa Murkowski ascending to the top post of the Energy and
Natural Resources Committee many observers believe that the Republicans will renew their push for
drilling in the ANWR in the upcoming 114th Congress. This paper will explore the different
arguments that are used to oppose drilling to protect the ANWR followed by arguments that are in
support of drilling. As a result of a preliminary review of current literature outlining the pros and
cons surrounding drilling, it is the thesis of this paper that drilling in the ANWR is unnecessary
based on (1) the potential to cause irreversible damage to a very unique ecosystem that has not been
adequately studied by scientists; and (2) the limited impact that drilling in the region will have on
overall market prices and supplies due to the estimated small size of the ANWR's oil and gas
reserves. A brief history of the

The Importance Of The National Park System
Although sites in the National Park System can sometimes be difficult to categorize due to their
diversity, each site is given a designation that attempts to best capture the nature and uses of site. As
determined by Congress in 1970, all units within the system have equal legal standing. This means
that all sites within the National Park System have equal protection under the law. The National Park
System falls under the purview of the Department of the Interior.
Designations within the National Park System include:
* National Park * National Historical Park * National Recreation Area * National Parkway
* National Monument * National Memorial * National Seashore * National Trail
* National Preserve * National Battlefield * National Lakeshore * Affiliated Areas
* National Historic Site * National Cemetery * National River * Other Designations
Information on the National Park and National Monument designation are detailed in following
pages. For more information on other designations, please visit the National Park Service website
here.
National Parks
In 1872, the first ever national park – Yellowstone (pictured to the right) – was established as a
public good "for the benefit and enjoyment of the people." Yellowstone's founding sparked a
worldwide movement to preserve natural spaces for the enjoyment and enrichment of the public.
Though the concept of a "national park" first originated in the United States, today there over 1,000
parks in over 100 nations around the

The Impact Of Environmental Degradation On Western North...
Environmental degradation has become a social and cultural norm both within and supported by
Westernized North American life, and the average Canadian and American citizen will likely suffer
an estrangement from our natural world. This separation, backed by centuries of social
constructions, has done much more than alienate us from our original physicality: it has enforced a
culturally justified set of values rationalizing and permitting the devastation of wilderness. A cultural
mindset extending centuries into the past is difficult for the individual to identify and even more
challenging for a society to overcome; however, another culture exists, namely that of the North
American indigenous peoples, who have developed and experienced, through a history of living at
peace with the land, what is known as traditional knowledge. This unique relationship to the land
encompasses a truth that colonial and subsequent Western rule both overlooked and stigmatized in
the face of economic and social "progress". While Western North American culture is beginning to
acknowledge and explore the worldview and methods accrued through traditional knowledge and
employ consultation with the indigenous peoples as a vehicle of sustainability, serious damage has
already been committed and could have been lessened had our past entailed an adoption of
Aboriginal worldviews. The benefits of traditional knowledge can particularly be seen through
analysis of Aboriginal relationships to forestry, which

Conservation and Preservation at the Turn of the 19th...
Conservation and Preservation at the Turn of the 19th Century
Missing Works Cited
The environmentalist movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries presents a picture of
America at the time: torn between the desires to expand while seeking to protect nature. Although
all members of the movement sought to protect nature, there were two predominant schools as to
how to go about this. In their two philosophies, they created two methods for human interaction with
the wilderness. The conservationist movement can be called the utilitarian movement, and sought
the greatest good for the greatest number over the longest term. In contrast, the preservationist
school aimed at keeping nature in its current state, although the ... Show more content on
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This networking would serve him later in life, but first he had to receive an education in forestry,
something unavailable in America. Thus he traveled to Germany to study forestry theory in
Germany and England. The time spent in Europe formed the foundation of his beliefs on
conservation and through him those of the conservationist movement.
"Pinchot left Europe with some convictions about forestry. He had learned... that trees are a crop...
Pinchot brought the gospel that forestry was the art of using a forest without destroying it... [He]
preached that through the use of proper methods a forest could be both harvested and preserved."
(McGeary 23) This conviction reveals the underlying theory to all of the conservation movement,
that nature should be viewed in the confines of its economic value. For example, Pinchot's policy
did not allow for the continuation of old growth forests, but demanded that they be cut down and let
new trees to grow back in their place. "He clashed repeatedly during his career with conservationists
who were basically devoted to preserving the trees." (McGeary 87)
To understand where the motivation and passion to protect the environment was developed, one
looks to the rapid deforestation of East Coast old–growth forests at the turn of the century. "As
Gifford Pinchot expressed it, 'The American Colossus was fiercely at work turning natural resources
into money.' 'A

Summary Of Rethinking The Wild By Christopher Solomon Essay
Humanity co–exists with nature in a relationship that periodically shifts between symbiotic and
parasitic. We maintain this relationship in order to survive. In exchange, we carefully monitor how
our behavior alters the natural environment and affects those living within it. This responsibility is
the price we pay for our species' sentience and dominance. To help fulfill our duty, America
established the 1954 Wilderness Act in hopes of becoming passive "guardians" of nature instead of
encroaching "gardeners." However, the Wilderness Act has failed. In his article, "Rethinking the
Wild", Christopher Solomon questions the effectiveness of the law and correctly concludes that,
after fifty years of dormancy, mankind must take an active role in environmental protection, the role
of the gardener. Though critics may argue that the passivity of the "guardian" should be maintained,
realistically, little can be done to preserve the environment when we refuse to do anything. Because
mankind has a greater stake in the wilderness than we realize, we must assume a proactive role in
protecting the wilderness out of respect for nature and our own ethical standards.
Boundaries and Investments
Assume for the sake of our argument that nature holds no intrinsic value. Why, then, is the
wilderness worth protecting? Truthfully, the wilderness can be a valuable indicator of the planet's
overall health, which is not easily gauged in industrialized and populated areas due to human
influence. For

Environmental Policy And Philosophy Of Managing The...
Environmental conservation is the practice of managing the environment. Naturally the environment
is a self–sustaining entity but, due to harmful intervention from man starting largely in the
eighteenth and nineteenth centuries this frail entity has suffered. In response many changes have
been enacted in attempt to preserve the environment. Many progressive conservation policies, clubs,
organizations and parks were formed in attempt to counteract the near permanent destruction to the
environment caused by American urbanization, industrialization, and western expansion. Through
the work of conservationists throughout two conservation movements the environmental mistakes of
the eighteenth and nineteenth century were overcome. The effects their work would shape the
country both politically and socially throughout the twentieth century. Conservation is the policy
and philosophy of managing the environment. Throughout American history, there have been two
major conservation movements. The first conservation movement started in the 1850s and lasted for
nearly seventy years. It began in response to the realization of the inalterable damage done on the
environment and natural resources by the western frontier settlers of the late eighteenth and early
nineteenth centuries. The second conservation movement, known as the environmental movement,
started in the 1960s. With an increased attention on personal improvement, physical fitness, and
wellness, concern for the environment

Lyndon B Johnson Research Paper
Lyndon B. Johnson was born near Stonewall, Texas on August 27th, 1908. Interested in politics
since childhood and born the son of a politician, Johnson did well in highschool and eventually
began a career as a teacher. In November of 1931, Sam Ealy, Johnson's father, recommended
Johnson for a position in the office of US House of Representatives member, Richard Kleberg.
Lyndon acted as his secretary and head of Kleberg's office until his retirement. In September of
1934, Johnson met his soon to be wife, Claudia Alta Taylor. They married 24 hours hours after
meeting and later had two daughters, Lynda Bird and Luci Baines. In 1935, Franklin D. Roosevelt
appointed Johnson head of the state branch of the National Youth Administration. Later on, ... Show
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Johnson made great strides towards improving conditions for those that are impoverished,
conditions for mothers and students, and for the environment, he fell flat regarding national security
and the Vietnam War. Following in the footsteps of what Kennedy sought to accomplish before his
assassination, Johnson quickly authorized a national security memorandum called NSAM 273 after
his inauguration. NSAM 273 directed the United States Government to "to assist the people and
Government of South Vietnam to win their contest against the externally directed and supported
Communist conspiracy." When counterinsurgency failed, Johnson signed OPLAN 34A–64 on
January 16, 1964, calling for stepped up infiltration and covert operations against the North to be
transferred from the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to the military. After reports of attacked U.S.
naval vessels in the Gulf of Tonkin, Johnson asked Congress for a resolution of support. By a vote
of 98 to 2 in the Senate and a unanimous vote in the House, Congress approved the Gulf of Tonkin
Resolution and authorized the President to take all measures necessary to protect the armed

Transcendentalism In The 19th Century
To believe that the eyes constantly deprive the mind of truth is a concept that has yet to be accepted.
The reasoning behind this is even easier to comprehend; simply, our eyes give us sight to understand
and navigate the world around us. However, there are times when sight can be deceived, such cases
include optical illusions. Illusionists utilize slight of hand among many other methods to deceive the
eyes of the viewers. Artists on the other hand use their own eyes to produce a framed work,
occurring in the form of a painting or photograph. "Artists can search out more remote, pictorially
uncharted, regions of the earth to portray or they can refigure the familiar." These productions create
a minor case of illusion that has affected public ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Specifically, his work with the Sierra Club in the mid–twentieth century United States depicted
nature as Edenic and unspoiled. Developing the relationship between the western American
wilderness and Eden itself allowed for a case to be made for the worthiness of preserving these
natural landscapes. Cronin states, "Photographs by Adams, in particular, currently occupy a place
within the realms of both fine art and popular culture, having been frequently reproduced on
greeting cards, decorative posters, and wall calendars."2 Ansel Adams and the Sierra Club believed
that these images were substantial proof to persuade the general public to support conservation
efforts. The ease and ability to produce and reproduce Adam's photographs, which are still in
circulation to this day, greatly impacted the consumption rate for American nature. Photographs are
regarded as being "true" images due to their respectable ability to present still images of reality.
However, as I previously stated, these images are still constructed in the fact that a prior
composition has been chosen, and the natural landscapes have quite possibly been altered as well to
fit popular ideas. The American public, in its vast majority, still regards the photograph to be more
"true" than a painting, and the images produced instilled a lust and wonder for travel. Ansel Adams
effectively aided in the conservation movements as well as

Advertising 's 15 Basic Appeals By Jib Fowles
The Snare in the Advertisements Coming from commercials, newspapers, movies, and magazines,
advertisements are one of the most prominent things that we get bombarded with on a daily basis.
The problem with a lot of people including myself is that we fall victim to the manipulation of the
advertising sharks and their devious tricks. In the article 'Advertising's 15 Basic Appeals' by Jib
Fowles, the author describes how advertisers will use 15 basic emotional appeals in order to get you
to say 'I want and need that!' In National Geographic, a historical, anthropological, discovery–based
magazine, advertisers focus their energy on the middle–aged, middle–class, educated audience, who
want to improve not only their intellectual integrity, but also improve their families lives if the
readers can help it. National Geographic advertisers can do this by appealing to the readers' basic
needs for achievement, nurture, and guidance. National Geographic is generally read by middle–
aged married males, averaging at around 47 years of age, with a high level of education and a high–
end job. Socioeconomically, the readers tend to be in the middle–class bracket, with a household
value of over $200,000 and a good–sized income. The reader's general interests are tied into history,
nature, anthropology, and archeology and they have a strong interest in learning more about the
worlds' new developments and discoveries as well as maintaining educational growth, and they are
definitely scared of

The Threat Of Global Warming
We are paying the consequences from past generation's inability to make the right but hard choices,
in order to protect and preserve our environment. The NRDC website lists the top global warming
symptoms as melting glaciers, rising sea levels, severe weather patterns, the human health, and
wildlife. (Consequences of Global Warming). Drilling in ANWR would cause horrifying situations
for the wildlife ecosystem and inescapable affects on life in America and around the world, as we
know it. In the National Wildlife Refuge Association's annual report and recommendations to the US
Congress, they revealed the astounding fact that, "The Artic Refuge is the only conservation system
unit that protects, in an undisturbed condition, a complete ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
8). The wildlife and undisrupted wilderness is interwoven in their culture, daily lives, and sense of
themselves (Inkley, Kolton, p. 8). Sarah James, a member of the Neets'all Gwich'in, Artic Village
Gwich'in Steering committee, emphasized this connection, stating, "We are the Caribou
People...Caribou are not just what we eat; they are who we are. They are in our stories and songs
and the whole way we see the world. Caribou are our life. Without caribou we wouldn't exist"
(Inkley, Kolton, p. 8). As oil drilling in ANWR would inevitably disrupt and threaten the safety and
existence of the caribou, it would disrupt and threaten the safety and, as Sarah emphasizes in her last
statement, herself and her villages' existence. The abundance of wildlife within the diverse ANWR
ecosystem is the beating heart of our natural global environment, with an immeasurable amount of
importance with regards to our environments interconnectivity. With over 8 marine mammal species
and 42 species of fish, the robust ANWR ecosystem provides the uninterrupted conservation and
preservation required for these species spawning rituals, in order to maintain the fish population
necessary for our mass fishing industry, that we have become so accustomed to in the lower 48
(Inkley, Kolton, p. 8). An enormous portion of the fish we consume is Alaskan salmon; whose
spawning ground environment ANWR oil

Why Was Ansel Adams Important In Protecting The Environment
Preservation for other open places and spaces worthy of protection continued in the early 20th
century. Herbert Gleason, Ansel Adams, and other photographers were hired by the government to
assess and photograph potential places for inclusion in the national park system as part of the back–
to–nature movement to preserve wilderness and conservation of natural resources (see Cahn &
Ketchum, 1981; Dilsaver & Tweed, 2009; Nicholas, Bapis, & Harvey, 2003). In the years leading up
to World War I, the national parks also were used as part of propaganda to build patriotism.
"Government officials placed articles about the national parks in leading magazines, including the
National Geographic and the Saturday Evening Post. They published and distributed ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Indeed other photographers are important for their photographs of land and nature. Notably, Adams
is the most prolific contributor and documenter of the land, at least, that is, in America. It is, after
all, Ansel Adams's studio, home and legacy. Although Adams did focus on critically exposing social
problems in society and remedy them, he was influential in shaping conservation legislation for
open places and spaces in America. While the 1950s was not a time to "go green," Adams
understood then, just as photographers do now words are not enough. The public needs to see the
beauty in the natural world and the impact our actions have on others and Earth's natural resources.
The significance of Adams's work is as indisputable then as it is now and his contributions continue
to shape society's view of the land, nature, and our place in it. Adams' photography is celebrated for
encouraging the public to appreciate and protect America's natural resources and wilderness areas.
He championed the places he photographed and was a leading advocate for the U.S. National Parks.
In retrospect, Adams was the father of conservation photography later honored by the Sierra Club
instituting the Ansel Adams Conservation Photography Award in his

Ethical Issues In The Land Ethic By Aldo Leopold
Analysis of ethical issue In his 1949 publication titled, "The Land Ethic", Aldo Leopold argued that
the land ethic expanded the boundaries of the community to also include water, soils, plant and
animals. In the process, the land ethic shifts the position of Homo sapiens from being a conqueror to
being a citizen of the land community. The relationship that people develop with land in utilizing the
Yellowstone National Park would raise concern in the context of Leopold's view regarding the link
between land and people (Leopold). The management of pack usage and preference often raise
ethical concerns. When confronted with choices between preservation and recreation, recreation has
often been considered. Extermination of wolves would seem logical

Essay On Wilderness Protection
Wilderness Protection is crucial to our environment, without it we would not have clean air to
breathe or clean water to drink. In 1962 President Lyndon B. Johnson passed the Congressional
Wilderness Act to help keep wildlife and its environmental areas protected. This act is the greatest
form of protection. The Wilderness Act is recognized as the value of saving "an area where the earth
and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not
remain." There are many reasons why this act is so important and many reasons why these lands are
being protected. Only five percent of the United States is Protected (Boyes). The five percent of the
United States is the only untouched nature that we have left. There is no pollution in the air, no
drilling and mining for resources, or vehicle use. Unbothered areas and ecosystems in wilderness
areas produce clean water for thousands of communities. According to the U.S. Forest Service,
national forests and grasslands provide drinking water to nearly 60 million Americans (5 Reasons to
Protect Wilderness). The wilderness produces fresh water to drink and cleans air to breath.
Watersheds provide clean drinking water that has not been disturbed. The act protects the
environment form any pollution so it produces clean air. It is also protected from industrial
development, road building, off road vehicle use, gas and oil drilling, mining, and logging. A
wilderness area like any other on earth does not

Pros And Cons Of John Muir
John Muir is best known for his efforts to preserve the wilderness of the United States, which
greatly contributed to the preservation of countless natural areas of the US through the National
Parks Service. During his travels across the country and abroad, Muir recorded his thoughts and
beliefs about nature and the fundamental connection people share with the earth. By voyaging into
the wild and shedding the restraints and ideals of modern society, Muir argues that people can
expand their understanding of the world and experience life to its full potential through immersing
themselves in nature. First and foremost a researcher of the environment, Muir believed that by
spending time in nature, he could more deeply understand the earth and all of the knowledge it has
to offer. During one of his numerous expeditions in the Yosemite Valley in 1869, Muir remarks that
"...these lawless wanderings will be valuable as suggestive beginnings... if I should return to the
awkward rules & laws of civilization & be buried as a strand into the thick of society." He knows
that if he returns to civilization, his excursions will be no more than beginnings of research that will
serve no real purpose. He further comments that, "These sweet free roamings be as little chinks &
seams on life's horizon whence I may obtain narrow glimpses of the treasures of the Kingdoms of
Nature beyond." Just as the horizon blocks out sunlight, Muir argues that civilization blocks out the
opportunity to discover

America Needs To Preserve Natural Resources
Natural Resource Conservation In 1964, at the signing of the final Wilderness Act, President Lyndon
B. Johnson said, "If future generations are to remember us with gratitude rather than contempt, we
must leave them something more than the miracles of technology" (Famous Quotes). The
Wilderness Act started with Theodore Roosevelt in 1901, who conserved 230 million acres of public
land. The Act created the National Wilderness Preservation System (NWPS), which protects
wilderness areas designated for preservation in their natural condition. Even though well planned
programs of preservation could cease the usage of nonrenewable natural resources, the conservation
of the wilderness and natural resources through laws and National/State Parks is the best approach
to saving the land. Since 1964, the NWPS believe that preservation, not conservation, is the best
approach to saving natural resources. According to David Newton, a specialist in life sciences, if the
government prevent the "cutting, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pipelines, similar to the Keystone Pipeline, stretch for miles under the earth's surface. Oil is toxic to
living things and if leaked, can destroy crops and like the oil spill off the Gulf of Mexico in 2010,
contaminate fresh water springs, causing life forms to either get sick or die. If the government had a
better handle over the entirety of its land, the country would become a considerably better place to
live. The debate over preservation and conservation of the natural resources has been going on for
almost a hundred years, with little conclusion. The government of the United States, along with
advocates from each state, need to reach a consensus to provide methods of conservation to the
country that prevents wasteful usage of nonrenewable and natural resources and leaves wilderness
for later generations to

Persuasive Essay On National Park Service
The National Park Service of the United States of America was established by congress on August
25th, 1916 "to provide for the enjoyment of same in such manner and by such means as will leave
them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations" (Abbey, 55). Since then, the National
Parks Service has done all it can to deface, commercialize and dishearten our most precious resource
of the spirt; wilderness. Men like Ansel Adams and John Muir preached to congress encouraging
them to leave these lands "unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations" but over a short
period of time an emphasis on accessibility and services has taken away the unspoiled beauty,
leaving it forever tarnished by the engineering of man. We as citizens must reclaim our sacred wild
places and in the name of preservation declare their protection from cultural progress. Look at any
National Park and you'll see the destruction. Take Yellowstone; within four–hundred yards of the
Old Faithful Geyser you will find three inns (one of which has 327 rooms), a ranger's station, a
medical clinic, three restaurants, a post office, three gift shops, two grocery stores, two gas stations,
a fire station, a visitor's center, a movie theater, a large parking lot and four dorms (to house the
villages workers). This village isn't just near Old Faithful, it's been built around it, choking the life
out of the spectacle. Consider the experience had by the first white men (or any of the native
cultures who were aware

The Mountains Are Calling By John Muir Essay
The Mountains are Calling
Scottish born "John of the Mountains" impacted the way National Parks are viewed today. As a wee
lad, John Muir had a keen fixation on his natural surroundings. Conversely, his father Daniel was
vehemently opposed to any contact with the world outside of their garden. Ironically, the family's
abrupt move to America would set the stage for his son John to blossom into the renowned naturalist
he is remembered as today. While attending college in Wisconsin, John was exposed to
Transcendentalism, which introduced him to the ideas and works of Ralph Waldo Emerson.
Transcendentalism served as a salve for the harsh and strict fundamentalism espoused by his father's
Puritanical ideology. Subsequently, Muir would delve more deeply into Transcendentalism than any
other adherent. John Muir's experiential, naturalistic practices elevated transcendental ideals which
are depicted throughout his conservational ventures and prose. The backbone of transcendentalism
promotes the notion that all works of creation are only a fragment of a larger reality, or in the words
of Emerson, Over–soul. This idea brought about some of the most insightful philosophers in
American history, and is also the concept that drew the attention of a very eager John Muir.
Transcendentalism was a very attractive set of ideals for the young and receptive John Muir, a set of
ideals that he unwittingly developed during his youth regarding his profound fascination with the
natural world.

The Extinction Of Howard Zahniser Of The Wilderness Society
Wildlife extinction has always been a problem due to natural reasons, but Americans have greatly
lessened the biodiversity through habitat destruction, the use of pesticides and hunting. One example
of an animal that almost went extinct was the bison due to over exploitation by hunters and the
growth of towns as the American population grew. Americans began to notice the lessening of
species and realized they had to take a stand before it was too late. In 1901, Theodore Roosevelt was
elected as president, which completely shifted the perspective of Americans concerning wildlife
conservation. Roosevelt tripled the size of protected forests and creative a wildlife refuge to protect
the fauna in America. In 1908, he made a convincing speech ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This 1973 act reenforced the past laws by allocating land that would be conserved for wildlife and
fish. This law required that a list be published of the endangered species, so that people would know
the animals are off limits. Representatives from eighty nations gathered together in Washington,
D.C. to sign this treaty, that prohibited international trade of endangered species. While signing the
act, President Richard Nixon declared, "Nothing is more priceless and more worthy of preservation
than the rich array of animal life with which our country has been blessed" (Bradford, page 1). This
was a humongous step in the preservation of wildlife and the fate of the wilderness is constantly
improving, because people are prevented from killing endangered species due to this law. Data on
the effects of the Endangered Species Act shows that every species that has been put on the list of
endangered animals is still around today, so obviously this law has had an incredible impact on the
wildlife in

Radical Environmentalism And Wilderness Preservation Guha...
Deep Ecology and its Relation to the Third World
This paper will begin with an exposition of the article, "Radical Environmentalism and Wilderness
Preservation: A Third World Critique" written by Ramachendra Guha, a sociologist and historian
involved in ecological conflict in the East and the West. In this article, he refers to American
environmentalism as "deep ecology", a modern theory founded by Arne Naess. Guha's argues that
based on a comparison of the concepts of deep ecology and other cultural environmentalisms, deep
ecology is strictly rooted in American culture and thus, leads to negative social consequences when
it is applied to the Third World. This argument will be achieved by first defining deep ecology and
its principles. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This type of exposure to wilderness is merely an extension of the many desires that are inherent in
the American culture to which society is dependent. In other words, wilderness has become part of
the consumer society, the same society that deep ecology claims to aim to reconceive. Guha refers to
this as a consequence of economic and political dominance. This dominance leads to wilderness
being a manifestation of American nationalism. Admittedly, the American national park system is
one of America's defining characteristics. Hence, Guha states that Western civilization is the ideal
medium for both wilderness and civilization to live in conjunction yet this medium dismisses its
economical and social consequences.
In contrast, Guha compares deep ecology to the German environmental movement known as the
Green program. He states that the Green has realised that the American economy has a direct
negative effect on the Third World. This is due to the industrialization, militarization and the
American history of subordination beginning with colonization. This has lead to a distorted
distribution of resources in the world and as a result has increased the lower class population. The
Green responds to this issue with the theory of a "no growth economy" through a re–evaluation of
the consumerist ethic concerning self–limitation.

How To Write An Essay On National Parks Protection
Our Countries Protector: The National Parks Service National parks are places that are considered
historically significant, or unique enough to be protected by the federal government. These parks are
designated as a protected area for animals, and people are able to visit and enjoy these serene places.
National parks include places like: Yellowstone, Yosemite, the Everglades, the Grand Canyon, and
the Sequoia's. These places are contain very diverse and unique ecosystems that are thriving due to
their protection. People are able to see what the untouched wilderness is like in an age of expanding
urbanization. These places could be decimated and built upon if were not for the government's
protection and funding. The National Park Service ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This seems great however the money required for maintenance of the parks simply is not there. "The
park service said it delayed an estimated $11.5 billion worth of needed maintenance projects last
year due to funding shortages Craig Obey, senior vice president for government affairs with the
National Parks Conservation Association, said Congress needs to take "immediate and substantive
action" to prevent further maintenance delays. "Failing to provide for the system's basic
maintenance needs has eroded our most treasured landscapes and historical sites," Obey said in a
statement on Monday. "Next year's centennial of the National Park System is the perfect opportunity
for Congress to renew its commitment to protecting America's most special

The Omnivore's Dilemma Analysis
When Americans think of nature images of the wild west, wide open plains, and majestic landscapes
spring forth. Nature is part of the American heritage; a site of beauty set aside for preservation
outside the industrial cities that encompasses daily life. Because of this segregation between nature
and man, it is easy to forget that everything on the planet is nature, not simply the parks set aside for
preservation and egos. Throughout American history, dating as far back as the indigenous people,
this connection between man and the natural world has been prevalent. By examining the the
conservationist movement of the twentieth century and the impact Americans have had on the
environment, there is a chance to close the chasm that now exists ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
But there are blinders on every American as to what nature actually provides to the modern man.
The supermarket, for instance, has become the bounty in which one simply has to hop into the car
and drive in order to obtain a sustainable meal for the family. There was no time intensive labor in
planting or harvesting vegetables or butchering an animal. It is all neatly packaged and ready for
preparation and consumption. Michael Pollan expresses the loss between Americans and food in his
novel The Omnivore's Dilemma. He suggests that "there exists a fundamental tension between the
logic of nature and the logic of human industry, at least as it is presently organized," which has
developed a disconnect between Americans and food (Pollan, 9). This disconnect is the lack of
understanding nature. "We eat by the grace of nature, not industry," Pollan claims, "and what we're
eating is never anything more or less than the body of the world" (Pollan, 411). We consume food
without considering it as part of nature. While nature is inside of us, we continue to view it as a part
from us. The sad injustice to nature is that man has forgotten the biotic connection between the
natural world and humanity. Whether protecting nature is a spiritual experience or simply a means
for survival, nature is as much a part of human life as the human themselves. The separation created
by modern environmentalism between human and non–human entities can only be reunited if people
learn to view life as a part of nature. The scary part about that thought, however, is will that be
enough now? Only time can

John Muir vs. Gifford Pinchot
Have you ever heard of John Muir and Gifford Pinchot? These two men expressed different beliefs
over preservation and conservation. John Muir was America's most famous conservationist. While
Gifford Pinchot was one of America's leading preservationist. Both of these men spent most of their
lifetime defending the natural resources and the wildlife around the world. John Muir is one of
California's most important historical personalities. Born in Scotland, he has been called "The Father
of our National Parks," "Wilderness Profit," and "Citizen of the Universe." As a wilderness explorer,
his exciting adventures in the Sierra Nevada and Alaska's glaciers led him searching for nature's
beauty. Gifford Pinchot was born to a wealthy family on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Roosevelt's successor, President Taft, did not really care for government ownership of land. This is
what divided Roosevelt and Taft and led to the creation of the Progressive Party. Pinchot ran for the
United States Senate but did not win. He then changed from national to State politics. His goal was
governorship. This is where he believed he would have the greatest opportunity

Importance Of Wilderness Areas : Wilderness Area
Importance of Wilderness Areas
Wilderness areas are a very important to future generations. WThe wilderness is designed to protect
and preserve scenic lands. Without protected wilderness areas, animals that are native to the area
will not have a habitat; future generations won't have clean air to breathe, fresh water to drink, or
natural areas to enjoy or escape to. Therefore, it is important that citizens today work to protect and
preserve the wilderness areas that do exist.
Why should we protect these lands? The Wilderness lands are very important to our wildlife.
Wilderness areas are their home. Without protecting certain lands humans will invade and take over
and build on the land and it will run the wildlife out. These lands do more ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This wilderness area was designated to protect the habitat for the scarce bull trout. In the lower one–
half mile of the Bruneau River wilderness is also for the Bruneau hot springsnail which is
endangered. Maybe let the readers know that the Bruneau River has world classes whitewater
opportunities. How many arces?
Little Jacks Creek Wilderness Area: Little Jacks Wilderness area is popular for hiking, fishing,
backpacking and nature observation. Little jacks receives the most visitation because it is so close to
Boise and the surrounding areas. Little Jacks is composed of 50,930 acres. Little Jacks includes
1,000–foot canyons that tower over the creeks that lie beneath. This wilderness area offers great
solitude. Little jacks is full of wildlife which is great for hunting and fishing. Mule deer are
prevalent in this area as well as the mountain quail and greater sage grouse.
You may want to mention something about the 3 other Wilderness Areas in Owyhee County.
Northfork, Pole Creek and Owyhee River Wilderness Areas. What are these places know for?
All of these areas offer so many different opportunities, from different levels of rafting to big game
hunting and fishing. Each area provides something different, from the landscape to the different
species of plants and animals.
Wilderness by law. The United States was the first country in the world to appoint wilderness by
law. Other countries around the world have started to protect

Oil Drilling in the Artic National Wildlife Refuge Essay
Oil Drilling in the Artic National Wildlife Refuge
The main issue presented in my research involves the debate between environmentalists and the
United States government on whether to open and develop a portion of the Artic National Wildlife
Refuge (ANWR) in the northern coastal plain of Alaska for the purpose of drilling for oil.
Environmentalists argue that opening up this region of ANWR to future oil drilling would destroy
the current ecosystems, disrupt animal habitats and adversely change the lives of the people in these
local communities. Proponents of oil drilling in this region argue that all the issues presented by the
environmentalist groups are not valid and they have no scientific facts to support their argument. ...
These areas of concern to environmentalist include: (1) The protection of the Porcupine caribou
herd, polar bears, musk oxen, grizzly bears and many other forms of diverse wildlife that could be
adversely affected by the oil exploration. (2) Preservation of the land itself and the local
communities culture that has supported a thousand generations of native Alaskans. (3) That there is
only enough oil in this region to supply America's needs for six months. The environmentalist and
the proponents for oil drilling continue to pursue their arguments, each one deciding that their
argument is more popular to the American people. INTRODUCTION
The history of the Artic National Wildlife Refuge can be traced back to 1960. On December 6th, the
Eisenhower administration signed Public Land order No. 2214 which established the 8.9 million
acre Artic National Wildlife range. In 1980, Congress passed and Jimmy Carter signed the landmark
Alaska National Interest Lands Conservative Act (ANILCA) that increased the protected area to
19.8 million acres, renamed the area to Artic National Wildlife Refuge, and established the original
8.6 million acres as wilderness. However, in the process of getting this act passed, the oil industry
lobby succeeded in having the Senate refuge to designate the Coastal Plain as Wilderness. Section
1002 of the ANILCA legislation informed the

Theodore Roosevelt Research Paper
America's best president was Theodore Roosevelt.
He fought against oversized business as the "trust buster." He fought for peace in the Russo–
Japanese War and earned a Nobel Prize for it. He fought for government to expand its role outside of
its traditional limits.
But, in all honesty, these are things I looked up before writing this column. The true grounding for
my fervent support of Theodore Roosevelt is centered around his dedication to national parks.
Roosevelt saw the wilderness as a place that grows character, valor and vigor – a place worthy of
preservation for future generations. Future generations like me. And because of this, most of my
childhood was spent at national parks.
I still remember my brother and me, both no more than 12 years old, sitting in the trunk of a rental
van with the hatch open, watching the vast landscape of the Badlands of South Dakota flying away
from us. When the car stopped, we would go track down the prairie dogs that scurried beyond sight.
When we ran, we carried pen and paper in hand to identify any of the native plant species that we
could see. Once we filled these ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is also the one that tourists like me have visited since its establishment as a national park in 1978.
The Badlands belong to a greater National Park Foundation that will be turning 100 years old on
August 25, 2016. Because of this, there are a plethora of centennial events celebrating America's
strong history in park service.
Yet even with this large of a celebration occurring on our home soil, there will still be students that
spend spring break in the Bahamas, a summer in France or a semester in Peru. These are all, of
course, great and necessary experiences for building an understanding of the world as a global
citizen. But I also extend the challenge to be an American citizen as

Ideals And Controversies Of National Park Expansion
Ideals and Controversies of National Park Expansion Since the early 1920s to the 1970s, there has
been a debate regarding the perceptions and standards by which national parks should be established
and limiting the expansion of national parks, limiting access for people living in urban areas and
threatening open spaces due to urban sprawl and over population. Gradually traditional perceptions
gave way to the preservationists' viewpoints which redefined and gradually expanded federal
definition of national parks. This was to include areas that may not be extraordinarily scenic but still
required environmental protection or allowed recreational access for urban citizens, allowing for
expansion and more funding. In 1872, Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming became the first
national park to be established by Congress and President Grant with the signing of the Act of
Dedication Law. "It followed that any national park established subsequently would be measured
against Yellowstone's significance in American culture." (Runte, 2010, p. 190) This is based on its
impressive geological features, and majestic and monumental scenery. By the early 1900s, there was
controversy surrounding the criteria as to what would define a national park, as President Roosevelt
had signed in several tracts of lands as national parks that did not hold scenic value, where not
especially expansive tracts of land, and one was utilized as a gaming preserve by a governmental
branch. One proponent to the

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