515531 Essay

515531 Essay
BFM223
SUSTAINABILITY ACCOUNTING AND ACCOUNTABILITY
MSC IN ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE (PTABAB061)
INDIVIDUAL COURSE ASSIGNMENT
CANDIDATE: 515531
WORD COUNT: 3,358
DATE OF SUBMISSION: JANUARY 10, 2013
ASTON BUSINESS SCHOOL (ABS)
TABLE OF CONTENT
PartTopicPage
1Introduction1
2Sustainable Development– The Background1
3Compliance of CLP Sustainability Report with GRI's Sustainability Reporting Guidelines2
3.1.Strategy and Profile3
3.2.Management Approach5
3.3.Performance Indicators5
3.4.GRI Guidelines7
3.4.1.Strategy and Analysis7
3.4.2.Organizational Profile7
3.4.3.Report Parameters8
4Literature Review on CLP's SR8
5Assurance of CLP SR11
6Conclusion14
7Referencesв†’

1. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, a sustainability report should provide a balanced and reasonable representation of the sustainability performance of a reporting organization –
including both positive and negative contributions. CLP Chairman and CEO statement address this issue in a way that CLP have already proved to be
a sustainable business. However, the needs and expectations of their stakeholders are evolving more quickly than before. The result is that CLP needs
to anticipate, adapt and act more quickly and effectively than ever if they are to sustain their business.
The Standard Disclosure section of GRI guideline specifies the base content that should appear in a sustainability report. There are three different types
of disclosures:
3.1.STRATEGY AND PROFILE:
"Our Business" section of CLP's sustainability report covers the business profile, strategies, risk, opportunities and succession plan. CLP has an
enriched Value Framework which is an enduring statement of what CLP wants to be, and which all are expected to share and support– wherever they
work or whatever their individual roles may be. It articulates their belief in doing the right thing as a company. CLP's vision is to be the leading
responsible energy provider in the Asia–Pacific region, from one generation to the next. Its mission is to produce
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Corporate Social Responsibility of Hsbc
About HSBC
Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) is one of the largest banking and financial services organizations in the world. We are the world's
local bank.
Headquarter: London
Network: HSBC's international network comprises around 8,000 offices in 88 countries and territories in Europe, the Asia–Pacific region, the
Americas, the Middle East and Africa.
Shareholders: With listings on the London, Hong Kong, New York, Paris and Bermuda stock exchanges, shares inHSBC Holdings plc are held by
around 220,000 shareholders in 119 countries and territories. The shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange in the form of American
Depositary Receipts.
Activities: Through an international network linked by advanced technology, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The curriculum is designed to assist consumers in the areas of credit, homeownership and managing money.
YourFutureCountsв„ў HSBC has extended its partnership with the Society for Financial Education and Professional Development (SFEPD) through
July 2010 with a renewed grant of $500,000 for the YourFutureCountsв„ў program, a series of personal money management and credit management
seminars to juniors and seniors at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). In 2008, 14,413 students at 71 HBCUs participated in the
seminars, with a total of 48,792 students receiving this important training since the program began in 2005.
Junior Achievement
HSBC is proud to partner with Junior Achievement (JA), the largest nonprofit youth economic education organization in the world. As a financial
services company, partnering with JA provides our employees an opportunity to build professional skills, while supporting the future economic success
of our youth. JA programs educate and inspire young people to value free enterprise, understand business and economics, and be better prepared to enter
the workforce. The programs are presented at a wide variety of schools throughout the country, and children from all economic backgrounds have the
opportunity to participate.
Volunteer Support
In 2008, more than 2,500 employees spent approximately 37,000 hours teaching JA programs in 39 states, directly affecting nearly 50,000 students.
Since 2005, HSBC has

Importance Of Depository Receipt Is A Negotiable...
INTRODUCTION
The past few decades have witnessed the increased internationalization of various firms through cross– listings on international exchanges. This has
been facilitated by market liberalisation, which has led to greater integration of global securities markets. Cross–border listing has become one of the
avenues for the integration of global securities markets.
There are two forms of cross–border listing, namely, direct listing and indirect listing. Direct listing implies that the firm concerned offers ordinary
shares to the public. Indirect listing on exchanges is through Depository Receipts (DRs). Depository receipt is a negotiable certificate issued by a bank
in a domestic country that represent ownership of shares in companies of other countries. Cross listing, particularly through DRs such as American
Depositary Receipts (ADRs) or Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs), is a popular way of internationalisation among firms from emerging economies. In
addition to Europe and America, International firms are allowed to cross list in other countries through the DR programme.
There could be several reasons for a domestic company to cross–list, such as an expanding investor base, the desire to improve stock liquidity through
its highly liquid secondary market, the increasing visibility of the company, a growing customer base, and the wish to take advantage of higher
valuations. From the perspective of investors, cross listing mitigates some

Geelie Case Analysis
Dear Mr. Li,
Given the recent objective of Geeli becoming the world's biggest air–conditioner manufacture within the next five years for which Geeli needs to raise
$400 million (RMB 3.35 billion), I have looked into these areas based on the information available:
1.Current Company Position
2.Current Industry Position
3.Financing options
4.Recommendations
Current Company Position
Geeli has gained substantial market share of this industry under your leadership over the last decade. With Geeli's present book assets approaching
$400 million Geeli has enjoyed a steady growth in it's revenue and stable cash flows. Additionally, the Geeli brand is valued at $350 million by the
State Finance Bureau of China. Given this brand recognition ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even though private placements are very new in China and only being legislated in 2005, it is expected to double by 2008.
AdvantagesSet Backs
–Easy and less time consuming
–No Strict Compliance as listing
–Less number of share holders
–Allows company to be in a private status
–High level of secrecy
–Option of choosing investors who are aligned with the company–Lack of suitable investors
–Opportunistic behavior by selling to interested party in large profits
–Lack of funds
–Little recognition than other public offerings
Debt Options
When China joined the WTO in 2001, its banking sector was in a very weak state, troubled by a serious non–performing loans (NPLs) problem. Thus,
numerous measures like a large sum of government funds (roughly 20% of China's GDP in 2004) have been provided to resolve the NPLs problems.
Since 2003, China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) was established to strengthen bank regulation and this has improved performance due to

foreign competitors, lower transaction cost & easy administrative procedure for obtaining the loan with added tax saving. While Geeli has limited debt
on its balance sheet there are still drawbacks with these options as emphasized below:
Domestic Banks – Drawbacks
Government Policy dictated lending practice and most loan went to state

Essay Financial Markets Deregulate
Thanks to deregulation & technological advances, Financial Markets are all interlinked. Funds can thus be raised overseas, not only domestically.
Deregulation is the process by which rules and regulations are removed or reduced in order to make markets increasingly efficient. The rationale
behind this is that deregulation will promote competitiveness, and therefore result in lower prices and a more efficient marketplace.
To realise the effect of deregulation and technological advances on financial markets, we first have to understand what financial markets are. Basically,
a financial market is a mechanism that allows people to buy and sell financial securities, commodities and other fungible items of low value at low
transaction ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With easy accessibility of the Internet, financial information can be disseminated quickly and hence investors are able to make better–informed
decisions. This accessibility of information and deregulation has encouraged foreign investments, and we can see the surge of new financial products
and an increase in financial innovation in the markets today. Stocks can now be dual–listed, traded across markets in two different countries. For
example, many large Canadian companies are listed both on the New YorkStock Exchange as well as the TorontoStock Exchange. There are also
Brazilian–based companies listed on both the Brazilian and US stock markets. This adds greater liquidity to the companies' shares traded, and also
gives investors more options as to where they can trade.
The reduction of government restrictions has even allowed stock markets to take it one step further. We hear of the Nasdaq owning 31% of the
London Stock Exchange's (LSE) shares and talks of acquiring it were in the works, but they have now decided to focus instead on taking over
Sweden's OMX AB. In late June this year, the LSE announced a merger with the Borsa Italiana SpA for $2.19 billion. One would never have heard of
this happening had widespread deregulation not occurred.
In Singapore, the ability to trade stocks and shares has become easily accessible due to online trading. Real–time information on stock prices is

Natural Disasters Affecting America's Economy
"We've never seen anything like this" is the word increasingly heard in every part of the world in the wake of natural disasters. Certainly, strong
natural disasters have increased nearly four times over the past four decades. There have been observed 70% increase in damage by floods and
streams. According to recent UN report, Economic losses from disasters since 2000 are in range of $2.5 trillion, almost 50% higher than previous
international estimates. The economic losses from disaster sometimes occur out of control and require partnership with private sector. The losses from
earthquake and cyclonic wind damage are expected to be about $180 billion per year throughout this century– and this figure doesn't include damage
from floods, rockslides, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many U.S. investors own shares of companies in other countries which can put investor at a risk with natural threat associated with these areas.
There has also been seen a significant effect on a price of commodity after a disaster. For example, earthquake in Chile (2010) choked copper market
and results an increase in Copper price worldwide. With increase in price of a commodity, there is an obvious decreased diminished margin left for
industries. Scarcity rules and the price inflation is then not just related to market goods but also makes its way to staples like food, merchandise and

Difference Between Icici Bank N Axis
SERVICE SECTOR MANAGEMENT| ICICI BANK AND AXIS BANK|
WHAT IS A BANK?
A banker or bank is a financial institution whose primary activity is to act as a payment agent for customers and to borrow and lend money. In other
words, an institution where one can place and borrow money and take care of financial affairs
ABOUT
The Banking sector in India has always been one of the most preferred avenues of employment. In the current decade, this has emerged as a
resurgent sector in the Indian economy. As per the McKinsey report 'India Banking 2010', the banking sector index has grown at a compounded
annual rate of over 51 per cent since the year 2001, as compared to a 27 per cent growth in the market index during the same period. It is ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The merger would enhance value for ICICI shareholders through the merged entity's access to low–cost deposits, greater opportunities for earning
fee–based income and the ability to participate in the payments system and provide transaction–banking services. The merger would enhance value for
ICICI Bank shareholders through a large capital base and scale of operations, seamless access to ICICI's strong corporate relationships built up over
five decades, entry into new business segments, higher market share in various business segments, particularly fee–based services, and access to the
vast talent pool of ICICI and its subsidiaries. In October 2001, the Boards of Directors of ICICI and ICICI Bank approved the merger of ICICI and two
of its wholly–owned retail finance subsidiaries, ICICI Personal Financial Services Limited and ICICI Capital Services Limited, with ICICI Bank.
The merger was approved by shareholders of ICICI and ICICI Bank in January 2002, by the High Court of Gujarat at Ahmedabad in March 2002, and
by the High Court of Judicature at Mumbai and the Reserve Bank of India in April 2002. Consequent to the merger, the ICICI group's financing and
banking operations, both wholesale and retail, have been integrated in a single entity.

Bhp Billiton Ltd Essay
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 BHP Billiton Company Background
BHP Billiton Limited was founded in the year 2001 as a merger between Australian Broken Hill Proprietary Company and the Anglo–Dutch Billiton
Plc. BHP Billiton is a dual listed company and well known as the leading global resources and the largest mining company in the world measured from
its revenue. The headquarters is in Melbourne, Australia and a major management office in London, UK. They have more than 100,000 employees and
contractors across the 25 nations. BHP Billiton is the major producers of commodities namely energy coal, aluminum, iron ore, minerals, copper,
manganese, uranium, nickel, and mining in oil, gas, and diamond. They have more than 100 mining and processing ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
One example is China and India which are countries that had an explosive, rapid, and dramatic economic growth that continues to establish
industrialized expansion. With such economic growth and with intense development to establish an industrialized society is needed with materials that
has something to do with metal ores, aluminum, manganese and others. The opportunity is global with the existence of free trade in some parts of the
regions, their products are easily sells. The immergence of international trade union and other international trade organizations can able to support
leverage the products. Meanwhile, since the company promoted multi–cultural or diversified culture in terms of its manpower, it has an opportunity to
acquire the best, competitive and skillful persons to further help run the company.
Read more:

Payment System
BANCO DE GUATEMALA
PAYMENT SYSTEM OF GUATEMALA: EVALUATION AND MODERNIZATION PROPOSAL
Guatemala, October 2004
I N D EX
INTRODUCTION............................................................................. I.
1
CONCEPTUAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS OF A PAYMENT SYSTEM....................................................................................... 2
1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.4.5 2. 2.1 2.2 3. 3.1 3.2 4. 5. 6. 7. Generalities.........................................................................
Definition............................................................................... Importance............................................................................ Characteristics
...................................................................... Components of a modern payment system............................ Real Time Gross Settlement Systems –LBTR–
................... Banking Clearing Houses ......................................... Automated Clearing Houses –ACHs– ...................... Cross–border ... Show more
Also the current operation of the Guatemalan payment system is described, emphasizing the operational and legal aspects, in national and foreign
currency, as well as in the settlement of security titles; in inter–bank transfers and of the public sector. Later, regarding the international experience in
matters of payment systems, there appears a description of cases such as Chile, Mexico, Costa Rica and Colombia, which are in the process of
modernizing their payment systems, and for the effect, the structure, payment instruments and achievement of reform projects in said countries is
mentioned. Finally, taking as a reference the vision of a modern payment system and the experience of other central banks regarding the
implementation of real time gross settlement systems, the integral modernization strategy of the country's payment system is described; therefore, the
present document includes a modernization matrix of said system, which contains the activities to be carried out, which are contracted to the
strengthening of the normative frame of the payment system, to the implementation and modernization of the payment system and to the institutional
cooperation that said modernization requires.
The Payment System of Guatemala: Evaluation and modernization proposal

I. CONCEPTUAL AND PHILOSPHICAL ASPECTS OF A PAYMENT SYSTEM
c) 1.1
1.
Generalities
Definition The Bank of International Settlements

Honda Annual Report
Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Annual Report 2009
Annual Report 2009
Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
Year Ended March 31, 2009
Contents
2 3 6 8 18 The Power of Dreams Summary of Operating Results by Business Financial Highlights To Our Shareholders Review of Operations
Motorcycle Business Automobile Business Power Product and Other Businesses Financial Services Business
36 37 39 46 49 81
Preparing for the Future Risk Factors Corporate Governance Board of Directors, Corporate Auditors and Operating Officers Financial Section
Corporate Information
Principal Manufacturing Facilities Honda Group Honda's History Investor Information
Reports Published by Honda
CSR Report
This report provides an overview of Honda's position on corporate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
*As of March 31, 2009
Caution with Respect to Forward–Looking Statements
This annual report contains "forward–looking statements" as defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Such statements are based on management's assumptions and beliefs, taking into account information
currently available to it. Therefore, please be advised that Honda's actual results could differ materially from those described in these forward–looking
statements as a result of numerous factors, including general economic conditions in Honda's principal markets; foreign exchange rates between the
Japanese yen and the U.S. dollar, the Euro and other major currencies; and extensive environmental and other governmental regulations, as well as other

factors detailed from time to time.
Annual Report 2009
1
The Power of Dreams
Dreams inspire us to create innovative products that enhance mobility and benefit society. To meet the particular needs of customers in different
regions around the world, we base our sales networks, research & development centers and manufacturing facilities in each region. Furthermore, as a
socially responsible corporate citizen, we strive to address important environmental and safety issues.
2
Annual Report 2009
15
Summary of Operating Results by Business
Percentage of Net Sales by Business
Motorcycle

A Comparative Look At Space And Law Essay
A Comparative Look at Space and Law
Space means what we want it to mean. Defined by those who occupy it, giving it a purpose and without it, it is nothing more than an empty area,
blank and lifeless. The following two articles offer different perspectives on the use of this space as it relates to law. In one article, space provides
certain function that determines how those who occupy it are to act, while in another it is a neutral space and welcoming space representing choice
and the freedom; a public stage used to put on a performance and develop a professional identity.
In Norman Spaulding's article The Enclosure of Justice: Courthouse Architecture, Due Process, and the Dead Metaphor of Trial, the focus is on
adversarial space; the courthouse where confrontation takes place and justice is administered. With little said about this space Spaulding searches for
deeper, unexplored connections between justice and the space in which it operates. Using a historical overview, he shows how courtroomstructure has
become increasingly enclosed signifying law's liberation from all political, commercial and social aspects. Furthermore, actual courtroom trials are
becoming a 'dead metaphor' as Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) offer better options, mass processing and immediate justice in private and fully
enclosed settings. Spaulding concludes, complemented by history, there exists a movement towards isolation of traditional courtroom space, because it
eliminates interruption the

Bhp Billiton Ltd Essay
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 BHP Billiton Company Background
BHP Billiton Limited was founded in the year 2001 as a merger between Australian Broken Hill Proprietary Company and the Anglo–Dutch Billiton
Plc. BHP Billiton is a dual listed company and well known as the leading global resources and the largest mining company in the world measured from
its revenue. The headquarters is in Melbourne, Australia and a major management office in London, UK. They have more than 100,000 employees and
contractors across the 25 nations. BHP Billiton is the major producers of commodities namely energy coal, aluminum, iron ore, minerals, copper,
manganese, uranium, nickel, and mining in oil, gas, and diamond. They have more than 100 mining and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their main focus is to create effective strategic framework that capitalizes on the strong market consumer direction, cash optimization from their assets,
and maximizing their financial strength. By doing so, the company not only becomes effective, but also efficient and furthermore, it strengthens their
business position in the global market.
The other strength of BHP Billiton is their development expertise. Development expertise refers to professionals that are formed to be R&D
(Research and Development) division, which their duty is to develop new products to meet the market demands and give the best products for the
clients. Hence, it is their competitive advantages that distinct them from their competitors. Furthermore, with the diversity of their products, they are
able to mitigate their productions easily to other countries / nations since their productions are well distributed over the world.
Additionally, BHP Billiton is able to tackle all the possible challenges from their competitors by implementing effective strategies and approaches. This
particular strength is considered as the most powerful ability of BHP Billiton that can help them to maintain their performance in the business and
guard their crown over the competitors.
Weaknesses
As BHP Billiton has become a giant company in the industry,

Unilever Project
Contents Section 1 Introduction3 1.1 Introduction to the topic3 1.2 Introduction to UNILEVER4 1.3 Project objectives5 1.4 Research Questions5 1.5
Research approach6 Section 2 Information Gathering7 2.1 Sources used and reasons7 2.2 Description of method used to collect information8 2.3
Limitation of gathering information9 2.4 Ethical Issues9 2.5 Ratio Analysis10 2.5(a) Limitation of ratio analysis11 2.6 SWOT analysis13 2.6(a)
Limitations of SWOT analysis13 2.7 PEST analysis13 2.7(a) Limitations of PEST analysis13 Section 3 Business Performance Analysis15 Polyester15
Soda Ash16 3.1 Major Developments19 3.2 Competitive Position of UNILEVER.20 3.3 Future Outlook20 Section... Show more content on
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Secondly, Unilever N.V is a public limited company it is registered in Neitherland and its securities are listed on Euronext Amsterdam and New
York Stock Exchange. These two parent companies, together with their group companies, operate as a single economic entity referred as Unilever
Group for reporting purposes and present their consolidated financial statements. Unilever is operating in 170 countries around the world and it has a
big portfolio of more than 400 brands. 1Unilever Annual Report and Accounts 2009 1.3 Project objectives My research and analysis project aims at
the following objectives; * Overview of Unilever Group, its business operations and environment as a whole. * Financial performance analysis of
Unilever Group in terms of profitability and return on capital employed, long–term solvency and liquidity, management efficiency, short–term solvency
and liquidity, return on investment/EPS and stability with of prospective of different group of users of financial information. * Most oblivious risks
facing the Unilever, their impact on the performance and the strategies put in place to deal with them. * SWOT analysis that involves analysing the
strengths and weaknesses of the business and comparing them with opportunities and threats in the environment. * PESTLE analysis to view and
analyse the

Dow Jones Industrial Average And Nasdaq
The Dow Jones Industrial Average and NASDAQ are both significant economic indicators. The Dow Jones was created by Charles Dow in 1896. "The
Dow" is a price–weighted average of 30 significant stocks, most of which are traded on the New York Stock exchange. The NASDAQ is the National
Association of Securities Dealers Automatic Quotation System. It is the first and largest electronic stock exchange in the world, consisting of more
than 4000 stocks. Both the Dow Jones Industrial Averageand NASDAQ are significant gauges of the current state of the economy. However, the
NASDAQ is much larger and includes more than 4000 companies, while the Dow Jones only includes 30 companies. All of the NASDAQ stocks are
also traded on the NASDAQ exchange, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The index also includes a broad range of companies, which allows people to receive a good idea on the general condition and direction of the stock
market. This economic indicator is also a good tool for comparing the current market to markets in the past because it has been around for many
years. The Dow Jones Industrial Average is also a good predictor of the stock market. The Dow also has an added significance because of the
importance to investors; Many investors use the Dow as a model for investment products. The physiological importance that the Dow holds also
increases its significance greatly. The Dow is one of the highlights in financial news and even people not involved in the stock market have heard
of it. The importance of the Dow in financial news has a great influence over many people. The NASDAQ also holds a lot of significance as an
economic indicator. The main significance of the NASDAQ composite index is that it is a representation of the stocks that are traded on the
NASDAQ stock exchange. There is no other exchange that has its own popular index. This index is also very important because of it represents a
large portion of tech and innovative companies. The NASDAQ is a good indicator of how the tech segments of the market are doing. The NASDAQ
composite index is also the NASDAQ's main and longest–running index. The physiological importance held by this indicator is also very significant
because of how people base the state of the

Investment Chap2
Chapter 2
Markets and Transactions
T Outline
Learning Goals
I. Securities Markets A) Types of Securities Markets 1. The Primary Market a. Going Public: The IPO Process b. The Investment Banker's Role 2.
Secondary Markets B) Organized Securities Exchanges 1. The New York Stock Exchange a. Trading Activity b. Listing Policies 2. The AmericanStock
Exchange 3. Regional Stock Exchanges 4. Options Exchanges 5. Futures Exchanges C) The Over–the–Counter Market 1. New Issues and Secondary
Distributions 2. The Role of Dealers 3. Nasdaq 4. Alternative Trading Systems D) General Market Conditions: Bull or Bear Concepts in Review II.
Globalization of Securities Markets A) Growing Importance of International Markets B) International Investment ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A related issue is the existence of after–hours trading. In the next section, various regulations applicable to brokers, investment advisors, and stock
exchanges are described. The instructor need not dwell on this section at length, however the instructor might want to bring in any recent litigation or
securities market trial that is being widely covered by the press. Ethical issues and insider trading are interesting and serve to make a point about the
challenges facing those attempting to regulate the exchanges.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Chapter 2

Markets and Transactions
19
7.
The text now moves to the different types of transactions, beginning with long purchases. The next section deals extensively with margin trading,
including the magnification of profits and losses, initial and maintenance margin, and the formulas for their calculation. There are a number of review
problems and a case at the end of the chapter to aid the student in understanding the concept of margin. The final section of the chapter deals with short
selling, including the mechanics and uses of short sales.
8.
T Answers to Concepts in Review
1. (a) In the money market, short–term securities such as CDs, T–bills, and banker's acceptances are traded. Long–term securities such as stocks and
bonds are traded in the capital markets. (b) A new security is

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Adr
This instrument permits the foreign investor to access non–US market tor investment thereby insulating him from exchange risk, as an ADR is
denominated in dollars and dividends are also paid in dollars.
ADRs are listed on the New York Stock Exchange or Over the Counter Exchange in the USA. ADR's attract a much wider investor base than the
GDRs, since –pensions funds and individual investors are permitted to invest in them
The size of the ADR issue can be expanded or contracted according to demand as depository banks can issue or withdraw corresponding shares in the
local market. GDR is a one time issue and can be contracted in stze only if Investors decide to redeem.
ADR issue is more expensive than a GDR issue.
ADR issue requires ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They save money by reducing administration costs and avoiding foreign taxes on each transaction.
пѓ Diversification – Investor gains the potential to capitalize on emerging economies by investing in different countries.
пѓ More US exposure – Foreign entities favour ADRs because they get more US exposure, allowing them to tap into the wealthy North American
equity markets
INFOSYS Technologies Ltd was the first Indian company to issue ADRs.
LIST OF ADRs ISSUED BY INDIAN COMPANIES
1.Global Depository Receipts (GDR)
A Global Depository Receipt (GDR) is a dollar denominated instrument tradable on the stock exchanges in Europe or USA. It is issued by one
country's bank as negotiable certificate and is traded on the stock exchange of another country against a certain number of shares held in its custody. It
is denominated in some freely convertible currency .The concept of GDR, original to the developed countries, now has gained popularity even in
developing countries like

International Financial Transactions Take Place Worldwide...
Nowadays international financial transactions take place worldwide. Most of the big companies of the United States and other countries have decided
to expand their operations, products, and services out of the country, turning the traditional economy in a globalized economy. Under these new
circumstances, the financial management became more complexity. The complexity of the process is caused due to companies have to deal with
monetary interactions with all countries participating in the market such as currency exchange rates, international monetary systems, inflation, tax
system and government law, and issues of international financial management including political risk and foreign exchange risk inherent in managing
multinational corporations. In this new market's scene is where the international finance management has become an important tool for multinational
companies. Currently, without a vast experience in this theme, is hard to last in the market because there is marked different between international and
domestic financial markets. The companies that have trained their managers in international finance matters can help the organization to achieve high
levels of efficiency and effectiveness in all markets around the world.
There are many aspects that we have to consider to understand the real concept of international financial management. The following terminology is
present in all the markets worldwide:
American Depositary Receipt (ADR): Masson Corporation Security

Sony Corporation And Its Impact On The World
Sony Corporation was founded on the 7th of May 1946 in Tokyo, Japan as a joint stock company under Japanese law. To start it, the founders incurred
a cost of 190,000 yen. The co–founder of Sony Corporation in May 1946 was Masaru Ibuka. The other co–founder who founded the Sony Corporation
in America iin160 was called Akio Morita. When established Sony Corporation was named Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha but later in
January 1958 the name was changed to Sony Kabushiki Kaisha which means Sony Corporation in English. Sony Corporation entered the list of the
Tokyo stock exchange in December 1958. (Cooper, 1995) Sony TR–72 which was a transistor radio was released in December. In 1960 the TV8–301,
the first direct television ever in the world, was introduced. In June 1961, it distributed American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs") all though the United
States of America. N 1962 the smallest and lightest TV was introduced. In March 1968, Sony established CBS/ the Sony records inc. in Japan, which
is currently known as Sony Music Entertainment (Japan) Inc. ("SMEJ"). It was set up as a company whereby there is 50–50 joint venture between the
Sony Corporation and CBS Inc. in USA. SMEJ became a Sony corporation's wholly–owned subsidiary in January 1988. In November 1991, Sony
music entertainment Japan was listed on the 2nd section of TSE (Robert, 2014) In September of 1970, the Sony Corporation was in the New York
stock exchange. In august of 1979, Sony founded the Sony

The Act Of Investing Money For Your Own Country 's Stock...
Introduction
The act of investing money in your own country's stock market is relatively easy. All you need to do is get a hold of your stock broker or log into
your online account and place a buy or sell order. On the flip side, investing in a company that is listed on a foreign stock exchange is much more
complicated. Where would one begin? However, now there is an easier way to invest in foreign markets from the U.S, this is through the American
Depositary Receipts (ADRs). According to Investopedia, there are more than 2,000 foreign companies world–wide that provide this option for U.S and
Canadian investors interested in buying shares. The purpose of this research paper is to define what an ADR is, explain how ADRs work, mention the
different types of ADRs, and lastly, outline the risks and benefits of ADRs to US investors and issuers.
American Depositary Receipt
Investopedia defines American Depositary Receipt as a negotiable stock that trades in the United States but represents a specified number of shares in
a foreign corporation. ADRs are bought and sold in American markets like normal stocks, and are distributed or sponsored in the U.S. by a depositary
bank or brokerage. Investopedia confirms that ADRs were introduced to the financial markets in 1927, as a result of the complexities involved in
buying shares in foreign countries and the difficulties related to trading at different prices and currencies. It is because of this that the U.S banks
purchase huge

Advantages And Drawbacks Of Ipo
Drawbacks of IPO's It is true that IPO raises huge capital for the issuing company. But in order to launch an Initial Public Offering (IPO), it is also
necessary to make certain investments. Setting up an IPO does not always lead to an improvement in the economic performance of the company. A
continuing expenditure has to be incurred after the setting up of an IPO by the parent company. A lot of expenses have to be incurred in the form of
legal fees, printing costs and accounting fees, which are connected to the registering of an IPO. Such expenses might cost hundreds of US dollars.
Apart from such enormous costs, there are other factors as well that should be taken into consideration by the company while introducing an IPO. Such
factors include the rules and regulations involved to set up public offerings and this entire process on the other hand involve a number of complexities
which sometimes require the services of the experts in relevant fields. Some companies hire... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Shareholders have ownership in the company. The primary owners of the company or the people holding maximum authority in the company
cannot take decisions all by themselves once an IPO has been launched and shareholders have been formed. The shareholders have an active
participation in every decision that is being taken even if they do not hold 50 percent share of the company. They have their individual demands to
be met as they owe a certain percentage of stakes in the company. The SEC regulations require notification from the shareholders of the company,
meetings and also approvals from them while making important business decisions. A major risk with shareholders is that, they can sell off their
stocks any time they want, in case they see the price band of the stakes of that company is going down. This will lead to a further drop of the value of
the shares in the market which in turn will decrease the overall value of the

Employee Remuneration
Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
1. MEANING OF WAGE/ COMPENSATION PAYMENT: Wage is a monetary payment made by the employer to his employee for the work done or
services rendered. It is a monetary compensation for the services rendered [1]. A worker may be paid Rs. 100 per day or Rs. 4500 per month. This is
wage payment. The worker gives his services and takes payment called wage payment. Industrial workers are paid remuneration for their services
in terms of money called wage payment. Wages are usually paid in cash at the end of one day, one month or one week. Money wage is the monetary
compensation or price paid by the employer to his employee for the services rendered. Such compensation is also called wage or salary or reward ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is due to poverty, rising prices, mass unemployment and rising population. Wage payment indeed a vexatious problem and needs to be tackled
from economic, social and humanistic angles.
1.2 CONCEPT OF FAIR WAGES:
Fair wages is the wage which is above the minimum wage but below the living wage. Obviously the lower limit of the fair wage is the minimum wage
and the upper limit is set by the ability of the industry to pay. Between these two limits, fair wages should depend on the factors like – 1. Prevailing
rates of wages in the same occupation 2. Prevailing rates of wages in the same region or neighbouring areas 3. Employers ability to pay 4. Level of
national income and its distribution 5. Productivity of labour 6. Status enjoyed by the industry in the economy
Hence it can be said that fair wages are determined on industry cum region basis. When fair wages are paid employees enjoy higher standard of living.
It is accepted fact that wages must be fair and reasonable. Wages is fair when the employee is able to meet its essential needs and enjoy reasonable
standard of living. "Equal pay for equal work" serves as base of fair wage [4].
1.3 FACTORS INFLUENCING WAGE AND SALARY STRUCTURE [5] The organization's ability to pay:
Wage increases should be given by those organizations which can afford them. Companies that have good sales and therefore high profits tend to pay
higher wages than those which are

Lenovo Annual Report 12/13
Stock Code: 992
Journey from PC to PC+
2012/13 Interim Report Lenovo Group Limited
REDEFINING
IdeaPad Yoga
PC INNOVATION
ThinkPad Twist
This interim report is printed on environmentally friendly paper manufactured from elemental chlorine–free pulp Printed on chemistry free plate
system and soy ink
e A720 IdeaCentr
Lenovo, the Lenovo logo, ThinkPad, ThinkCentre, ThinkServer, IdeaPad, IdeaCentre, IdeaTab, Yoga, Twist, and "For Those Who Do." are trademarks
of Lenovo in the United States, other countries, or both. © 2012 Lenovo.
PC+ EVOLUTION
ACROSS FOUR SCREENS
CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT

Note Revenue Cost of sales Gross profit Other income/(loss) – net Selling and distribution expenses ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2 4,040,348 1,218,494 2,354,909 639,331 62,883 3,303,053 70,406 413,672 3,757,652 11,820,400 15,860,748
Current assets Inventories Trade receivables Notes receivable Derivative financial assets Deposits, prepayments and other receivables Income tax
recoverable Bank deposits Cash and cash equivalents
10(a)
11
1,539,765 2,880,241 771,198 39,932 3,382,149 70,004 421,899 3,453,405 12,558,593
Total assets
16,712,277
2012/13 Interim Report Lenovo Group Limited
5
CONSOLIDATEDBALANCE SHEET (continued)
Note Share capital Reserves Equity attributable to owners of the Company Non–controlling interests Put option written on non–controlling interest
Total equity Non–current liabilities Bank borrowings Warranty provision Deferred revenue Retirement benefit obligations Deferred income tax
liabilities Other non–current liabilities 15 13(c) 14
September 30, 2012 (unaudited) US$'000 32,969 2,335,658 2,368,627 237,643 (212,900) 2,393,370 300,000 288,801 415,431 211,481 88,917 936,975
2,241,605
March 31, 2012 (audited) US$'000 33,131 2,328,104 2,361,235 86,734 – 2,447,969 – 291,111 381,593 204,818 83,594 641,986 1,603,102 4,050,272
127,315 49,253 7,074,196 310,159 135,530 62,952 11,809,677 13,412,779 15,860,748 10,723 4,051,071
12(a)
13

Current liabilities Trade payables Notes payable Derivative financial liabilities Provisions, accruals and other payables Deferred revenue Income tax
payable Bank borrowings
10(b)
12
4,103,311 91,237

Financial Management Of Techtronic Industries Hong Kong Essay
Financial Management of Techtronic Industries Hong Kong Name Course Professor Institution City Date Executive Summary Techtronic
industries is a manufacturing company with its' headquarters in Hong Kong, the company was founded in 1985.The company has developed its
brand and position itself in china, as well as globally to be the leading manufacturing and research competences in Asia and also North America, as
well as a customer examining network in North America, Europe and Australasia. It employs almost over 16,000 people worldwide. It is a global
leading company in the design, manufacturing and also sale of home upgrading products, with sales in the year 2002 of US$1.2 B. Its major areas
of business are power tools, solar powered lighting, electronic measuring tools and floor care appliances. The company manufactures and trade
electrical and electronic appliance. This company has attained an average income growth of 33% yearly over the past 5 years. The company
operate in two segments floor care and appliances and also power equipment. It has been enumerated on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong since
1990, where it first issued its first IPO initial public offer to the general public. It is also listed in other bourse and boast a record Level 1 American
Depositary Receipt (ADR) programed through the Bank of New York. The current valuation for the company is based on the DCF valuation model
which assumes, valuation based a market risk–free rate of

Gdrs & Fccbs
Contents Global Depository Receipts2 Introduction2 What is an American Depository Receipt?3 Mechanism3 Types of ADRs/GDRs5 1.Unsponsored
ADRs/GDRs:5 2.Sponsored DRs:5 Why ADRs and GDRs?6 To the Investors6 To the Issuers6 FCCB
–Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds7
Introduction7 Explanation7 Features of FCCB8 Mexhanism/Regulations8 Criteria for issuing FCCBs8 Raising of funds through FCCB9 What
happens if FCCBs do not convert?11 Taxation11 Pricing norms for FCCBs12 FCCB issue by the Indian Companies need to conform to various
regulatory requirements12 Role of SEBI – Pre–issue and Post–issue requirements & Conditions to be fulfilled by the Issuer Company:13... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Types of ADRs/GDRs
ADRs can be classified into two broad categories: 1. Unsponsored ADRs/GDRs: In such DRs, the company (RIL in our case) has got no agreement
with the custodian or depository bank for the issuance of DRs. These are traded on the over–the–counter (OTC) market and are issued according to the
market demand forces.
Unsponsored DRs can be issued by a no. of depository banks. Each depository services only the DRs issued by it.
2. Sponsored DRs: These are the DRs which are sponsored by the company itself. In this case, the foreign company itself wants to issue DRs and it
does so by designating a depository bank that will issue DRs in the foreign market on its behalf. It is of the following types:
a) Level 1 Sponsored DRs: These are the lowest level of sponsored DRs. These are traded only on the OTC market. In case of ADRs, the company is
supposed to adhere to minimal US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requirements and is not required to publish reports in accordance to
US GAAP standards.
b) Level 2 Sponsored DRs: In level 2 DRs, the DRs are listed on a recognized stock exchange and can be traded thereafter. The stock exchanges in
which these DRs are usually traded are New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), NASDAQ, the American

Phar Mor Case
~ Case 6 Phar–Mor, Inc.: Accounting Fraud, Litigation, and Auditor Liability Mark S. Beasley, Frank A. Buckless, Steven M. Glover, Douglas F.
Prawitt LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completing and discussing this case, you should be able to . . Identify factors contributing to an environment
conducive to accounting fraud . Understand what factors may inappropriately influence the client–auditor relationship and auditor independence
Understand auditor legal liability issues related to suits brought by plaintiffs under both statutory and COmmonlaw INTRODUCTION In December
1995, the flamboyant entrepreneur Michael "Mickey" Monus, formerly president and chief operating officer (COO) of the deep–discount retail chain
PharMor, Inc., was... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Phar–Mor's prices were so low that competitors wondered how Phar–Mor could do it. Monus' strategy was to underse11Wal–Mart in each market
where the two retailers directly competed. Unfortunately, Phar–Mor's prices were so low that Phar–Mor began losing money. Unwi11ingto a11owthese
shortfa11sto damage Phar–Mor's appearance of success, Monus and his team began to engage in creative accounting so that PharMor never reported
these losses in its financial statements. Federal fraud examiners discerned later that 1987 was the last year Phar–Mor actua11ymade a profit. Investors,
relying upon these erroneous financial statements, saw Phar–Mor as an opportunity to cash in on the retailing craze. Among the big investors were
Westinghouse Credit Corp., Sears Roebuck & Co., ma11developer Edward J. de Bartolo, and the prestigious Lazard Freres & Co. Corporate Partners
Investment Fund. Prosecutors say banks and investors put $1.14 biUion into Phar–Mor based on the phony records. The fraud was ultimately
uncovered when a travel agent received a Phar–Mor check signed by Monus paying for expenses that were unrelated to Phar–Mor. The agent showed
the check to her landlord, who happened to be a Phar–Mor investor, IUnless otherwise noted, the facts and statements included in this case are based on
actual trial transcripts. Case 6 – Phar–Mor, Inc.: Accounting Fraud, Litigation, and Auditor Liability and he contacted Phar–Mor's chief

Gazprom
Gazprom and Itera: A Case Study in Russian Corporate Misgovernance "I'm going to tell you a war story–my war story," opened Browder. " It's one
that involves Gazprom, Itera, and PricewaterhouseCoopers. But I'm not a diplomat so this won't be diplomatic," he cautioned. As an investor, he
says he looks to find companies whose stock is cheap, and Gazprom is "by far the cheapest oil and gas company in the world," if one divides the
value of the company by its total reserves. Because the market discounts virtually the entire value of Gazprom with the assumption that 99% of its
assets are stolen, Gazprom's reserves trade at 10 cents for energy equivalent to one barrel of oil. (Exxon Mobil's reserves, by way of comparison, trade
at $13.80... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the face of this compelling information, PwC, incomprehensibly in Browder's mind, again equivocated, concluding that Gazprom actually benefited
from this arrangement because they saved scarce cash resources and would have been forced to raise debt financing when the interest rate reached
50%. But that defies basic economics, said Browder. Interest rates would have had to reach 1600% to justify selling gas at $2–$4 per 1000 m3 instead
of borrowing money. 3. Negotiations with Niyazov In Browder's third illustration of Gazprom's misdealings and PwC's misjudgment, Gazprom CEO
Rem Vyakhirev negotiated in December 1999 with Turkmenistan's president Niyazov on behalf of Itera. Under their agreement, Itera bought
Turkmen gas at $35.4 per 1000 m3 and resold it to Gazprom at $45 per 1000 m3, reaping an $87 million profit. PwC determined that this was roughly
equal to Itera's transportation costs, and thus Itera's profit was negligible. The truth, Browder stressed, was that Gazprom reimbursed Itera for its
transportation costs by a separate agreement so Itera simply pocketed the money. 4. Exports to Belarus Itera, furthermore, was the recipient of two gifts
from Gazprom, for which it gave no compensation whatsoever. The first, 35% of the Belarusian gas market–the third largest in the CIS, one worth
$500 million a year–accounted for a $99.7 million annual loss to Gazprom. PwC

Raising Money in U.S. Stock Markets
1. Is raising money in U.S. stock markets more – or less – difficult than in the rest of the world? To start, using the article that is cited for the class
is...well, dated at the very least. The United States has gone through at least a complete financial cycle since after the article was written. The tech bust
and then the quickly following tragedy of September 11, 2001 with the ensuing market meltdown were just the beginning. Just to put it into perspective,
"'During the last seven years, we 've had recession, 9–11, Rita, Katrina, two wars, the mutual fund scandal, the meltdown in subprime, Enron,
WorldCom and Martha Stewart.' According to Michael Arnow, director of financial planning in the Milwaukee office of SJA Financial
... Show more
Is it wise for a U.S. corporation to list its stock on foreign stock exchanges? What are the possible advantages and disadvantages of such a move?
Listing on a foreign exchange brings the added risks of uncertainty of the US dollar, trade embargoes, trade tariffs, foreign service fees, an entirely
different IRS reporting structure, and many other hurdles. If a company is big enough to have a financial management section headed by a CFO,
then it should not be very difficult to list on a foreign exchange with enough program management. The advantages of listing of a foreign exchange
include greater exposure, opportunities in foreign markets that might otherwise be unattainable, and higher profits. The disadvantages are much the
same as in the setup; recurring foreign taxes, trade margin fluctuations, and other foreign trade barriers. Overall, an ADR or move to forward
markets would, for a US based company, be a good move in the current economy. Exposure to foreign markets and currencies would translate back to
higher profits. For companies outside the US, moving in would be a short term fiasco between the weakening dollar, but in the long run an excellent
move because now is the time to get into the US "on the cheap". References Kathleen Gallagher (23 January). Don 't panic, experts say: Ride out
market volatility with diverse portfolio, they advise. McClatchy – Tribune Business News. Retrieved March 8,

Retail Banking of Axis Bank
Retail Banking
Of
Axis Bank
(Summer Internship Report) From 3rd June to 24th July
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my deep gratitude to AXIS Bank division, Kanpur for giving me this opportunity to do summer internship. I acknowledge the give and take
relationship wherein I could work diligently on the project assigned to me and contribute to the organization with my efforts and get essential credit to
my profile before I enter the corporate world.
I thank my project trainer "MR. ASHUTOSH VERMA" for giving me the opportunity to work on a project that holds strategies importance to the
organization.
Subsequently, I want to thank my faculty teacher MR. ANOOP SINGH SIR for generating... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Bank has developed a branch network which is built on customer–convenience and service, helping it particularly in the acquisition of low–cost
retail deposits, retail assets, lending to agriculture, SME and mid–corporate and facilitating the cross–selling of third–party products.
CONTENTS
S.no.Particulars.Page no.
1.Banking in India ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––7 – Early History
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 8 – Nationalized Bank In India –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 10 – Private
Banks –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 11
2.Axis Bank –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––13 – Company Description
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 14 – Profile –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 16 – Board of
Directors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 18
3.Retail Banking ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––20 – Introduction
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 20 – Segmentation of the saving Bank––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 24 – Wealth
Management ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 46 – Strategic Tie–ups –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 49 –

Internet Banking Channels –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 49 – Mobile Banking

SEC Form F-6 Analysis
SEC Form F–6 is required by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for registering certain securities of a foreign firm. It's used to register
shares represented by American depositary receipts (ADRs) issued by a depositary against the deposit of the securities of a foreign issuer. In short,
the form lists shares of foreign securities on a US exchange. However, price and liquidity deviates from the ADR's foreign counterpart since they trade
on two different exchanges. Form F–6 is issued in accordance with the Securities Act of 1933. SEC Form F–6 is also known as the Registration
Statement under the Securities Act of 1933 for depositary shares evidenced by American depositary receipts. This act, often referred to as the "truth in
securities"

An Analysis of the Choice Between Separated and Mixed...
An analysis of the choice between separated and mixed operation model for ICBC( London) Abstract: Since the fifth wave of Merge and Acquisition
in the 1990s, the global banking industries have developed towards the direction of large–scale, international and omnipotent banks. The mixed
operation of the commercial banks had already been the leading trend in the 21st century. With China's entrance into WTO at the end of last century, the
Chinese financial institutions, especially the Chinese bank industries, are destined to participate in the global economy and to face the keen
competition from the "financial conglomerate" of the western developed countries. The commercial banks still operate separately at present according
to the law.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The competition among commercial banks increased. Especially, after joining WTO, Chinese state–owned commercial banks face more direct threat
from foreign competition. However, China's "Commercial Bank Law" clearly provides the current business model of commercial banks is "separate
operation, separate supervision" (Qu and Sun, 2006). Also as the renovation of technology and the continuous development of the world's financial
markets, the various financial derivatives have been promoted. Meanwhile, the integration between different financial sectors gradually strengthened.
The original separated operation and supervision mechanism hinder the innovation of financial system and enhancement of service efficiency. ICBC
(London) is facing the level of competition in the financial sector will become more intense, which requires the development under the British FSA's
supervision. It must keep the pace of the international financial banks. That means the mixed operation will be the future development direction. To
reach this argument, this paper will be based on the primary and secondary data of operation performance of HSBC and ICBC operated in UK, and
analyze the result of comparison to conduct the appropriate choice of operation model for ICBC operating

Intern Essay
HSBC– we are the world's local bank
The Business/Organization
The HSBC Group is named after its founding member, The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, which was established in 1865 to
finance the growing trade between Europe, India and China. The inspiration behind the founding of the bank was Thomas Sutherland, a Scot who was
then working for the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company. He realized that there was considerable demand for local banking facilities
in Hong Kong and on the China coast and he helped to establish the bank which opened in Hong Kong in March 1865 and in Shanghai a month later.
Soon after its formation the bank opened agencies and branches around the world. Although that network reached ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Through an international network linked by advanced technology, including a rapidly growing e–commerce capability, HSBC provides a
comprehensive range of financial services: personal financial services; commercial banking; corporate, investment banking and markets; private
banking; and other activities.
HSBC conducts business in a wide variety of social and business cultures and in a broad range of political environments. As a commercial
organization, the governing objective is to provide a satisfactory return on their shareholdersВЎВ¦ capital. HSBC does this by having a talented and
motivated staff who offer their customers competitive services and products. They meet their financial obligations, invest to develop their business for
the future; and investments are made primarily on a financial basis, but with regard to the principles and values set by the company. HSBC has always
striven to maintain the highest ethical standards. HSBC articulates their commitment through the Statement of Business Principles and Values and their
support for the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the UN Global Compact and the Global Sullivan Principles. HSBCВЎВ¦s policy is not to
make contributions to political parties or partisan organizations. HSBC works co–operatively with host governments and regulators while remaining
politically neutral in all jurisdictions.
The HSBC Group is committed to five Core Business Principles through loyal and committed employees

Huaneng Power International Inc.
Question No. 1
You have been hired as an international investment banker by a large U.S. institutional investor who is considering purchasing HPI stock. Provide an
analysis of i) China as an investment destination, ii) key success factors, and iii) HPI's strengths and weaknesses.
China, officially the People's Republic of China is the world's largest country by population and one of the largest by area, measuring about the same
size as the United States. The country's varied terrain includes vast deserts, towering mountains, high plateaus, and broad plains. Beijing, located in the
north, is China's capital and its cultural, economic, and communications center. Shanghai, located near the Yangtze, is the most populous urban center,
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The need of a modern technology to improve the power's productivity b. The need of foreign capital

Mission Statement And Vision Statement Of Nike
Overview:
Nike Inc. is a very successful publicly traded sportswear and equipment company based in the United States. Nike is a multi–national and Fortune 500
company. It has reached achievements in their innovation in products that Nike has become one of the most recognized companies today and
companies dream to have what Nike has created. The main headquarters for the company is in the Portland metropolitan area near Beaverton, Oregon.
Nike leads the world in supplying athletic apparel and shoes. Nike shows how devoted they are in the satisfaction of their customer's needs that it
shines upon their mission statement and encompasses their vision. Nike ensures to go far and beyond expectations so that their customers receive
quality products and services. Nike was founded in 1964 as Blue Ribbon Sports, but goes back to the 1950's, and with their extensive history it only
adds up to its impressive reputation in the Sports industry. Mission and Vision Statements:
What is a mission and vision statement is what needs to be understood. Both have two purposes; the mission statement is what the company is doing
and what its main objective is, and the vision statement is what the company wants to become. From the beginning Nike knew what they wanted to
become and that was and is still to be the leader in the worldwide industry for sports apparel and athletic footwear. Nike focuses on producing the
highest and best quality in athletic apparel and shoes worldwide. Nike does not really have a vision statement. The company's growth through
innovation and leadership is how Nike sees itself. The company has a strong vision of growth in the future. Nike has a mission statement that lets
everyone know what the main objective is. "To bring inspiration and innovation to ever *athlete in the world." Founder Bill Bowerman defined athlete
the following way: "*If you have a body, you are an athlete."(Mission statement, Nike.com) That definition is the heart of Nike's business model and
has been the center point to their vision. They are saying that everyone in the world is athlete and they want to inspire and innovate every type of
demographic. Nike's view has been a critical to their spectacular growth to be a major global

Cross Listings On International Exchanges
The past few decades have witnessed the increased internationalization of various firms through cross–listings on international exchanges. This has
been facilitated by market liberalisation, which has led to greater integration of global securities markets. Cross–border listing has become one of the
avenues for the integration of global securities markets.
There are two forms of cross–border listing, namely, direct listing and indirect listing. Direct listing implies that the firm concerned offers ordinary
shares to the public. Indirect listing on exchanges is through Depository Receipts (DRs). Depository receipt is a negotiable certificate issued by a bank
in a domestic country that represent ownership of shares in companies of other countries. Cross listing, particularly through DRs such as American
Depositary Receipts (ADRs) or Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs), is a popular way of internationalization among firms from emerging economies. In
addition to Europe and America, international firms are allowed to cross list in other countries through the DR programme.
There could be several reasons for a domestic company to cross–list, such as an expanding investor base, the desire to improve stock liquidity through
its highly liquid secondary market, the increasing visibility of the company, a growing customer base, and the wish to take advantage of higher
valuations. From the perspective of investors, cross listing mitigates some of the

Disadvantages Of Insider Trading
The philosophy of a business reflects the business ethics and values followed by that business. Its primary objective is to find out the purposes of a
business. It is always a debatable topic on taking sides between business ethics and fiduciary reasonability. To follow business ethics sometimes may
lead to violation of fiduciary responsibility. But businesses of lately started giving more focus to incorporate ethical practices and value creation in
their operations. In today's world business and ethics are strongly connected. Ethics in general are practised by every individual in his/her own way.
Ethics are omnipresent, each and every decision, action, rational has some kind of ethics behind it.
Even Indian companies operate its business ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is a crime committed on the faith of an individual or entity put on an organisation. Insider trading has both positive and negative sides. It helps
disclose scams and irregularities which is its positive side. ICICI as a bank supports its positive side but give more emphasis on not getting involved in
insider trading negative side.
The negative side of insider trading is related to disclosing and divulging non–public information the bank contains. Information related to share prices
and future biddings affects the original values of these things if the information is known to a outside party. What is prohibited is the trading by an
insider in breach of a duty of trust or confidence in the stock of a company on the basis of non public information to the exclusion of others. Insider
trading violations may also include "tipping" such information and securities trading by the person "tipped".
ICICI bank ensures that its employees do not get involved in any insider trading activities. To protect the integrity of the group and its subsidies ICICI
bank makes sure that it does not support or involve in any kind of insider trading. It makes sure that non–public information regarding trade in
securities does not reach families or friends of any of its employees. ICICI bank placed the following methods to regulate the insider

Toyota Recall Essay
Financing the Toyota Recall. INTRODUCTION In May of 2006, The Toyota Motor Corporation initiated a recall of nearly one million vehicles
around the world to replace faulty parts that could cause drivers to lose control of the steering wheel. The recall affected vehicles across 10 models,
including the popular Prius. The intermediate shafts and sliding yokes in the recalled cars lacked the necessary strength and could distort or crack
under strong pressure, causing drivers to lose control of the steering wheel, according to Toyota (ConsumerAffairs.Com). Owners of these vehicles
were allowed to have these defects repaired at the cost of Toyota and required approximately on hour to complete (News.com.au).
BODY
Dealing with any ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The can utilize debt or equity financing. If they choose debt financing, they will need to generate capitol for the recall by borrowing the funds. These
funds will likely be obtained from a bank or the owner. It is important to note they could seek help from the government given the size of the recall
amount or even the general public via bond but these would be unlikely scenarios given there current cash position.
Essentially, debt financing offers Toyota loan opportunities to be considered a temporary investment with a stated return to the lenders. While the
term may be long or short, and potentially rolled over, it is important to note this avenue would prove less costly then equity financing. Given the
history and habit, if you will, of Toyota 's recall history, a short term loan rolled over as necessary would be realistic.
General capitol for the recall can be raised by providing ownership of the company through equity financing. The advantage of this is essentially, the
financing is forever, unless of course Toyota chose to buy back the stock. The greatest flexible advantage to Toyota with equity financing is of course
the payback period is endless. Some disadvantages to equity funding for Toyota is the higher cost versus debt financing and the clear fact they cannot
determine the return. The capitol appreciation of the stock and dividends, if paid, cannot be guaranteed, thus higher risk is a factor worthy of careful
consideration. Although

India Business Quiz
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– India Business Quiz : Questions with Answers 1. "We have learned that if we provide
people with an occasion & an excuse to shop, they will come" are the Golden words of whom? Ans: Kishore Bayani (The Chairman of Future
Group) 2. What is the Title of Auto Biography of JRD TATA? Ans: Beyond the Last Blue Mountain 3. What is the Title of Auto Biography of
Krishna Kumar Birla? Ans: Brushes with History 4. "It happened in India" is the Auto Biography of whom? Ans: Kishore Bayani (The Chairman of
Future Group) 5. "The End of Ecconomic Man" is the famous book written by whom? Ans: Peter F Drucker 6. "Imagining India" recently published
book authored by? Ans: Nandan M Neelakeni 7.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
IMF stands for International Machinery Fund International Monetary Fund Indian Machinery Fund Indian Monetary Fund3. SEC means.. Securities
& Exchange Commission Stock Exchange Commission Script Exchange Commission Special Exchange Commission4. NSE stands for National
Stock Exchange National Script Exchange Network of Stock Exchange Non Stock Exchange5. NYSE is is acronym for New York Stock Exchange
New York Scripts Exchange New York Special Exchange National York Securities Exchange6. NSDL stands for Network of Securities Depository
Limited Network of Stocks Directory Listing National Stock Directory Limited National Securities Depository Limited7. ADR stands for All
Depositary Receipt Asian Depositary Receipt African Depositary Receipt American Depositary Receipts8. In the context of Mutual Funds, SIP stands
for.. Systematic Investment Plan Scheduled Interest Plan Specific Insurance Plan Special Income Plan9. In the context of Mutual Funds, ELSS means
Endowment Linked Savings Scheme Equity Linked Savings Scheme Established Line Savings Scheme Entrepreneur Line Savings Scheme10. AMFI
stands for Association of Mutual Funds in India Arbitrated Mutual Funds India Arbitrated Monetary Funds India Associated Mega Finance of India| 1.
Financial Statements are reports on

515531 Essay

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