John Locke, Baron De Montesquieu, Mary Wollstonecraft

John Locke, Baron De Montesquieu, Mary Wollstonecraft
My essay is about John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, Jean J. Rousseau, Mary Wollstonecraft. One
idea they all had was for people to be equal with each other or with the government. John Locke
wanted was for the government to protect people's natural right and not to separate men and women
because the one quote states that "creatures of the same species and rank... should also be equal one
amongst another with another without subordination or subjection" and that meant that everyone
bearing the same, so that means that they all should be treated equally and that they shouldn't be
separated because if we all were born the same way, why be separated now and that's related to
natural rights because we're all people the government should protect
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Enlightenment Influences on American Ideals Essay
By the late eighteenth century, the Enlightenment, or the Age of Reason as it was called had begun
to rapidly spread across Europe. People began believing in the ideals of popular government, the
centrality of economics to politics, secularism, and progress. This cultural movement was sparked
by intellectuals and commonwealth thinkers such as the influential writer John Locke and the
famous scientist Isaac Newton, both who emphasized the fact that man, by the use of reason, would
be able to solve all of his problems–whether it be problems with the government, morals or the
society. However, these ideals weren't just limited to the European nations where they had first
begun. On the other side of the world, off in the United States, ... Show more content on
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His philosophy inspired Americans to break away from the normal European institutions that they
were used to and lay a fresh foundation that would prove to be beneficial in the long run.
This fresh, new foundation came in the form a document that outlined the way the government
would work. Unlike the way Europe was governed before the Enlightenment period, Americans,
since they had recently liberated themselves from the British throne, wanted to establish a
government in such a way that would prevent tyrannical monarchy. By this time, they still were
faced with the challenge of a republican self government. But again, we see the influence of Locke's
ideas from his Treatise, where he proposed that people had the right to establish their own
government for their own protection of their natural rights. As a result of this idea, the preamble to
the Constitution was created. This section provided analysis as to what the whole Constitution was
about; improvement on the current government (to ensure that they are just) and protection for its
citizens.
Around the same time, Americans were also influenced by the works of Charles, the Baron de
Montesquieu, a French political thinker. He believed that there were three types of governments; a
monarchy (ruled by a king or queen), a republic (ruled by an elected leader) and a despotism (ruled
by a dictator). In his book, The Spirit of Laws ,

Baron De Montesquieu And The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Reason was a logical movement that took place in
Europe during the time of the seventeenth and eighteenth century. Baron de Montesquieu was a
French philosopher who lived through the time of the Enlightenment. Before Montesquieu, Louis
XIV was the king of France. During the long reign of Louis XIV, he attempted to make France an
absolute monarch. Though Louis XIV was a good ruler, he was also unsuccessful in some things
that could change France. Baron de Montesquieu had a great impact on making France an absolute
monarch after Louis XIV. Before Montesquieu could have any impact on France, there has to be an
understanding of what occurred to both himself and his country that could help show why
Montesquieu did anything to France. Montesquieu lived from January 18th, 1689 in Bordeaux,
France until February 10th,1755 in Paris, France when he died as he was becoming blind.
Montesquieu was born into a noble class in January of 1689 in Bordeaux, France where he was
raised by his father in the castle of La Brede. While Montesquieu was spending his early years in the
castle, the king, Louis XIV was in total power. Being born into a noble class, Montesquieu's father,
Jacques de Secondat was a soldier with a long ancestry of noble class life. The mother of
Montesquieu, wasn't in Montesquieu's life for a long time. It says "and his mother, Marie Françoise
de Pesnel, who died when Montesquieu was seven, was an heiress who eventually brought

Analysis Of John Locke And Baron De Montesquieu 's ' The...
Noor Momi RJ WH 10 H December, 8, 2014 Take Home Essay: Enlightenment Outline Intro
Preamble: Bridge to D.I.: Bridge to Jefferson's influences: Enlightenment Thinkers: Thesis:
Enlightenment thinkers John Locke and Baron de Montesquieu would highly agree with the
preamble to the Declaration of the Independence, while Thomas Hobbes would strongly oppose the
preamble due to his general lack of belief in humanity. Body Paragraph One TS: John Locke, often
referred to as one of the most influential philosophical and political thinkers of the seventeenth
century due to his works about the natural human state and birthrights, would highly agree with the
preamble due to his ideas actually being incorporated in it. Background Info: Locke was born in
1632 to a wealthy Puritan family and was highly involved in politics during the Glorious
Restoration. His witnessing of the effective overthrowing of the government in order to place better
suited rulers in power greatly influenced his perspective on government (RJ Lecture). CD: In his
Second Treatise on Government, published in 1689, Locke discusses the natural human state as free,
unregulated, and that "no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions".
(BOOK) CM: The striking similarity to Jefferson's claim to "certain unalienable Rights... [of] Life,
Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness" is blatantly obvious; the parallels in these two pieces that
guarantee these irrevocable rights are almost word for

Characteristics Of The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment refers to an intellectual movement, which started in England and gain
momentum in France in the 17th and 18th century. Ideals of this cultural movement eventually
influenced the rest of the world. The enlightenment focused on key principles such as equality,
liberty and the right to life; many ideals that modern governments centered on today. The
Enlightenment, adopted several types' philosophies about how we think and understand what's going
on around us rejecting ideals of faith alone, and embracing reasoning and rationalism. In this
assignment we were asked to choose from four political documents that are heavily influenced by
characteristics of the Enlightenment era: Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, US
Constitution and Bill of Rights, Haiti Constitutions (1801), and Haiti Constitution (1805); although,
all of these documents have their own flaws due to views of the period, I feel as though The
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen embodied more sentiments of the period.
Consisting of 17 articles, The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, was strongly
influenced by the theories of the social contract and individualism expressed by Jean–Jacques
Rousseau as well as the separation of powers theory discussed by Baron de Montesquieu. I also
chose The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, because this document inspired the
making of other politic documents gobally.
Social contract is defined as the

Similarities Between Benjamin Franklin And Baron De...
The Enlightenment was a philosophical movement that took place in mainly Europe, and mainly in
North America during the late 17th century and early 18th century. In my opinion, Benjamin
Franklin, Baron de Montesquieu, and John Locke were the most important philosophers.
The first philosopher was Benjamin Franklin. He was a American thinker, a diplomat, and inventor
he traveled frequently between the American colonies and Europe during the Enlightenment. Ben
Franklin's travels made a exchange of ideas between Europe and the colonies, which were unhappy
with England's monarchical rule over them. Ben applied influence on the new government's
formation in the United States. The second philosopher was Baron de Montesquieu he was the main
political

Cosmopolit Not The Drink
Cosmopolitan... Not the Drink! The word cosmopolitanism, derived from Greek, means that humans
are part of a global civilization. "Cosmos" signifies the earth, and "polis" means city or state. The
Enlightenment philosophers Emmanuel Kant and Baron de Montesquieu interpreted the idea slightly
differently but fundamentally agreed that it entails the communication and exchange of varied
cultures, especially through commerce. Cosmopolitism is not to be confused with legal pluralism,
discussed by Lauren Benton and Lisa Ford, which is the continuation of numerous, somewhat
independent legal structures inside one region existing simultaneously. Though they seem similar at
first glance, legal pluralism has been proven to be a failure, while ... Show more content on
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These two drastically different societal groups are still accountable to the same rules. Anthony
Anghie, a professor at the University of Utah, wrote in his book, Imperialism, Sovereignty and the
Making of International Law, "the universal system of divine law administered by the Pope is
replaced by the universal natural law system of jus gentium whose rules may be ascertained by the
use of reason" (Anghie, 325). Reason is a human characteristic, so everyone, from natives of South
America to religious Spanish Catholics can understand the universal laws. Because all people use
their reason to determine universal laws, all cultures share certain values. Grotius, a believer in
universal law, argued that God, "wished human friendships to be engendered by mutual needs and
resources" (Grotius, 1). The needs of humanity cannot be met in just one geographical location, so
global trading is required. The interaction of these different cultures, by means of commerce, results
in the creation of the cosmopolitan. One society may be able to harvest a certain product better than
another, so mutual respect and principles for all of humanity are required. Without it, humanity will
not have access to all of the creations of the world, and economic activity and trade would be
substantially diminished. Kant wrote in his work, "Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch," that he
believed peace was achieved through commerce. Commerce globalizes and interconnects

Baron De Montesquieu : Corruption
David Godinez Philosophy 1102–021
Corruption
What is corruption? Webster Dictionary says it is dishonest or illegal behavior especially by
powerful people (such as government officials or police officers) generally for personal gain.
Corruption has expanded more than ever in today's age with the development of the internet, and
weak company systems and avaricious businessman. It is not only performed by just government
officials but also the CEO, CFO of a company, a team leader in a workplace, the administrators of
schools or hospitals, or even family members taking advantage of unfamiliar or uncapable members
of their family. Corruption has been apart of mankind for the longest amount of time, going back to
ancient 17th century France. Baron de Montesquieu said it best "The corruption of every
government begins nearly always with that of principles". As his full name Charles–Louis de
Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu, was born on January 19th, 1689 at La Brède
France. Baron de Montesquieu was one of the great political philosophers of the Enlightenment
period, and brought forward many great ideas and thoughts about separation of powers to avoid
corruption in governments. One of his great major works was called The spirit of the Laws where he
argued that government Systems would work best if multiple separate branches exercised
legislative, executive, and judicial power and all those groups would follow a common practice of
law. Montesquieu's view on

What was Montesquieu?s aim in writing The Spirit of the...
'I ask a favour that I fear will not be granted; it is that one not judge by a moment's reading the work
of twenty years, that one approve or condemn the book as a whole and not some few sentences. If
one wants to seek the design of the author, one can find it only in the design of the work.'
(Montesquieu 1989: preface) The Spirit of the Laws took Montesquieu twenty years to write and
was first published in Geneva in 1748. It was distributed freely, without the hindrance of censorship
and deemed and instant success, despite negative feedback from friends to whom the manuscript
was shown. After two years and twenty–two impressions made across Europe many critics arose of
his work, however this merely added to the fame of the author. ... Show more content on
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Despite the nature of the subject however, the book displays a more positive tone than his previous
two books, Shklar suggests that this is the case as 'Reason and knowledge could, after all, do a great
deal to prevent corruption and injustice, and even to control the natural obstacles to human well–
being.' (Shklar 1987: 68). Montesquieu's The Persian Letters explored the desolation of despotism
however we are now presented with credible alternatives. (Cranston 1986: 22). Romans can be seen
as a prototype to The Spirit of the Laws however we hear more of a dynamic republic than a corrupt
empire. No longer does Montesquieu engage in a story of desolation and decline, one aim therefore
is to show can be done to lessen political callousness and avert public disaster. The change of tone
from his previous works can be accounted for via his radicalisation in other words his orientation of
favouring revolutionary change in government and society, which probably was influenced by his
intellectual circle from the Encyclopédie and by his trip to England. One example of the influence of
England is his attitude to torture which he suggests in The Spirit of the Laws is a catalyst for fear in
society (Montesquieu 1989: 92). His arguments against despotism suggest that fear is not
necessarily beneficial for the well being of society, therefore not implementing torture like the
civilised Monarchies such as England is a logical procedure. (Cranston 1986:

The Influence Of Philosophical Thinking During The...
The Enlightenment was a wide–spread movement in philosophical thinking within Europe
throughout the 1700s. Prior to the Enlightenment, the Scientific Revolution in the 15 and 1600s set
up the basis of secular and introspective thinking that is characteristic to the enlightenment. During
the age of Enlightenment, many philosophers began to question the power and goals of the
government as well as the powers and rights of the people. These philosophers came together just as
scientific thinkers had come together during the Scientific Revolution in order to discuss and build
on each others ideas in the search of perfection. Critical thinking changed during the enlightenment
in several ways: first, political thought became less secular and sought to find the actual purpose of a
government; next, philosophes attempted to determine what rights were given to governments and to
people; and finally, during this time ideas on toleration and the rights of individuals were expanded
greatly. In medieval times, most European civilians followed laws based on the church. Their
compliance of the law was based on fear of governmental and religious punishments. Throughout
the Renaissance, the Scientific Revolution, and the eventual Enlightenment, people's views on
government began to become more secular. Many people began to view their leaders as less of a tool
to punish them for sin and tried to determine the actual purpose of their government. In his Second
Treatise on Government, John

Virtue And Justice In The Persian Letters By Montesquieu
The Persian Letters by Montesquieu describe the travels to France done by Persian noblemen,
Uzbec and Rica, in search of wisdom. The letters that they write back to their home in Persia,
discuss the European way of life in comparison to their own culture. Montesquieu uses the two
travelers disorienting view of European culture as a way to criticize aspects of his own nation at the
time. A major conflict in the book is how Uzbec's strong admiration for virtue and justice can be
hypocritical and lead to destructive outcomes. Uzbec's virtue and justice is shown to be hypocritical
through his actions. He goes on a trip to hide from his problems leaving his wives behind and
forcing them to stay virtuous to him. He constantly refers to their virtue ... Show more content on
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Uzbec is assured of his youngest wife Roxane's virtue, "I cannot, Roxane, doubt that you love me"
(Montesquieu 1973, 35). Yet it turns out that she is the instigator of the unrest back at home. She is
the one who betrayed Uzbec. The wife whose virtue he believed in the most is the one who had
deceived him from the beginning. "Yes, I have deceived you; I have bribed your eunuchs, I have
played upon your jealousy, and I have managed to make of your dreadful seraglio an abode of
delights and pleasures" (Montesquieu 1973, 212). This declaration showed a glimpse into the true
feelings of Roxane. Roxane in the end commits suicide in the last chapter and writes her last letter to
Uzbec, "And you, who seem born only to deny all your senses and to resent your very desires,
eternal victims of modesty and decorum, why cannot I have you brought in great numbers to this
unhappy seraglio, so that I may witness your terror at all the blood I am about to spill here!"
(Montesquieu 1973, 225) In her last letter, she explains her reason in committing suicide is to spite
Uzbec. That was a devastating event to happen and yet Uzbec was too far away to do anything about
it, virtue was not able to save his wives. It only brought them pain and

Montesquieu's Contributions to the Enlightenment
Many people living in The United States like to think that our founding fathers thought of the basic
construction of our whole government system. They really did not; Charles–Louis Secondat, baron
de Montesquieu thought of the system of checks and balances plus the three branches of
government. The whole framework of our Constitution is based on what Montesquieu thought of
during the enlightenment period. The purpose of the three branches is to make it where no one
person or group of people is greater than the rest. Montesquieu wanted to make a government where
the people had a say in what happened and there wasn't a single person in charge. The system of
checks and balances was to reinforce what he was trying to do. Making it where one ... Show more
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While doing this he published his book Spirit of the Laws trying to explore how different legal
systems worked. Although he was inclined to think humans were exactly the same everywhere he
looked, he knew as a local judicial body that people all over the world are very different. He was
painfully aware of the huge variation in local customs and laws. Although he knew people were
different depending on where there culture and background was from; he knew that every body's
mind could reason. From average republican arguments that laws had to fit to the standards attached
to the kind of government for the people; Montesquieu had to add three arguments.
Firstly he said that the laws and customs of a country will depend upon the more demanding mode
of the country. He felt that trade promoted country reliance's and increased tolerance of different
cultures overall promoting peace. Promoting trade meant promoting the differences in the world to
come together. Although with some countries he thought it might promote competition rather than
coöperation and acceptance. Meaning they might take trading as a rivalry instead of a friendly
gesture.
Secondly, he thought that the environment you lived in could affect your laws for certain things. For
example; he thought that men in the tropics are lazier then men in tempered climates. Thinking that
was why slavery was allowed in the

Modernity and Enlightenment in The Persian Letters by...
Modernity and Enlightenment in The Persian Letters by Charles Montesquieu The Persian Letters
(1721), a fictional piece by Charles Montesquieu, is representative of 'the Enlightenment,' both
supporting and showing conflict with its ideas. The initial perception of European people, in
particular the French, is of a busy people with goals and ambition whose focus is progress; in this
way they are able to gain knowledge – a core foundation to Enlightenment. One particular section of
the Persian Letters states that the revolt against the authorities was lead by women, who through
reason, saw the inequity of their treatment and formed a voice. In Montesquieu's story, their decision
to change tradition ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The thought was that human kind was emerging from an age of darkness into 'Enlightenment'. This
idea was focused around the advancement of scientific knowledge, the development of respect for
humanity and above all, reason. People of this time believed that knowledge had to be earned and
that 'through experience and observation, guided by reason,' progress was inevitable. The idea of
Enlightenment filtered its way into society and was became institutionalized. During this period,
European traditions also came under the microscope and were challenged by many scholars and
philosophers. Economical, social and political attitudes were studied and began to move away from
negativity. People then focused on the positives of life and human nature. The monarch and general
hierarchy of society was questioned and related back to natural intentions for mankind. Frenchmen
felt enslaved by their current authorities and tried to overthrow them through the improvement of
literacy, anonymous tracts and social exploration. As the focus of Enlightenment was on the natural
law and order of the world, religious beliefs and especially Christian theology were a central topic.
People of this age were trying to simplify common day human laws back to nature as it provided
'the basic metaphor' for how mankind should live. In Letter 24 of 'Les letters persanes,' Rica's
perception of

Baron De Montesquieu Satire
Baron de Montesquieu he was born on January, 1689 and died in February 1755. Baron de
Montesquieu accomplishments were in 1721, he published Persian Letters. Persian was a satire,
which is a text that uses sarcasm to convey its message, playing on the ridiculousness of society
from the point of view of a visitor in Paris, Oeuvres Completes,Considerations on the Cause of the
Greatness of the Romans and Their Decline, The Spirit Of The Laws. In the spirit of laws he
explains human laws and social institutions. After the death of his mother when he was seven years
old, he was sent to study at the Catholic College of Juilly, an important school for noble French
children. While in school his father died and he was placed in the guardianship

Imbalance In Lord Of The Flies Analysis
Imbalance is at the center of mayhem
As the French philosopher Baron de Montesquieu believed, a system of checks and balances of
power are necessary to have a society. William Golding had written the Lord of the Flies, a book
about a group of young boys stranded on a island needing to find ways of survival. His book
portrays how Montesquieu's idea of checks and balances are needed to make an ideal community.
On the island, Jack and Ralph were the two boys that seemed most fit to be leaders among these
stranded boys and at first the island was a safe place for living, until Jack gains more and more
control where the levels of authority are not equal. With Jack having most of the control, there is an
absence of balance and this absence of balance between powers on the island causes the boys turn to
savagery and chaos. Golding writes of the boys failing to have a mindset of surviving together by
living their life on the island with an imbalance of power to govern themselves and by having this
imbalance, the boys kill each other and destroy the island to rise in dominance, which is what
Montesquieu predicted would happen if there was no checks of power and balance between sides.
In the Lord of the Flies, Golding shows how the boys on the island fail to govern themselves since
Jack's authority grows too fast and Ralph can't limit him. Golding's book agrees with how
Montesquieu believed having three branches of leadership ideally keeps the governmental system
balanced. There are

Montesquieu : A French Political Philosopher
Montesquieu: A French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and
legislative and judicial powers (vocabulary.com). Although it challenged the church's rulings,
Montesquieu had many philosophies on how the government should work (britannica.com).
Montesquieu had a great childhood, nice jobs to start off his philosopher career, and wrote an
amazing book with a lot of ideas that helped make the world what it is today. Thanks to
Montesquieu many things in the United States are the way they are, including the Constitution
(Johnson). Regardless being rich, Montesquieu had a pretty nice childhood (biography.com). He was
born in Bordeaux, France on January 18th, 1689 (britannica.com). From then on he was called by a
few different names: Charles–Luis de secondat and baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu, which
became Montesquieu for short. From his mother's side of the family, Montesquieu grew up being a
part of an upper class family until his mother got sick and later passed (britannica.com). At the point
of when the sickness came, Montesquieu was taken into custody by a lower classman who raised
him through his childhood (biography.com). In 1700 A.D. Montesquieu was sent away to go to
school at the Collège de Juilly (britannica.com). While at that school he studied literature, sciences
and the basic concept of schooling (biography.com). After 5 years, he left that school and moved on
to the University of Bordeaux where he continued his studies in the law

Baron De Montesquieu Enlightenment
Baron de Montesquieu was the most influential Enlightenment Thinker because of his ideas on
governmental structure, and efficiency. His views on this greatly benefitted modern day
governments. Charles Louis de Secondat, (Later titled Baron de Montesquieu) was a French lawyer,
and a Political Philosopher. He was an enlightenment thinker, who was greatly interested in politics,
and had many strong ideas on how the government should be composed, constructed, and used. He,
along with Simon Bolivar, had great influences on the Governments of the U.S.A
Montesquieu thought that the way governments were around him, were terrible. He stated, ""There
is no greater tyranny than that which is perpetrated under the shield of the law and in the name of ...
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He thought that if other parts of the government could not stop, or support something, it would be
really easy for leaders, and government officials to get out of control. He devised a layout so that
this would not be a problem. He wanted one branch to make laws, one branch to interpret laws, and
one to enforce them. This would make a single law go through three stages of people, before it
actually became one. This also meant, that if a law was too biased, or had many disliked qualities,
people could stop the process of it becoming law, preventing people from big problems in the
governments. Over time, more, and more people supported his ideas, they praised him, and it made
him famous for it. With the staggering efficiency of the governmental ideas created by Montesquieu,
people wanted their government just like that, and for the U.S.A, it became a reality. This was due to
the inefficiency, and possible corruptness of their governments that they had had. One of the most
popular countries, around the globe, the United States of America has their government built upon
these same ideas. The US government also has three branches, with some power over one another. It
is the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches. The Executive Branch is run by the president,
and is where laws are finalized. This is also where laws are recommended to the legislative branch.
The main jobs of the Legislative Branch is to pass on laws, and to accept peace treaties, and to
prosecute any officials that have violated their conduct in any way. Lastly, the Judicial Branch is the
Supreme Court. They are the ones who review the laws, and decide on the rights of any of the states
in the U.S.A. Even though the structure has altered slightly, it is still built upon the principals of
Montesquieu. By doing this, Montesquieu greatly benefited the people of the U.S.A to this

Baron De Montesquieu Impact On The Enlightenment
Revolutions don't have to be political to have an impact on a nation. Many nonpolitical revolutions
have inspired changes in the economy, social beliefs, and the way people think. A revolution that
changed how people thought was the Scientific Revolution. It brought a time of reason and logical
thinking called the Enlightenment, which affected many people across the world.
Before the Enlightenment, men were not all treated fairly. People were given jobs based on rank, not
skill. The more money and land a person had, the more others valued them. In the 1600s, an English
thinker by the name of John Locke decided that this was not how people should be treated. He
began to promote the idea of natural rights, or rights that all men are born with. These rights
included the right to life, liberty and property.He believed that men were born equal, no matter their
social class. He also believed that the government should be formed by the people and for the
people. The government was supposed to protect man's natural rights and by failing to do so, the
people could overthrow them. Locke's ideas were a key in the writing of the U.S. Constitution and
the French Revolution.
The Enlightenment came after a period of absolutism. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the United States, John Locke and the Baron de Montesquieu's ideas influenced the writing of the
U.S. Constitution. It was based off of their ideas of natural rights, all men being born equal, and a
separation of powers. The Constitution is something that has helped govern our nation for several
centuries, ensuring that all men are treated fairly. In another country, Locke's same beliefs were
sparking a revolution. The people of France were tired of having an absolute ruler governing them.
Locke said that if the government wasn't protecting its people's rights, then they had the right to
overthrow that government. Hence, the French Revolution

The Court Used The Discerning Observer Test For...
The court used the discerning observer test for substantial similarity, analyzing protectable elements
and how those elements were arranged and placed and the total concept and feel of the quilts. Id. at
273. In particular, the court considered the arrangement and shapes of letters, colors that were
chosen to represent letters and other parts of the quilt, quilting patterns, icons chosen and placement
of protectable elements. Id.; See Hogan v. DC Comics, 48 F. Supp. 2d 298 (S.D.N.Y. 1999)
(reasoning that the comic book and novel were not substantially similar because the similarities
were of unprotectable ideas and themes, in addition to the differences in the total look and feel of the
works, the interactions of the characters', and the plots). However, in Knitwaves, when the plaintiff,
a clothing manufacturer claimed that the defendant had copied two sweaters that were created and
copyrighted by the plaintiff, the court ruled that the two sweater designs at issue were substantially
similar because the alleged infringed work copied the original contribution of the copyrighted work.
71 F.3d 996. In addition, the court reasoned that the sole use of Knitwaves ' sweaters as reference
materials and the selection, coordination and arrangement of patterns was enough to constitute
copyright infringement. Id. at 1004.
Copyright protection does not extend to scenes a faire, which are stock themes commonly linked to
a particular genre or characteristics that appear in a work of

Should Diamonds Cost so Much? Essay
Diamonds have long been considered some of the most prized and sought after possessions. They
have been perceived as indicators of wealth and romance. The diamond market however; has been
one of the most controversial and controlled markets in history run by a cartel "...an association of
suppliers with the purpose of maintaining prices at a high level and restricting competition" (Oxford
English dictionary) formed to prevent the market from becoming flooded with diamonds from too
many suppliers, resulting in a price drop.
This essay will argue for the statement that the price of diamonds is too high. It will analyse the
diamond market as well as De Beers control over the diamond market and explain how the diamond
cartel managed to gain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then in 1929 he gained control of De Beers and controlled virtually the whole of the South African
diamond trade. (Spar,2006) The diamond syndicate worked by limiting the supply of diamonds
entering the market. Agreements were set up whereby distributors would buy their diamonds solely
from De Beers and would sell them in agreed–upon quantities at agreed upon prices .De Beers
would then stockpile any excess of diamonds from the mines. (Spar, 2006). Once Oppenheimer was
in control, he introduced a new structure called the Central Selling Organization (CSO). As
illustrated in figure 1, ten times a year a handpicked group of dealers, known as "sightholders",
would meet at the CSO warehouse in London to purchase diamonds. The diamonds were sold at
non–negotiable prices. Each sightholder received a different package determined by the quantity and
type that De Beers wanted to place in the market and what the sightholder wanted to sell in the
coming weeks. There were mutual interests by all parties – keep the price of diamonds high and
maximize profits – and so the system worked. If a firm wanted to be independent from De Beers,
they risked plummeting the diamond price from over–supply in the market. (Kretschme,1998)
With De Beers controlling the quantity of diamonds entering the market, the price ,as well as
controlling any surplus, De Beers

Comparing John Locke and Baron de Montesquieu Essay
The Enlightenment was a time of change in Europe. There were many new ideas, and various
influential thinkers that inspired new invention and also inspired revolutions. All of these thinkers
had different views on people and government and different views of people and how they act.
Many of these authoritative individuals thoughts still influence us even today. Many of their ideas
are used in government and also as guidelines for people to live their lives by. John Locke and
Baron de Montesquieu both helped to build our constitution and we borrowed some of their ideas
for how we live our lives in America. John Locke had the idea that people were born with the three
natural rights: life, liberty, and property. We as an early country ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In 1748 he published On the Spirit of Laws which was a book describing his views on government.
It goes into detail about how his idea of three branches of government and the separation of powers
in the government would work. He also cites example of governments similar to his idea of
separated powers. He also wrote about empires before his time and how their laws influenced many
countries. He also pointed out what laws worked and the laws that were fair and just to the people.
He also alluded to parts of earlier governments that demonstrated his ideas and thoughts. The views
of these two influential thinkers were considered very radical in their time because their views were
radical and very different from any form of government that anyone back then had ever heard of or
dreamed possible. They thoughts that a government run by the people would be chaotic. They had
never heard of any more separation of power than in England, where it was a limited monarchy.
Their views on people were also influential especially Locke's views. He gave people the idea that
they are more than just slaves for the government and that they should have some say in how their
government is run. These ideas and many more inspired revolutions that were sparked by these two
eccentric individuals. Locke and Montesquieu's thoughts also still ring true today. They are the basis
for not only the U.S but many other governments as well. That

The Fundamental And Structural Principles Of The...
A constitution refers to a set of rules and guidelines intended to create both the fundamental and
structural principles of the government in a state or nation. A constitution is either written or
unwritten. On one hand, a written constitution is a formal document that defines the attributes or
characteristics of the constitutional settlement, the rules governing the political system and the roles
and responsibilities of the government and rights of citizens and inhabitants in a codified form
(Shamgar 345). On the other hand, an unwritten or uncodified constitution refers to a form of the
constitution where the essential rules of any nation's government are in the form of customs,
precedent, usage, and a range of statutes and legal instruments. Only three countries in the world
have an unwritten constitution. They include the United Kingdom, Israel, and New Zealand.
Ordinarily, a constitution is written following major political revolutions or reforms. For instance,
the United States of America wrote their constitution in 1787 following the Second World War.
Germany and Japan also wrote theirs at that time.
Written Constitution versus Unwritten Constitution
Traditionally, there were two main reasons why constitutions were essential. First, it offered an
explanation on the structure of the government and its roles and responsibilities. Second,
governments and citizens viewed a constitution as the pillar of liberal democracy. However,
Heywood (2007) argues that the two

What Was Montesquieu's Aim in Writing the Spirit of the Laws?
‘I ask a favour that I fear will not be granted; it is that one not judge by a moment 's reading the
work of twenty years, that one approve or condemn the book as a whole and not some few
sentences. If one wants to seek the design of the author, one can find it only in the design of the
work. ' (Montesquieu 1989: preface) The Spirit of the Laws took Montesquieu twenty years to write
and was first published in Geneva in 1748. It was distributed freely, without the hindrance of
censorship and deemed and instant success, despite negative feedback from friends to whom the
manuscript was shown. After two years and twenty–two impressions made across Europe many
critics arose of his work, however this merely added to the fame of the author. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
One example of the influence of England is his attitude to torture which he suggests in The Spirit of
the Laws is a catalyst for fear in society (Montesquieu 1989: 92). His arguments against despotism
suggest that fear is not necessarily beneficial for the well being of society, therefore not
implementing torture like the civilised Monarchies such as England is a logical procedure. (Cranston

French Revolution
French Revolution: The Influences
When the Enlightenment occurred, it established some modern–day ideals such as religious
toleration, separation of powers, and natural rights. These Enlightened principles eventually spread
throughout France, causing the people to question the current state of their society, and ultimately
causing the French Revolution. Montesquieu and Voltaire were two very major Enlightenment
figures whose beliefs had a huge impact on the French Revolution. The ever–growing middle class
of France had begun to have access to and absorb some writings and ideas of philosophes like
Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Diderot. In addition, the recent American Revolution proved
to the people of France that Enlightenment ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When the Revolution finally occurred, it became apparent that implementing things from the
Enlightenment was much harder than simply being influenced by it. Nevertheless, Montesquieu's
separation of powers was implemented quite well and proved to be an essential factor in a

Research Paper On Charles De Montesquieu
Charles de Montesquieu –"To become truly great, one has to stand with people, not above them."
The separation of powers is a doctrine for the administration of both democratic and federative
states. The model was initially created in old Greece and came into broad utilization by the Roman
Republic as a feature of the uncodified Constitution of the Roman Republic. The concept of
separation of power has developed in a few structures at distinctive periods. Its cause is traceable to
Aristotle and Plato. In around seventeenth century, a French thinker John Bodin and a British
government official Locke, communicated their perspectives about the hypothesis of separation of
powers. Be that as it may, it was Montesquieu who surprisingly figured this precept methodically,
logically and plainly in his book 'Esprit des Lois' (The Spirit of the Laws), distributed in the year
1748.
Montesquieu in the following words stated the Doctrine of Separation of Powers–
"There would be an end of everything, were the same man or same body, whether of the nobles or of
the people, to exercise those three powers, that of enacting laws, that of executing the public
resolutions, and of trying the causes of individuals."
Through his principle Montesquieu attempted to clarify that the union of the ... Show more content
Subsequent to having experienced the disgraceful period of aggregate oppression under the Indira
Gandhi administration, the judiciary had been endeavouring, following the lifting of the Emergency,
to rethink its part as an autonomous establishment. This was done through strides like developing
the idea of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) and suo moto intercession by and large including the
minimized areas of the general

Two Forms Of Government : Imperial And Constitutional...
A government is an institution that governs an organized community. These institutions have the
authority to make decisions for the society on policies affecting the maintenance of order and the
achievement of certain goals. In a broad sense, they handle legislative, executive, and judiciary
matters for their community. Throughout history, many civilizations had different forms of
government. These include theocracy, democracy, dictatorships, and so forth. However, there are
two particular forms of government that stood out amongst the rest: imperial and constitutional
governments. These two are notable because they appeared many times in history, showing how
prominent they were back then. Today, only the constitutional governments remain relevant because
of certain factors leading to an end of imperialism. Before anything else, there is a clear distinction
between imperial and constitutional governments. An imperial government upholds the ideals of an
empire. It is powerful in international politics, rule over wide territories and diverse peoples, and is
not democratic (Tusan, Models of Empire: Case of Eurasia, September 6th). An example of this
would be the British Empire in North America. Here, a central government rule over an aggregate of
peoples. The British monarch and parliament sent colonists to the North America continent and set
up colonies there. Then, they have begun exploiting these territories and people in favor of Great
Britain like imposing heavy taxes

Baron De Montesquieu Accomplishments
Biography Profile – Baron de Montesquieu
Introduction:
Who is this person? Baron de Montesquieu was a French lawyer and a political philosopher who
lived during the Age of Enlightenment. He was born on January 18, 1689 in La Brede, France. He
was greatly interested in philosophy, and he believed liberty was a natural right, but disagreed with
absolute monarchs. He thought that sometimes governments could get too powerful, so he wanted
the government to be split into 3 different branches. These ideas of the separation of powers
eventually took a large part in the U.S. constitution.
What are his/her accomplishments? Montesquieu's accomplishments are now widely renowned and
used. They include the division of the government into 3 separate pieces; one to make the laws (the
Legislative branch), one to enforce the laws (the Executive branch), and one to interpret the laws
(the Judicial branch). These divisions are now used in the U.S. constitution, and are an important
part of it. Other accomplishments that Montesquieu made were writing many books on philosophy,
which became relatively well known, as well as demonstrating many theories that were interesting
and educational.
Early Life, Education, and Family
Who were this person's family? How ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Montesquieu's mother, Marie François de Pesnel, who died when Montesquieu was only seven years
old, was an heiress who brought the noble name Le Brede to the family, further impacting
Montesquieu's life with noble blood. Based on historical research, Montesquieu had no siblings.
Montesquieu's father died in 1713. Montesquieu's parents had no impact on his later life, except for
the influence of his now noble blood. Once both of his parents had died, he became the ward of his
uncle, the Baron de Montesquieu. He attended a Catholic college until his uncle died, who left him
his fortune and a significant spot in Parliament, the Président á

Comparison Of Rahe And The Baron De Montesquieu
Both Paul A. Rahe and the baron de Montesquieu seek to define republics of antiquity and modern
republics, but Montesquieu places more faith in the reader's ability to comprehend the ancients.
While Rahe presents an explanation of ancient republics with frequent references to American
government, Montesquieu illustrates the principles of ancient and British governments separately.
Montesquieu establishes rules regarding each republic, such as that all nations have peculiar
purposes and that three powers exist in every political community. He then examines various states
and generally does not directly compare England with ancient republics. Montesquieu allows the
reader to make his own analysis. "One must not always so exhaust a subject ... Show more content
He writes, "Political liberty is found only in moderate governments. But it is not always in moderate
states. It is present only when power is not abused, but it has eternally been observed that any man
who has power is led to abuse it; he continues until he finds limits." Therefore, a system of checks
must be set in place in order to avoid such abuses and protect political liberty. Montesquieu
continues, "So that one cannot abuse power, power must check power by the arrangement of things."
This separation is essential for England's unique goal of establishing political liberty. Although
Montesquieu occasionally considers ancient republics in his chapters on England, he generally
discusses them separately and does not often compare them, such as when he considers a balance of
power. The English constitution ensures that no one body possesses the three powers which
Montesquieu identifies. He writes, "In each state there are three sorts of powers: legislative power,
executive power over the things depending on the right of nations, and executive power over the
things depending on civil right." The legislative power refers to the ability to make and correct laws.
The first executive power refers to the power of state, meaning the ability to make peace or war,
have power over embassies, and maintain national security. The last power is that of judging
disputes and punishing crimes. Montesquieu writes, "All would be lost if the same man or the same
body of principal

How Did Montesquieu Contribute To The Enlightenment?
During the late seventeenth, and early eighteenth centuries, Baron de Montesquieu was a political
philosopher who expanded his ideas through writing and exploration. He wrote multiple books
based on law, specific government types, climate, and religion. As people read his books, they began
to realize that both government and society needed a change. Montesquieu enjoyed his social life
while traveling throughout Europe expanding his knowledge. Overall, Montesquieu had a positive
impact on France through Philosophy and other works during Enlightenment.
During the late seventeenth century, Montesquieu was born in 1689 to his parents in Chateau La
Brede, France. "She brought her husband a great increase in wealth in the valuable wine–producing
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through Montesquieu's works and ideas, people within society became interested. "Many of his
ideas, including the idea of separation and balance of governing powers, were later embodied in the
US Constitution" (Lincoln Library). Montesquieu had multiple outlooks on government ways.
However, the Separation of Powers was one that became very popular. His idea on balancing power
between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches later impacted and spread to new countries.
Montesquieu's theory on the Separation of Powers is still used today in the United States. This
played a huge role in furthering government systems for the future. The author mentions "He
thought for a time of diplomatic career but on his return to France decided to devote himself to
literature" (Britannica Academics). Montesquieu's books were mainly focused on climate, law,
religion and forms of government. Throughout his books, he expressed his inner self along with
ways to create a better society. As people read his books, they gained a better understanding on how
his thoughts related to French society and government. As Montesquieu continued to publish more
books, he became well known. His forms of literature not only impacted France, but his books and
ideas spread throughout other countries as well. During the late 1700's Montesquieu became " ...
publically known of his character, for he was

Breakdown Of The Legislative Process
Breakdown of the Legislative Process: In the current political climate in the Iowa Statehouse can be
very toxic for bills that are novel and are trying to push the envelope on issues. Currently, House is
where these types of bills go to die. There is very little support for progressive legislation in the
House. With Republicans having a 57 to 43 Democratic margin in the House; it would be best to
start the bill in the Senate. While margin of the majority in the Senate is much closer, with 26
Democrats to 24 Republicans, it will not be easy to pass this bill in the Senate, but there passage has
much better odds. Because the Democrats hold the majority in the Senate, committee leaders are
Democrats. If the bill is to have any chance at ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This means that passing a law that has environmental issues would be easier in the Senate than in
the Republican controlled House. To get the bill started we would need to persuade Dick Dearden,
the Chair of the Natural Resources Committee. This would allow the bill to have as little attention as
possible, because Natural Resources tends to be a noncontroversial committee, where many issues
are passed out of committee on unanimously. Senator Dearden is also the perfect person for the job.
He has seen the effects that regulation can have on the environment. In a conversation with the
Senator he said that when he was younger he had to clean off toilet paper off his fishing line when
fishing in the Des Moines River. I believe that he would support green infrastructure conservation
issues such as this because he knows that water quality is a major issue in the state. Another reason
why Senator Dearden is the best starting place for this bill is because he is retiring, he won't have to
face reelection in 2016. This means that he can handle politically "hot" issues without any
repercussions in the election cycle. The Natural Resources ranking member is Senator Ken
Rozenboom, and getting him to sign off on the bill will be more difficult because he is very
conservative. This is where we are going

William Golding 's Lord Of The Flies
"Crimes against humanity, as defined by the Rome Statue of the International Criminal Court, are
particularly odious offenses in that they constitute a serious attack on human dignity or grave
humiliation or degradation of one or more human beings... part of a widespread or systematic
practice... tolerated or condoned by a government or a de facto authority." In the novel 'Lord of the
Flies,' by William Golding, the idea of innate human savagery is explored through the hostile
behaviour of English schoolboys who have been stranded on a desolate island. Bullied by their
leader, Jack, the violence they unleash on each other constitutes crimes against humanity because
Jack and his tribe were the de facto authority on the island, and conducted a systematic hunting
down of other boys.
Jack's position as leader of the stranded boys came about when the boys grew tired of Ralph's
demands to remain disciplined and hard working. " 'I ought to be chief,' said Jack with simple
arrogance, 'because I'm chapter chorister and head boy. I can sing C sharp." (P. 18) The boys just
wanted to have fun. To summarize, when the boys were first stranded on the island they formed
themselves into a democratic like group under the leadership of Ralph. "Ralph is in many ways a
symbol of civilization and order, the boy who insists on doing the rational things, Upson 2 like
keeping the fire lit, and the boy who insists that their meetings possess order and decorum." The
boys would rather do what

How Did John Locke Influence Society
Who gave us new ways of thinking and played a role in the foundation of our country? There are
many people that influenced our country and gave new ways of thinking, but there are a few
unexpected players that most do not acknowledge and appreciate. The Enlightenment was a period
in time from 1685–1815, where there was a drastic change in people's views towards subjects such
as philosophy, politics and science. It was an extension of the progress of the Reformation and the
Renaissance. It did this by continuing to extinguish the medieval perspectives towards life which
were that the church ruled over every aspect of life and people were restricted. New ways of
thinking came into play such as equality, logic, and freedom from the church, ... Show more content
John Locke comparatively had more of a positive spin on things than Hobbes. Locke proposed the
thought that all people were born with natural rights, these natural rights being life, liberty, and
property. The government should agree to serve the people and make sure that they would be
provided with these rights. Locke urged if these rights had not been met by the government, the
people had the right to rebel and overthrow the government. Locke's theory got a lot of attention
because as he said in his book Second Treatise of Government that "New opinions are always
suspected, and usually opposed, without any reason but because they are not common." He feels that
government was unnecessary because in his perspective, everyone was born with a clean slate and
that if someone was evil, it was the world that made them evil–– they were not born that way. John
Locke's views influenced famous documents, including the Declaration of Independence. In the
Declaration of Independence it includes "Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness," which is based
on John Locke's interpretation of life that humans were all born as almost a blank page with no
identity and the world and their lives create their interests, intentions and everyone was given the
power to the basic rights of

Lord Of The Glies And William Golding's Lord Of The Flies
Human nature brought to light many philosophical queries; one major one is the question: what
components does a government need in order to effectively coincide and last along side humans?
Forced to answer this question on their own, a group of boys, stranded on an island in William
Golding's classic novel Lord of the Flies, elect Ralph, a young and energetic male who brought the
boys together, to be their leader, instead of Jack, a boy who disregards other's ideas and views his
ideas as the best. The boys, especially a well–educated lad named Piggy, try their best to give
everyone an equal status on the island; however, their society inevitably collapses because of the
fact that the boys have no effective system for preventing power–hungry figures from obtaining too
much power and leading their society down a path of failure. When differentiating the actions taken
by the boys to the political theories of French Enlightenment thinker Baron de Montesquieu, the
most noteworthy difference is the boys' unsuccessful attempt in implementing a system of checks
and balances that could've prevented Jack from leading their society into devastation. The boys'
inability to successfully integrate Montesquieu's idea of a governing system with checks and
balances resulted in the absence of the rights for freedom of speech and equal representation on the
island. Montesquieu believed that the only way to successfully prevent a person from having too
much power was to create a system of

An Evaluation Of The And Cryptographic
It was recognized that TLS 1.0, when managing different bundles, permits the accompanying
parcels to utilize an IV that is the last figure content square of the past bundle. At the end of the day,
an assailant who can see the encoded activity can note the IV utilized for session treat . Essentially
put, a dynamic aggressor will have the capacity to assemble the Ivs for each one record just by
sniffing the system. So if the aggressor can "figure" a plaintext message, he can make a theory at the
session treat and check whether the figure content matches. Rc4 Rc4 is a stream figure made by Ron
Rivest in 1980s. cryptographic count was known good to go division in 1994 and is as of now is the
generally used stream figure. It has a long history of cryptographic examination and cryptographic
ambushes, most noticeably the ambush on its utilization in the WEP gathering. There are number of
weakness found in the first place byte stream. Yet none of these inadequacies were demonstrated to
allow a judicious attack against Rc4. they are gigantic enough to instruct a great deal regarding
individuals in the cryptographic gathering to recommend against its usage. due to execution and no
matter how you look at it apportionment, it has transformed into a common figure suite in SSL/TLS.
However late research appear to have made full plaintext recovery ambushes on Rc4. One of these
attacks is a show attack, recovers the plaintext when it is sent again and again in various different

Democracy In America Analysis
Democracy in America, by Alexis de Tocqueville includes Tocqueville's observations on what
American society and culture was like during the 1830's. Throughout his analysis of America, he
draws many outlandish and interesting conclusions regarding what life was like during this time
period. For example, in Chapter 18, Tocqueville remarks that citizens in democratic societies are
independent, which makes them weak and subsequently uninfluential in society. He goes on to say
that in order to combat this, associations must be established to combat individualism and to
circulate new thoughts and ideas. All in all, Tocqueville's claim is certainly valid, but only up to a
certain point because there were a select few of individuals that were able to make an influence on
society without the help from any associations. Generally speaking, Tocqueville's claim is
completely valid for the average citizen of America. The average citizen in America during this time
period was certainly weak in the aspect that their voice didn't hold much power. Therefore,
according to Tocqueville, the only way to gain power was to join an association because there was a
power in numbers. Essentially, thousands of voices saying the same thing was significantly more
powerful than just one voice saying something. A prime example of this is seen in a dueling poster
as Tharp pronounces Smith as a "scoundrel, rascal, & coward," (Becoming America 283). Tharp
makes this public because the more people that

Enlightened Philosophers (John Locke, Baron de...
John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Jean Jacques Rousseau were all enlightenment
philosophers. Each of these men had a particular view of government, society, and its citizens and
they were all passionate about their works. Locke (1632– 1704) was an English philosopher, his
ideas had a great impact on the development of political philosophy and he is widely regarded as
one of the most influential enlightenment thinkers. Montesquieu (1689– 1755) believed that all
things were made up of laws that never changed. His most famous work, The Spirit of Laws,
outlined his ideas on how government would work best. Voltaire (1694– 1778) was a poet, an
essayist, playwright, historian, and above all, a critic of society. He was a great ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
People always abuse their powers. No matter how small the amount they have, they will push their
credibility to the edge. "Constant experience shows us that every man invested with power is apt to
abuse it and carry it as far as it will go. (The Spirit of Laws) ". As the renaissance came around,
Montesquieu would definitely not have had such a bad opinion of man. As previously mentioned,
the renaissance was a time for prosperity and there was a focus on humanism. Montesquieu believed
that men will abuse any power that they are given but during the renaissance, people were much
different. As for the Protestant Reformation, Montesquieu would probably feel the same way as his
original philosophy. Nobody liked each other during the Protestant Reformation but the liked the
government/ churches even less. There's no doubt that people would abuse their power and the
government should be split in 3 sections. However, during the Scientific Revolution, Montesquieu
would feel the same about the people and probably would view the government the same way.
During the Scientific Revolution, people were recovering from the Protestant Reformation but it was
the abuse of power that put them there in the first place and they needed a stable government.
Jean Jacques Rousseau was similar to Locke in his belief of a government. Rousseau believes that
government is necessary for

The Revolution Of A Successful Political Revolution
Throughout the course of world history there has been various attempts to have a political revolution
to form a society built through democracy. In some cases, like the United States, the challenge to
build a functioning society through democracy has been successful. Yet, in the case of the French
Revolution for democracy, the result was near disastrous. So what separated these two nations in
their conquest for a successful political revolution? The answer lies within the structures and
institutions established by the United States founding fathers. Both The Federalist Paper by John
Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton and Democracy In America by Alexis de Tocqueville
analyze how establishing these different structures will lead to a successful American government
founded on democracy. In The Federalist Papers the authors use two different articles, Federalist
Paper 10 and Federalist Paper 51, to demonstrate how the systems set in place would lead to set up a
structure for a successful democracy. Federalist 10 focused on how the United States' government
needed to large in order to control factions while not completely destroying them. Federalist 51
focuses on separation of powers and checks and balances as a way to prevent a branch of
government from becoming too powerful and infringing the rights of the citizens. In the case of De
Tocqueville, he portrays how the people who settled the United States and the use of associations to
combat the issue of individualism

Effects Of The Enlightenment
Due to the rapid pace at which the world changes, it may be surprising to learn that Enlightenment
ideas that originated centuries ago are still present in modern society. Despite their age,
Enlightenment ideas regarding how the government should function are still in use in various places,
such as the United States government. The past effects of these ideas are also still visible in the
present, as their appearance supported and helped trigger revolutions in places such as France and
the American colonies. At the time of their conception, these ideas proposed a different kind of
government than existed in most any country, and were considered by some to be too liberal, while
others advocated in favor of them due to the various ways they ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Up to this point in time, it was not uncommon for monarchs and rulers to infringe upon these rights
in favor of their own satisfaction; monarchs forced taxes upon their subjects in order to fund their
own projects and lifestyles, and some were known to oppress their people in an attempt to maintain
power for an indefinite amount of time. Under this Enlightenment idea, the government was tasked
with preventing these occurrences from taking place, therefore protecting these basic rights and, by
extension, the people's quality of life.
One Enlightenment idea that is visible in more countries than most actually came about due to a
misunderstanding: Baron de Montesquieu incorrectly assessed the responsibilities of the various
components of the British government, thus leading him to the conclusion that the powers of the
government should be separated between multiple branches, though Montesquieu proposed three. In
doing so, the government, as well as rulers and monarchs, would be unable to abuse their power due
to the system of checks and balances that would be created by the separation, consequently solving
problems various people had with their rulers' abuses of power. This is arguably one of the more
popular Enlightenment ideas, as differing versions of it have been implemented in countries across

Charles Louis De Secondat, Baron De Montesquieu, And...
This could not be truer and better expressed about the rule of governance. That is why James
Madison and men like him sought after the influence of some of the greatest minds; Charles Louis
de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu, Mark Kishlansky, and Thomas Paine. Each of these men are
different in their own rights but all strive for the common accomplishment of the perfect balance and
formula for the government and their public. Throughout my term paper elaborate on Montesquieu's
"Spirit of Laws" chapters twenty two through twenty–six, Mark Kishlansky "a Monarchy
Transformed: Britain 1603–1714" chapters one through two. I will then go on to discuss Thomas
Paine's "Common Sense" and then return to Montesquieu "Spirit of Laws" chapters one through
thirteen. From these readings, I will go on and discuss their summary of ideas, events, and/or ways
of thinking that influenced the constitution. I will also identify the amendments that were influenced
by these readings as well. Montesquieu had an influence on the constitution because of his one idea
of religion. Montesquieu believed that the less power religious ideas possess in the political
concerns of a country, the more virtuous, happy, free, and at peace with others the people will be. He
thought that with human laws, imposed to direct people and their will, must provide direction or
rule, and not counsels. On the other hand religion made to esteem the heart, should provide an
abundance of counsels and little to none rule. He

John Locke, Baron De Montesquieu, Mary Wollstonecraft

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