plant layout, utilities, services, mechanical hazards, chemical hazards, fire hazards, explosive hazards, safety

1. INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS
AND PLANT SAFETY
Parag Jain
Assistant Professor
Chhattrapati Shivaji Institute
of Pharmacy
Durg, Chhattisgarh
Presented by

2. INDUSTRIAL HAZARD
Industrial hazards may be defined as any
conditions produced by industries that may
cause injury or death to personnel or loss of
product or property.
Industrial hazards are of various types
Fire and explosion hazards
Chemical hazards
Mechanical hazards

3. FIRE ANDEXPLOSIONHAZARDS

4. CAUSES
Electrical systems that are overloaded, resulting in hot wiring or
connections
Combustibles near equipment that generates heat, flame, or
sparks.
Flammable liquids and aerosols
Electrical wiring in poor condition
Batteries
Smoking in the factory premises by workers.

5. PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Not exceeding the maximum occupancy within any
part of the building.
Maintaining proper fire exits and proper exit signage
(e.g., exit signs pointing to them that can function in a
power failure).
Prohibiting flammable materials in certain areas of the
facility.
Smoking is prohibited in industrial premises.

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Don’t wear nylon cloths at work place .
Each and every section of the industry should
have fire extinguisher .
Make sure that all employees are familiar with fire
extinguisher.

7. FIRE CLASSES
Class A fires involve organic solids such as paper and wood.
Class B fires involve flammable or combustible liquids,
including petrol, grease, and oil.
Class C fires involve flammable gases.
Class D fires involve combustible metals.
Class E Fires involving ELECTRICAL APPARATUS
Class F fires involve cooking fat and oil.

8. SAFETY MEASURES
1. Fire extinguisher
Types of fireextinguisher
➢ Water fire extinguisher
➢ Foam fire extinguisher

9. ➢ Dry chemical powder ➢ co2 fireextinguisher

10. ➢ wet chemical fire extinguisher ➢ metal fire extinguisher

11. Use of fireextinguisher
Types of fire
extinguisher
CLASS
A
CLASS
B
CLASS
C
CLASS
D
CLASS
E
CLASS
F
WATER √
FOAM √ √
DCP √ √ √ √
co2 √ √ √
WET CHEMICAL √ √
METAL √

12. 2. Fire tenders
Types of firetenders
➢ Water fire tender

13. ➢ Carbon dioxide fire tender
➢ Dry chemical fire tender

14. CHEMICAL HAZARDS

15. CAUSES
➢Irritants are materials that can cause inflammation of
the body surface with which they come in contact.
Common irritants substances such as: NITROGEN
DIOXIDE, OZONE etc.
➢Chemical asphyxiants render the body incapable of
maintaining an adequate oxygen supply. Examples
include: CARBON MONOOXIDE etc.

16. ➢Depressant effect upon the central nervous
system, particularly the brain. Examples
include: CHLOROFORMS, ALCOHOLS etc.
➢Hepatotoxic agents can cause damage to the
liver. Examples include: CARBON TETRACHLORIDE,
METYLENE CHLORIDE etc.
➢ Nephrotoxic agents can damage the
kidneys. Examples include: URANIUM COMPOUND.

17. PREVENTIONS
➢Train employees to follow safe handling and
application procedures for maintenance or pesticides
chemicals.
➢Do not use excessive grease or lubricants on
equipment.
➢Regularly re-evaluate all procedures to ensure they
effectively remove chemicals.
➢ Store chemicals in designated areas awayfrom
food, ingredients and packaging.

18. ➢Ensure chemical container are clearly labeled or
colour coded, and that they are used only for
chemicals.
➢Receive raw ingredients from reputable suppliers
that effectively control chemical hazards.
➢Ensure restricted ingredients and additives are
correctly measured.
e.g Hexachlorophene. Because of its toxic effect
it penetrate human skin. So it used only
when an alternative preservative has not been
shown to be as effective.

19. Safety measures
➢ Respirator must be used in all the gas storage
places (specifically chemical gas)
➢ Body should be fully covered whenever people
are interacting with hazardous chemicals.
➢ When skin burn happens due to chemicals use
alkaline solution always instead of water.

20. MECHANICALHAZARDS

21. EXAMPLE OF WORK EQUIPMENT
Work Equipment Examples
Hand tools Hammers, Knives, Screwdrivers etc.
Power tools powered screw drivers, drill machine etc.
Machinery Photocopiers, food production line etc.
Apparatus Bunsen burners
Other Ladders etc.

22. CAUSES AND PREVENTIONS
➢ Rotating Machinery
causes
Machinery with rotating parts can catch loose
clothing, hands or hair, potentially
causing serious injuries.
Prevention
Ensure rotating shafts, belts and pulleys are
covered by guards, lids or covers.
➢ Tools
Causes
Careless use of tools or use of tools in poor
condition can cause injuries to the hands, eyes,
head and limbs.
Prevention
regularly check tools for defects or damage

23. ➢ Magnets
Causes
Large, powerful magnets or electromagnets can attract
other magnets or iron/nickel objects which can cause
painful pinching of fingers or hands if caught between the
two.
Prevention
inform peoples of this hazard before such magnets are
used.
➢ Glassware
Causes
Any kind of glassware has the potential to break, thus
creating the risk for cuts.
Preventions
• wear goggles for eye protection.
• use heat-resistant glassware.
•clean up any broken glass immediately and dispose of in a
special waste bin.

24. Website: www.probecell.com Email: probecellinfo@gmail.com
Ph: 7415211131
Office: Smriti Nagar, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh - 490020
https://youtube.com/c/ParagJainthunderpassionate https://www.facebook.com/thesisresearchwriting
Research article Review article Thesis Synopsis PhD Title Research guidance