MSDS Orientation Guide

ORIENTATION ON MSDS

WELCOME TO MY PRESENTATION

Prepared & Presented By:
Md. Moynul Islam
B.Sc. in Chemical Engineering & Polymer Science
Shahjalal University of Science and Technology
Sylhet
Email: mdmoynul@yahoo.com
Date: September 22, 2011

Training Objectives
MSDS, HINTS FOR SURVIVAL

To be familiar with Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
To understand the importance of MSDS
To be familiar with different MSDS format
To be familiar with ANSI,NFPA, HMIS, HAZCOM ETC. ct
To be familiar with the safety signs about chemical hazard

CONTENT
Part-A
 Definition of MSDS
 Importance of MSDS
 Standard Format of MSDS
 How to Read an MSDS

Part-B
 Technical Terms Used in MSDS
Part-C
 Discussion

PART-A: Definition Of MSDS

A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is a well organized document
that contains all information about a given chemical.
It includes name, composition, hazards, first aid measures, fire fighting
measures, information regarding the proper steps to take with
spills, handling and storage, personal protection to be used, physical and
chemical properties, and information about stability &
reactivity, toxicology, disposal, transporting, and regulatory requirements.

MSDS is analogous to the manual of an instrument/equipment. Just look at the manual
of any household electronic item. What the manual contains? The manual contains the
Manufacturer Identity, Technical specification, Operating Instruction, Maintenance or
Trouble Shooting Instruction, Safety Instruction etc.

Every quality software must have well organized documentation or help desk which give
all information about the software. This is also analogous to the MSDS.
Just press F 1 key in your keyboard. You will get help supplied by the software producer.

PART-A: Importance Of MSDS

Please observe the picture carefully, then you will get a quick overview about the importance of
MSDS. All necessary tools and guidelines are clearly defined in MSDS to response in an
emergency situation

PART-A: Standard Formats Of MSDS

MSDS are available in different formats. Although the appearance
are different but the contents are almost same. We will discuss on
some of them which are most extensively followed by various
industry.

OSHA FORMAT
ANSI FORMAT
NFPA FORMAT
HMIS FORMAT
R & S PHRASES

PART-A: OSHA Standards For MSDS

The standards for MSDS specified by the Occupational Safety And
Health Administration (OSHA) is organized in 9 sections. These
are as follows:
Section I : Supplier Information
Section II : Hazardous Ingredients / Identity Information
Section III : Physical and Chemical Properties
Section IV : Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
Section V : Reactivity Data
Section VI : Health Hazard Data
Section VII : Precautions for Safe Handling and Use
Section VIII : Control Measures
Section IX : Shipping Information

PART-A: OSHA MSDS (Example)

Section I: Supplier Information

Section II: Hazardous Ingredients /
Identity Information

Section III: Physical and Chemical
Properties

Section IV: Fire and Explosion
Hazard Data

Section V: Reactivity Data

PART-A: OSHA MSDS (Example – cont’d)

Section VI: Health Hazard Data

Section VII: Precautions For Safe
Handling and Use

Section VIII: Control Measures

Section IX: Shipping Information

PART-A: ANSI Standards For MSDS

The standards for MSDS specified by the American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) is organized in 16 sections. These are
as follows:

SECTION 01 : PRODUCT & COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
SECTION 02 : COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
SECTION 03 : HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
SECTION 04 : FIRST AID MEASURES
SECTION 05 : FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
SECTION 06 : ACCIDENTAL REALESE MEASURES
SECTION 07 : INFORMATION ABOUT HANDLING AND STORAGE
SECTION 08 : EXPOSURE CONTROL / PERSONAL PROTECTION
SECTION 09 : PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
SECTION 10 : STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
SECTION 11 : TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
SECTION 12 : ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
SECTION 13 : DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
SECTION 14 : TRANSPORT INFORMATION
SECTION 15 : REGULATORY INFORMATION
SECTION 16 : OTHER INFORMATION

PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION 1 - 2)

SECTION 01 : PRODUCT & COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

SECTION 02 : COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION - 3)

SECTION 03 : HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION 4- 5)

SECTION 04 : FIRST AID MEASURES

SECTION 05 : FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION 6 - 7)

SECTION 06 : ACCIDENTAL REALESE MEASURES

SECTION 07 : INFORMATION ABOUT HANDLING AND STORAGE

PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION 8 )

SECTION 08 :
EXPOSURE CONTROL / PERSONAL PROTECTION

PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION 9 - 10 )

SECTION 09 : PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

SECTION 10 : STABILITY AND REACTIVITY


SECTION 11 : TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION 12-13 )

SECTION 12 : ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

SECTION 13 : DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

PART-A: ANSI MSDS (SECTION 14-15 )

SECTION 14 : TRANSPORT INFORMATION

SECTION 15 : REGULATORY INFORMATION


SECTION 16 : OTHER INFORMATION

PART-A: NFPA STANDARDS FOR MSDS

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has developed a system for indicating
the health, flammability and reactivity hazards of chemical in a diamond shaped
object called NFPA hazard rating diamond.

Fire Hazard

Health hazard 3 Reactivity Hazard

0 2

OX
Special Hazard

NFPA Hazard Rating Diamond

PART-A: NFPA HAZARD RATING

Colors represent kind of hazard
Fire Hazard • Red = fire
• Yellow = instability
• Blue
= health
• White = specific hazard
& personal protection

0 2
Numbers show degree of hazard
•
OX •
0 = Minimal
1 = Slight
Special Hazard • 2 = Moderate
• 3 = Serious
NFPA Hazard Rating Diamond • 4 = Severe



Fire Hazard
White = specific hazard
• OX = Oxidizer
• ACID = Acid
• ALK = Alkali
0 2
• COR = Corrosive
• W = Use no
OX water
Special Hazard • Other symbols:

NFPA Hazard Rating Diamond


0 = Minimal
1
1 = Slight
Health Hazard 3 3 2 = Moderate
Ox
3 = Serious
4 = Severe

Health Hazards
4 Very short exposure could cause death or serious residual injury even though prompt
medical attention was given.
3 Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury even though prompt
medical attention was given.
2 Intense or continued exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible
residual injury unless prompt medical attention is given.
1 Exposure could cause irritation but only minor residual injury even if no treatment is
given.
0 Exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary
combustible materials.


2
0 = Minimal
1 = Slight
Fire Hazard 1 3 2 = Moderate
Ox 3 = Serious
4 = Severe

Fire Hazards
Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal pressure and temperature, or is readily
4 dispersed in air and will burn readily.
Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient conditions.
3
Must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high temperature before ignition
2 can occur.
Must be preheated before ignition can occur.
1
Materials that will not burn.
0


2 0 = Minimal
1 = Slight
Reactivity 1 3
2 = Moderate
Ox 3 = Serious
4 = Severe

Reactivity
4 Readily capable of detonation or of explosive decomposition or reaction at normal
temperatures and pressures.
3 Capable of detonation or explosive reaction, but requires a strong initiating source or
must be heated under confinement before initiation, or reacts explosively with water.

2 Normally unstable and readily undergo violent decomposition but do not detonate.
Also: may react violently with water or may form potentially explosive mixtures with
water.
1 Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures or
may react with water with some release of energy, but not violently.

0 Materials that will not burn.


0 = Minimal
1
1 = Slight
Special Hazards 3 3 2 = Moderate
3 = Serious
W
4 = Severe

Special Hazards
OX This denotes an oxidizer, a chemical which can greatly increase the rate of
combustion/fire.
ALK This denotes an alkaline material, also called a base. These caustic materials have a pH
greater than 7.0
COR This denotes a material that is corrosive (it could be either an acid or a base).

ACID This indicates that the material is an acid, a corrosive material that has a pH lower than
7.0
W This indicates a potential hazard using water to fight a fire involving this material.

PART-A: HMIS STANDARDS FOR MSDS

Hazardous Material Identification System (HMIS) has developed a system for
indicating the health, flammability and reactivity hazards of chemical in a Color bar
called HMIS Color Bar.

Rating : 0 - 4

Rating : 0 - 4

Rating : 0 - 4

Letter : A - Z

HMIS Color Bar


Hazardous Material Identification System (HMIS) specified hazard ratings are almost
similar to that of the NFPA rating.

Colors represent kind of hazard
• Blue = Health
• Red = Flammability
• Orange =Physical Hazard
Rating : 0 - 4
• White = personal protection

Rating : 0 - 4
Numbers show degree of hazard
• 0 = Minimal
Rating : 0 - 4
• 1 = Slight
• 2 = Moderate
Letter : A - Z • 3 = Serious
• 4 = Severe
HMIS Color Bar


Hazardous Material Identification System (HMIS) specified Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) are as follows:

A safety glasses
B safety glasses and gloves
C safety glasses, gloves and an apron
D face shield, gloves and an apron
E safety glasses, gloves and a dust respirator
F safety glasses, gloves, apron and a dust respirator
G safety glasses, a vapor respirator
H splash goggles, gloves, apron and a vapor respirator
I safety glasses, gloves and a dust/vapor respirator
J splash goggles, gloves, apron and a dust/vapor respirator
K airline hood or mask, gloves, full suit and boots
L - Z custom PPE specified by employer

PART-A: R (Risk) & S (Safety) Phrases

Using R & S phrases is another shorthand form of MSDS, where the Letter R (say
R1, R 1,12,14 etc) followed by one or more numbers specifying the Risk factor for a
given chemical and the letter S (say S2, S11,12,18 etc) followed by one or more
number specifying the Safety guidelines for the given chemical.

R (Risk) Phrase Example:
R1 : Explosive When dry
R12 : Extremely flammable
R22 : Harmful if swallowed
And so on…

S (Safety) Phrase Example:
S2 : Keep out of the reach of children
S9 : Keep container in a well ventilated place
S39 : Wear eye / face protection
And so on…

PART-A: Reading the MSDS

ò Identity The chemical name, trade
name and manufacturers
name, address and emergency phone
number can be found here.
– Ingredients Includes: substance,
% content, CAS (Chemical Abstracts
Service)
Number, Classification, EINECS
(European Inventory of Existing
Chemical Substances)
– Hazards Identification Dangers for
humans and the environment such as:
Most important hazards & Specific hazards

ò First Aid gives instructions on what
to do in case of eye contact, skin
contact or ingestion

PART-A: Reading the MSDS(Cont’d)

– Fire Fighting Suitable extinguishing
media, Unsuitable extinguishing
media, Special hazards in fire,
Required special protective equipment
for fire-fighters
ò Accidental Release Measures/Spill
Clean-up Personal precautions,
Environmental precautions, Methods
for cleaning
ò Handling and Storage Exposure
Controls and Personal Protection
ò Information on proper PPE to use, how
to store and temperature limits


– Physical and Chemical Properties
Appearance, Odor, pH, Boiling point,
Melting point, Flashpoint, Explosive
properties, Vapor pressure, Relative
density, Solubility
– Stability and Reactivity Conditions
to avoid, Materials to avoid, Hazardous
decomposition products
– Toxicology Acute toxicity, Local
effects. Excessive exposure may affect
human health as follows: Skin contact,
Eye contact, Inhalation/ingestion.
– Ecological Information Lists any
dangers to the environment
ò Disposal Lists any special disposal
methods


ò Transport Information lists
codes indicating the dangers and the
type of transport which may be
needed
ò Regulations Lists any agency
that may regulate this product
– Other Information
Recommendations/restrictions,
Sources of key data used to compile
Safety Data Sheet

PART-B: TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN MSDS

MSDS is a data bank which contains numerous technical and non technical
information, keywords etc about a chemical. To understand the language of MSDS,
one should be familiar with following basic technical terms/keywords which are
frequently used in MSDS of all formats.

How chemical can enter in our body?

The three ways by which chemical can enter in our body:

1. Absorption (By Skin and Eye Contact): Skin and eye contact with hazardous chemicals can
cause vision problems or blindness, burns, rashes, allergies, and other reactions.
Some chemicals can even get into the bloodstream and poison you through the skin
2. Inhalation: Inhaling hazardous chemicals can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea,
unconsciousness, asphyxiation, even death. There is also a risk of damage to your
lungs, throat or respiratory system.

3. Swallowing / Ingestion: Swallowing hazardous chemicals can poison you to damage
your internal organs. If you forget to wash up before eating or smoking, you may
swallow a tiny amounts of chemicals and eventually become poisoned.

PART-B: TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN MSDS (Cont’d)

Acute Health Effect: An adverse effect on a human or animal body with symptoms that develop
immediately and persist short to long period. As burning, sudden illness etc.

Chronic Health Effect: An adverse effect on a human or animal body with symptoms that develop
slowly over a long time period and persist or that recur frequently. As cancer and other diseases,
allergic reactions, or reproductive problems usually take a long time to develop.

Acute Exposure: Exposure of short duration, usually to relatively high concentrations or amounts of
material.

Chronic Exposure: Continuous or intermittent exposure extending over a long time period, usually
applies to relatively low material amounts or concentrations.

Chronic Toxicity: A material's property that produces chronic health effects (see above), usually
resulting from repeated doses of or exposure to the material over a relatively prolonged time period.
Ordinarily used to denote effects noted in experimental animals.

Carcinogen: A material that either causes cancer in humans, or, because it causes cancer in
animals, is considered capable of causing cancer in humans.

Cryogenic: Relating to extremely low temperatures as for refrigerant gases

Ceiling Limit, C: The concentration not to exceed at any time. "An employee„s exposure [to a
hazardous material] shall at no time exceed the ceiling value" (OSHA).


Flash Point :
Lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid gives off sufficient vapor to form an ignitable
mixture with air near its surface or within a vessel and ignite momentarily but cant sustain the flame
is called the flash point.

Flammable:
Describes any solid, liquid, vapor, or gas that ignites easily and burns rapidly. Both NFPA and DOT
generally define flammable liquids as having a flash point below 38ºC (100ºF)

Symbols for Flammable Gas or Liquids:


Combustible:
A term the NFPA, DOT, and others use to classify certain materials with low flash points that ignite
easily. Both NFP A and DOT generally define combustible liquids as having a flash point of 38ºC
(100ºF) but below 93.3ºC (200ºF)

Spontaneously Combustible:
A material that ignites as a result of retained heat from processing, or which will oxidize to generate
heat and ignite, or which absorbs moisture to generate heat and ignite.

Symbols for Combustible and Spontaneously Combustible Materials:


Oxidizer:
Oxidizer. The DOT defines an oxidizer or oxidizing material as a substance that yields oxygen
readily to stimulate the combustion (oxidation) of organic matter. Chlorate (CIOI23), permanganate
(Mn04), and nitrate (NO) compounds are examples of oxidizers. Note that they all contain large
amounts of oxygen (0).

Symbol for oxidizer Symbols for Corrosive Symbols for
Radioactive

Corrosive:
A chemical that causes visible destruction of or irreversible alterations in living tissue by chemical
action at the site of contact, or that causes a severe corrosion rate in steel or aluminum.

Radioactive:
Substances may cause the source of irreversible radioactive chemical reaction emitting various
harmful radiation.


Irritant:
A chemical, which is not corrosive, but which causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living
tissue by chemical action at the site of contact.

Symbols for Irritant Symbol for Irritant Symbols for Explosive Material

Harmful:
Substances in contact with human body cause acute or chronic damage to health. Especially
carcinogenic, teratogenic or mutagenic associated substances. There is a risk of sensitization by
inhalation

Explosive:
A material that produces a sudden, almost instantaneous release of pressure, gas, and heat when
subjected to abrupt shock, pressure, or high temperature.


Toxic Substance:
Any chemical or material that: 1) has evidence of an acute or chronic health hazard and 2) is listed
in the NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS), provided that the
substance causes harm at any dose level; causes cancer or reproductive effects in animals at any
dose level; has a median lethal dose (LD50) of less than 500 mg/kg of body weight when
administered orally to rats; has a median LD50 of less than 1000 mg/kg of body weight when
administered by continuous contact to the bare skin of albino rabbits; or has a median lethal
concentration (LD50) in air of less than 2000 ppm by volume of gas vapor, or less than 20 mg/L of
mist, fume, or dust when administered to albino rats.

Symbol for Toxic Substances Dangerous for Environment

Dangerous for Environment:
Substances produce various things into aquatic and non aquatic environments causing the damage
to the ecosystems.


Asphyxiant:
A vapor or gas that can cause unconsciousness or death by suffocation (lack of oxygen). Most
simple asphyxiants are harmful to the body only when they become so concentrated that they
reduce (displace) the available oxygen in the air (normally about 21%) to dangerous levels (18% or
lower). Examples of simple asphyxiants are carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, and helium.
Chemical asphyxiants like carbon monoxide (CO) reduce the blood's ability to carry oxygen, or like
cyanide, interfere with the body's utilization of oxygen.

Symbol for Asphyxiant Symbols for Carcinogen Symbol for Mutagen

Carcinogen:
A material that either causes cancer in humans, or, because it causes cancer in animals, is
considered capable of causing cancer in humans.

Mutagen:
A substance or agent capable of altering the genetic material in a living cell.


PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit or OSH PEL):
Established by OSHA. The permissible exposure limit (PEL or OSHA PEL) is a legal limit for exposure of an
employee to a chemical substance or physical agent. This may be expressed as a time weighted average
(TWA) limit, short-term exposure limit (STEL), or as a ceiling exposure limit. A ceiling limit must never be
exceeded instantaneously even if the TWA exposure limit is not violated. OSHA PELs have the force of law.
Note that ACGIH TLVs and NIOSH RELs are recommended exposure limits.

TWA : Time Weighted Average is the average exposure over a specified period of time, usually a nominal eight hours.
STEL : Short-Term Exposure Limit is one that addresses the average exposure over a 15-30 minute period of maximum exposure during a single work shift.
CL : Ceiling Limit is one that may not be exceeded for any period of time, and is applied to irritants and other materials that have immediate effects.
AL : Action Level is the exposure level (concentration in air) at which OSHA regulations to protect employees takes effect (29 CFR 1910.1001-1047)

PPE (Personal protective equipment):
Devices or clothing worn to help insulate a worker from direct exposure to hazardous materials. Example
include gloves and respirators.

TLV (Threshold Limit Value):
A term used to express the airborne concentration of a material to which most workers can be exposed
during a normal daily and weekly schedule without adverse effects. ACGIH expresses TLV s in three ways: 1)
TLV TWA, the allowable time weighted average concentration for a normal 8-hour workday or 40-hour week;
2) TLV STEL, the short-term exposure limit or maximum concentration for a continuous exposure period of 15
minutes (with a maximum of four such periods per day, with at least 60 minutes between exposure
periods, and provided that the daily TLV- TWA is not exceeded); and 3) Ceiling (C), the concentration not to
exceed at any time.


Exposure Limit :
The concentration in workplace air of a chemical deemed the maximum acceptable. This means that most
workers can be exposed at given levels or lower without harmful effects. Exposure limits in common use are:
1) TLV-TWA (threshold limit value-timeweighted average); 2) STEL (short-term exposure limit); and 3) C
(ceiling value).

ACGIH TLVs :
Established by OSHA. The permissible exposure limit (PEL or OSHA PEL) is a legal limit for exposure of an
employee to a chemical substance or physical agent. This may be expressed as a time weighted average
(TWA) limit, short-term exposure limit (STEL), or as a ceiling exposure limit. A ceiling limit must never be
exceeded instantaneously even if the TWA exposure limit is not violated. OSHA PELs have the force of law.
Note that ACGIH TLVs and NIOSH RELs are recommended exposure limits.

TLV (Threshold Limit Value):
A term used to express the airborne concentration of a material to which most workers can be exposed
during a normal daily and weekly schedule without adverse effects. ACGIH expresses TLV s in three ways: 1)
TLV TWA, the allowable time weighted average concentration for a normal 8-hour workday or 40-hour week;
2) TLV STEL, the short-term exposure limit or maximum concentration for a continuous exposure period of 15
minutes (with a maximum of four such periods per day, with at least 60 minutes between exposure periods,
and provided that the daily TLV- TWA is not exceeded); and 3) Ceiling (C), the concentration not to exceed at
any time.


Toxicity Dose Terms LD50 and LC50:
In toxicology, the median lethal dose, LD50 (abbreviation for “Lethal Dose, 50%”), LC50 (Lethal
Concentration, 50%) or LCt50 (Lethal Concentration & Time) of a toxin, radiation, or pathogen is the
dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration. LD50
figures are frequently used as a general indicator of a substance's acute toxicity.
Route of Exposure Conclusion / Remarks
Inhalation
Toxicity (Rat): LC50 > 5000
Minimally Toxic. Based on test data for structurally similar materials.
mg/m³
Negligible hazard at ambient/normal handling temperatures. Based on assessment of
Irritation: Data available.
the components.
Ingestion
Toxicity (Rat): LD50 > 2000
mg/kg
Skin
Toxicity (Rabbit): LD50 > 2000
mg/kg
Negligible irritation to skin at ambient temperatures. Based on test data for
Irritation: Data available.
structurally similar materials.
Eye
Irritation (Rabbit): Data May cause mild, short-lasting discomfort to eyes. Based on test data for structurally
available. similar materials.


Other Commonly Used Toxicity Dose Terms:
LLD01 : Lethal dose for 1% of the animal test population
D100 : Lethal dose for 100% of the animal test population
LDLO :The lowest dose causing lethality
TDLO : The lowest dose causing a toxic effect

Toxicity Comparison:
In general, the smaller the LD50 value, the more toxic the chemical is. The opposite is also true: the larger the LD50 value,
the lower the toxicity. The LD50 gives a measure of the immediate or acute toxicity of a chemical in the strain, sex, and
age group of a particular animal species being tested. Changing any of these variables (e.g., type animal or age) could
result in finding a different LD50 value. The LD50 test was neither designed nor intended to give information on long-term
exposure effects of a chemical. Once you have an LD50 value, it can be compared to other values by using a toxicity
scale. The two most common scales used are the "Hodge and Sterner Scale" and the "Gosselin, Smith and Hodge
Scale". It is also important to know that the actual LD50 value may be different for a given chemical depending on the
route of exposure (e.g., oral, dermal, inhalation)

For example, some LD50s for dichlorvos, an insecticide commonly used in household pesticide strips, are listed below:
Oral LD50 (rat) : 56 mg/kg
Dermal LD50 (rat) : 75 mg/kg
Intraperitoneal LD50 : (rat) 15 mg/kg
Inhalation LC50 (rat) : 1.7 ppm (15 mg/m3); 4-hour exposure
Oral LD50 (rabbit) : 10 mg/kg
Oral LD50 (pigeon) : 23.7 mg/kg
Oral LD50 (rat) : 56 mg/kg
Oral (mouse) : 61 mg/kg
Oral (dog) : 100 mg/kg
Oral (pig) : 157 mg/kg

PART-C: Hodge and Sterner Scale

Table 1: Toxicity Classes: Hodge and Sterner Scale

Routes of Administration

Oral LD50 Inhalation LC50 Dermal LD50

Exposure of Single
Toxicit Rats application to Probable Lethal
Commonly
y single dose to for 4 hours skin of rabbits Dose
Used Term
Rating rats for Man
(mg/kg) (ppm) (mg/kg)
1 grain (a taste, a
1 Extremely Toxic 1 or less 10 or less 5 or less
drop)
2 Highly Toxic 1-50 10-100 5-43 4 ml (1 tsp)

3 Moderately Toxic 50-500 100-1000 44-340 30 ml (1 fl. oz.)

4 Slightly Toxic 500-5000 1000-10,000 350-2810 600 ml (1 pint)

5 Practically Non-toxic 5000-15,000 10,000-100,000 2820-22,590 1 litre (or 1 quart)
6 Relatively Harmless 15,000 or more 100,000 22,600 or more 1 liter (or 1 quart)

Back

PART-C: Gosselin, Smith and Hodge Scale

Table 2: Toxicity Classes: Gosselin, Smith and Hodge

Probable Oral Lethal Dose (Human)

Toxicity Rating or Class Dose For 70-kg Person (150 lbs)

Less than 5
6 Super Toxic 1 grain (a taste - less than 7 drops)
mg/kg

5 Extremely Toxic 5-50 mg/kg 4 ml (between 7 drops and 1 tsp)

4 Very Toxic 50-500 mg/kg 30 ml (between 1 tsp and 1 fl ounce)

3 Moderately Toxic 0.5-5 g/kg 30-600 ml (between 1 fl oz and 1 pint)

2 Slightly Toxic 5-15 g/kg 600-1200 ml (between 1 pint to 1 quart)

1 Practically Non-Toxic Above 15 g/kg More than 1200 ml (more than 1 quart)

Back

PART-C: Gosselin, Smith and Hodge Scale

Hazard Communication(HAZCOM):
Requires chemical manufacturers and importers to assess the hazards associated with the materials in their
workplace (29 CFR 1910.1200). Material safety data sheets, labeling, and training are all results of this law.

Engineering Controls:
Engineering control systems reduce potential hazards by isolating the worker from the hazard or by removing
the hazard from the work environment. Methods include substitution, ventilation, isolation, and
enclosure. This is preferred over administrative controls and personal protective equipment.
Incompatible:
Describes materials that could cause dangerous reactions and the release of energy from direct contact with
one another.

Chemical Compatibility Chart:
A chart which give instruction about chemical storage system. This chart contains possible reaction/effect
while mixing two or more chemical.

Back

PART-C: Chemical Compatibility Chart

Chemical Group
1 Acids, Mineral, Non-ox idizing 1
Acids, Mineral, Ox idizing
Md. Moynul Islam
2 2 CHEMICAL COMPATIBILITY CHART
3 Acids, Organic G,H 3 Chemical Engineer
4 Alcholos, Gly cols H H,F H,P 4 Modified from: EPA's Chemical Compatibility Chart, April, 1980,
5 Aldehy des H,P H,F H,P 5 A Method for Determining the Compatibility of Chemical Mixtures,
H
6 Amides H
GT
6 EPA-600/2-80-076.
H Please Not e: This char is int ended as an indicat ion of t he some hazards t hat can be expect ed on mixing chemical wast es. B ecause of t he dif f ering act ivit ies of
7 Amines, Aliphatic and Aromatic H
GT
H H 7 t housands of compounds t hat may be encount ered. It is not possible t o make any chart def init ive and all inclusive. It can not be assumed t o ensure compat ibilit y
H of wast es because wast es are not classif ied as hazardous on t he chart , nor do any blanks necessarily mean t hat t he mixt ure can not result in a hazardous
8 A zo, Diazo Compounds & Hydrazines H,G GT
H,G H,G H 8 occuring. Det ailed inst ruct ions as t o hazards involved in handling and disposing of any given wast e should be obt ained f rom t he originat or of t he wast e.
H
9 Carbamates H,G
GT
H,G 9 CODE & CONSEQUENCE
10 Caustics H H H H H,G 10 H :H eat Generation
11 Cy anides GT GT GT
G 11 F :F ire
GF GF GF
H,F H,F H,GT GT G :Innocuous non-flmmable gas generation
12 Dithiocarbamates GF GF GF GF
U H,G 12
GT:T oxic G as formation
13 Esters H H,F H,G H 13
GF:F lammable G as formation
14 Ethers H H,F 14
E :E xplossion
15 Fluorides, Inorganics GT GT GT 15
P :Violent P olymerization
16 Hy drocarbons, Aromatics H,F 16
S :S olubilization of toxic substance
H H,F H H
17 Halogenated Organics GT GT GT
H,G
GF
H 17
U :May be hazardous, but U nknown
H,F H,P
18 Isocy anates H,G
GT
H,G H,P H,P H,G
G
H,G U 18
19 Ketones H H,F H,G H H 19
GT H,F
20 M ercaptans & Other Organic Sulfides GF GT
H,G 20
H H,GF H
21 M et als, A lkali & A lkaline Eart h, Element al H,F
GF
H,F H,F
GF GF
H,F
GF
H,F
GF
H
GF
H
GF
H
GF
H
GF
H
GF GF GT GF
H,E
H
GF
H
GF
H
GF
21
Met als, Ot he Element al & Alloys as powder s H,F H,F H,F H H H,F
22 Vapor s or sponges GF GF
G,F
GT
U
GF
H,E
GF GF
22
M et als, Ot he Element al & A lloys H,F H,F H,F
23 sheet s, GF GF G
H,F 23
24 M et als & M et als Compounds, Toxic S S S S S S 24
H,F H,F H H,E H H H H H H H
25 Nitrides GF E GF GF GF
U H,G U
GF GF GF GF
U
GF GF
E 25
H,GT H,F H
26 Nitriles GF GT
H U H,P S
GF
26
H,F H,E H,E
27 Nitro Compounds, Organic GT
H H,E
GF GF
27
28 Hydrocarbons, A liphat ic, Unsat urat ed H H,F H H,E 28
29 Hydro carbo ns, A liphatic, Saturated H,F 29
H H,F H,F H,E H,F H,F H,E H,P
30 Peroxides & Hydroperoxides, Organic H, G H,E H,F H,G
GT E GT GT GT
H,E H E
GT
H,E H,G H,G
GF GT
H,P 30
H H
31 Phenols and Cresols H H,F H,G H,P GF GF
H 31
Organophosphat es, Phosphot hioat es H H H
32 Phosphodiot hioat es GT GT
U H,E
GF
U 32
GT H,F H
33 Sulfides, Inorganic GF GF
GT H E H GT
33
34 Epox ides H,P H,P H,P H,P U H,P H,P H,P H,P U H,P H,P H,P H,P H,P H,P H,P U H,P 34
Combust ible and Flammable Mat er ials H,F H,F H,F H,F
35 Miscellaneous H,G
GT G GF GT
35
36 Ex plosiv es H,E H,E H,E H,E H,E H,E H,E H,E H,E E E H,E H,E H,E H,E H,E 36
37 Poly merizable Compounds P,H P,H P,H P,H P,H P,H U P,H P,H P,H P,H P,H P,H P,H P,H P,H 37
H H H,F H,F H,F H,F H,E H,F H H,F H,F H,F H,F H,F H,F H,F H,F H,F H,F H,F
38 Ox idizing Agents, Strong GT GT
H,F
GF GT GT
H,E
GT GT GT
H,F H,F H,F
GT GT
H,F
GT E E
H,F
E GT
H,E H,F H,F H,G H,F
GT GT G G
H,E
GT
38
H H,F H H,F H,F H H H,F H H H H H H, GT H H,P H,F
39 Reducing Agents, Strong GF GT GF GF GF GF
H,G
GT
H,F
E
H,E
GF GF GF GF
H,E H,E
GF GF
H
GF
H,E
GF E
39
H H H GT GT
40 Water and Aqueous Mix tures H H G H,G
GF GF
S
GF GF GF
40

41 Water Reactive Substances <<<<<<Extremely Reactive - Do Not Mix With Any Chemical! - Extremely Reactive>>>>> 41
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41

PART-C: LD50 and LC50 Test Procedure

In nearly all cases, LD50 tests are performed using a pure form of the chemical. Mixtures are
rarely studied.

The chemical may be given to the animals by mouth (oral); by applying on the skin (dermal); by
injection at sites such as the blood veins (i.v.- intravenous), muscles (i.m. - intramuscular) or into
the abdominal cavity (i.p. - intraperitoneal).

The LD50 value obtained at the end of the experiment is identified as the LD50 (oral), LD50 (skin),
LD50 (i.v.), etc., as appropriate. Researchers can do the test with any animal species but they use
rats or mice most often. Other species include dogs, hamsters, cats, guinea-pigs, rabbits, and
monkeys. In each case, the LD50 value is expressed as the weight of chemical administered per
kilogram body weight of the animal and it states the test animal used and route of exposure or
administration; e.g., LD50 (oral, rat) - 5 mg/kg, LD50 (skin, rabbit) - 5 g/kg. So, the example "LD50
(oral, rat) 5 mg/kg" means that 5 milligrams of that chemical for every 1 kilogram body weight of the
rat, when administered in one dose by mouth, causes the death of 50% of the test group.

If the lethal effects from breathing a compound are to be tested, the chemical (usually a gas or
vapour) is first mixed in a known concentration in a special air chamber where the test animals will
be placed. This concentration is usually quoted as parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per cubic
metre (mg/m3). In these experiments, the concentration that kills 50% of the animals is called an
LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50) rather than an LD50. When an LC50 value is reported, it should also
state the kind of test animal studied and the duration of the exposure, e.g., LC50 (rat) - 1000 ppm/ 4
hr or LC50 (mouse) - 5mg/m3/ 2hr.

PART-C: To be continue

This presentation is under development.

Most of the presentation materials of this presentation are collected from internet. This is not for any
business purpose. I am just trying to arrange them for better learning. for any suggestion please reach me via
mdmoynul@yahoo.com

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