definition type Biological hazards fire and explosion hazards preventive measures safety measures gas hazards gas safety at work mechanical hazards dust hazards industrial pollution

1. Industrial hazards and plant
safety
BY
MD. MYNUL HASAN
SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

2. Industrial hazards and plant safety
 Industrial hazards maybe defined as any conditions produced by industries that
may cause injury or death to personnel or loss of product or property.
 Plant safety or Industrial safety is defined as policies or measures put in place to
ensure plant and factory workers protection from hazards that could cause injury.

3. Types of industrial hazards
Industrial hazards are of various types:
1.Biological hazards
2.Fire and explosion hazards
3.Electrical hazards
4.Chemical hazards
5.Gas hazards
6.Mechanical hazards
7.Dust hazards

4. Biological hazards:
1.A biological hazard is one originating from organism that is foreign to
the organism being affected.
2.Many biological hazards are associated with food including certain
viruses, parasites, fungi, bacteria and plant and seafood toxins.
3.Disease in human can come from biological hazards in the form of
infection by bacteria, antigent, car, plane, bus, viruses and parasites.

5. Fire and explosion hazards
Causes:
1.Overheating of electrical appliances
2.High surface temperatures
3.Sparkings
4.Flammable liquids and aerosols
5.Electrical wiring in poor condition
6.Carelessness

6. Preventive measures:
1.Not exceeding the maximum occupancy within any part of the building.
2. Maintaining proper fire exits and proper exit signage.
3.prohibiting flammable materials in certain areas of the facility.
4.smoking is prohibited in industrial premises.
5.donot wear nylon cloths at work place.
6.Each and every section of the industry should have fire extinguisher.Make
sure that all employees are familiar with fire extinguisher.

8. Safety measure
1.Fire extinguisher-Water(A),foam(A,B),dry chemical
powder(A,B,C,E),Co2(A,B,E),Wet
chemical(A,F),Metal(D)fire extinguisher.
2.Fire tenders-Water,Co2,dry chemical fire tenders.

9. Electrical hazards
Causes:
1.Contact with power lines.
2.The improper use of machinery or apparatus,electrical
outlets,electrical equipment(cables,power cords).
3.An overloaded circuit
4.The improper joints of two wires.

10. Preventive measures:
1.Use extension cords only for temporary purposes.
2.Do not use- any equipments or cords that have splices,3 to 2 prong
adapters,overloaded outlets,the power cord to move or carry apparatus.
3.indication of “DANGER SIGN’’at every high voltage terminal.

11. Safety measure
1.Regular checking of all equipment.
2.Electric gadgets should be repaired only by a qualified person.Electric wires or cords,if
faculty should never be used until repaired.
3.Disconnect electrical gadgets when not in use.
4.Never touch equipment with wet hands.
5.Avoid contact with energized electrical circuits.
6.Place rubber mats in front of electrical switch boards.
7.Use sand or blanket to control fire caused due to electrical accidents.
8.Proper cooling arrangement for heat-producing electrical equipment.

12. Chemical hazards
Chemical hazards may be caused by inhaling toxic fumes or direct contact with
corrosive or carcinogenic chemicals.
Effects:
1.irritants are materials that can cause inflammation of the body surface with
which they come in contact.(ex.-ozone)
2.Chemical asphyxiants render the body incapable of maintaining an adequate
oxygen supply.(ex.-carbon monoxide)
3.Depressant effect upon the central nervous system,particularly the brain.(ex.-
alcohols)
4.Hepatotoxic agents can cause damage to the liver.(ex.-carbon tetrachloride)
5.Nephrotoxic agents can damage the kidneys.(ex.-uranium compound)
6.skin burn,irritation in widepipe,ulcer in hand,nose etc,cancer.

13. Preventive measures:
1.Train employees to follow safe handling and application procedures for
maintenance.
2.Donot use excessive grease or lubricants on equipment.
3.Regularly re-evaluate all procedures to ensure they effectively remove
chemicals.
4.Ensure chemical container are clearly labeled and they are used for only
chemicals,store chemicals in designated areas away from food,ingredients and
packaging and restricted ingredients and additives are correctly measured(ex.-
Hexachlorophene).
5.Receive raw ingredients from reputable suppliers that effectively control
chemical hazards.

14. Safety measure
1.Respirator must be used in all gas storage places(specifically
chemical gas).
2.Body should be fully covered whenever people are interacting with
hazardous chemicals.
3.When skin burn happens due to chemicals use alkaline solution
always instead of water.

15. Gas hazards
Three major types of gas hazards:
1.Flammable materials:Risk of fire or explosion(ex.-methane)
2.Toxic:Risk of poisoning(ex.-hydrogen)
3.Asphyxiant gas:Risk of suffocation(ex.-Oxygen deficiency).Oxygen
can be consumed or displaced by another gas.

16. Gas safety at work
The gas safety(installation and use)regulations 1998 require the
following:
1.All gas appliances,pipe work and safety devices must be maintained in
a safe condition and be inspected by a competent person.
2.When a gas appliance is installed,it must be located in a position that is
easily accessible for use,inspection and maintenance.
3.Employers,the self-employed or anyone responsible for business
premises,must not allow a gas appliance to be used it may be dangerous.

17. Mechanical hazards:
Causes:
1.insecurely fixed machine.
2.Worn-out parts.
3.Dangerous parts.
4.Machinery with rotating parts can catch loose clothing,hands or hair,potentially causes serious
injuries.
5.Tools causes careless use of tools or use of tools in poor condition can cause injuries to the
hands,eyes,head and limbs.
6.Magnets causes large,powerful magnets or electromagnets can attract other magnets or
iron/nickel objects which can cause painful pinching of fingers or hands if caught between the
two.
7.Glassware causes any kind of glassware has the potential to break,thus creating the risk for cuts.

18. Preventive measures:
1.Ensure rotating shafts,belts and pulleys are covered by guards,lids
or covers.
2.Regularly check tools for defects or damage.
3.Inform peoples of this hazard before such magnets are used.
4.Wear goggles for eye protection.
5.Use heat-resistant glassware.

19. Safety measure
1.Guarding and fencing of moving machine parts.
2.Emergency shutdown button within reach to operator.
3.Turnkey system for cleaning and repairing.
4.Safe distance from machine.
5.Clean up any broken glass immediately and dispose of in a special
waste bin.

20. Dust hazards
How does dust hurt us?
1.chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)
2.Asthma
3.Cancers
4.Heart disease
5.Extrinsic allergic alveolitis(EAA)
Preventive measures:
1.Safe machinery and equipment
2.Safe procedures
3.Respirators

21. Industrial pollution:
1.Air pollution
2.Water pollution
3.Soil pollution
Importance of plant safety:
1.industrial or plant causes a great loss to both the employer and employee that’s it is
having importance.
2.Cost of-compensation,medical-aid,training a new worker,the lost
time,investigation,supervision and inspections,spoilage of materials,the damage of
machinery,wages of payable during injury,loss of morale,the workers and his family.
3.cost to the Govt. in terms of factory inspectors and public health services.