SULPONATING HAZARD, ORGANI SOLVENT HAZARD, CONTROL MEASURES FOR CHEMICAL HAZARD

1. Presenter:
Amruta Balekundri
M.Pharm 2ND semester,
Department of Pharmaceutical Quality
Assurance,
KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi.
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2. Contents
• Introduction to chemical hazard
• Sulphonating Hazard
• Organic solvent hazard
• Control Measure for chemical hazards
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3. Chemical hazards
• A chemical hazard is a type of occupational hazard caused
by exposure to chemicals in the workplace. Exposure
to chemicals in the workplace can cause acute or long-term
detrimental health effects.
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4. Types of Chemical Hazards
• Irritant chemicals
• Sensitizers
• Toxic Chemicals
• Asphyxiates
• Anesthetic and Narcotic
• Systematic poisons
• Respiratory fibro gens
• Carcinogens
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5. Sulphonating hazard
• The introduction of sulphonic acid group in benzene ring is
called sulphonation.
• When benzene is heated with fuming sulphuric acid or
concentrated sulphuric acid it yields benzene sulphonic acid.
• The sulphonating hazard is due to the corrosive natur of six-
membered ring structure and fumes of Sulphur trioxide.
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6. Ethyl methanesulfonate
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• Ethyl methanesulfonate is sulphonating agent.
• Ethyl methanesulfonate is a mutagenic, teratogenic, and
carcinogenic organic compound.
• It produces random mutations in genetic material by
nucleotide substitution

7. Organic Solvent Hazard
• ORGANIC SOLVENTS are one of the most trivialized
hazards. They are used for a million purposes in chemical
reactions.
• Some of the regularly used organic solvents are Acetone,
Acetonitrile, Cyclohexane, and Ethanol, Methyl alcohol,
Toluene and xylene.
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8. • Almost every organic solvent is health hazard if swallowed or
inhaled more than the listed quantity. Most of the organic
solvents are skin irritants if came contact with the skin.
• The Impact will be based on the Concentration of the solvent
and duration of exposure and the toxicity of the solvent.
• Signs and symptoms suggestive of CNS involvement range
from headaches, tiredness, and dizziness to behavioural
changes, unconsciousness, and death.
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9. Acetonitrile
• Acetonitrile is a harmful substance that has unfriendly
wellbeing impacts and can prompt Death.
• The potential for Acetonitrile danger relies on upon the sum,
course, time and recurrence of exposure;
• By inward breath of Acetonitrile vapors or by the retention of
the fluid or vapors through the skin and eyes the introduction
occurs in human body.
• Indications are typically stomach torment, writhing’s, worked
breathing, shortcoming, obviousness and redness in the skin
and eyes
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10. Toluene
• The CNS is the primary target organ for toluene toxicity in
both humans and animals for acute and chronic exposures.
• The individuals exposed to toluene for longer durations suffer
CNS disorders and narcosis showing following symptoms
Headache, Nausea, and drowsiness. Exposure at higher
concentrations result Cardiac arrhythmia.
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11. Xylene
• Xylene is a toxic aromatic hydrocarbon widely used
pharmaceutical industries and research agencies as solvent.
• Xylene threshold limit value in the working environment is
100ppm.Xylene vapour is absorbed rapidly through the lungs,
and xylene liquid and vapour are absorbed slowly through the
skin.
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12. Control methods for chemical hazards
A. Designated Area
B. Engineering Controls –
1. Dilution Ventilation
2. Local Exhaust Ventilation
3. Fume Hoods
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13. Control methods for chemical hazards
C. Work Practice Controls
1. Chemical Transportation
2. No Eating, Drinking and Smoking
3. Pipetting( No oral pippetting)
4. Personal Hygiene
5. Housekeeping
D . Standard Operating Procedure
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14. Control methods for chemical hazards
E. Personal Protective equipments
Examples:-
• Protective clothing
• Gloves
• Eye Protection
• Respirators
• Face Shields
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15. Management of Over Exposure to Chemicals:
• Removal from Exposure
• Resuscitation
• Decontamination
• Symptomatic Treatment.
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16. Chemical Safety: Ten Basic Rules
1.Know the hazards of chemicals in use.
2.Label all chemicals & their waste properly.
3.Use PPE while handling hazardous chemicals.
4.Work with volatile & hazardous chemicals in a fume hood.
5.Store flammables properly.
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17. Chemical Safety: Ten Basic Rules
6.Do not work alone with hazardous chemicals.
7.Maintain clear access to exits, showers & eyewashes.
8.Keep work areas free to clutter.
9.Wash promptly when chemical contacts skin.
10.Do not eat, drink, and apply cosmetics in lab.
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18. References
•PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING UNIT OPERATIONS PART 2
BY- C.V.SUBRAMANYAM.EDITION 2
• ASIAN JOURNAL OF PAHERMACEUTICAL AND CLINICAL
RESEARCH ,Vol 11, Issue 2, 2018 Online - 2455-3891 Print - 0974-2441
CHEMICAL HAZARDS IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: AN
OVERVIEW PRINCY AGARWAL*, ANJU GOYAL, RAJAT VAISHNAV
• http://www.rroij.com/open-access/health-hazards-of-organic-
solvents.php?aid=57418 for organic solvent
• https://studylib.net/doc/13197366/chemical-hazards---
recognition--evaluation-and-control
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