PHILOSOPHICAL-FOUNDATIONS-Copy (1).pptx

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FOUNDATIONS
OF EDUCATION
ED 201
UNIVERSITY OF ANTIQUE
College of Teacher Education

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) ED 201: Foundations of Education
Reporters:
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Abiera, Mycah C.
Allo, Mardee S.
Argoncillo, Ma. Dayna P.
Asejo, Sasmer H.
Baleña, Lady Angelie P.
Candari, Genalyn V.
Cordova, Carlo B.
Dela Cruz, John Gil O.
Dela Cruz, Ma. Theresa P.
Dollete, Heidie P.
Española, Ma. Fe P.
Guanzon, Althea C.
Gumia, Marissa S.
Lavanza, Zalvy R.
Lumayag, Shela Marie M.
Mission, Esther S.
Nonesco, Honelyn E.
Odango, Annaliza B.
Odango, Cristina O.
Sangat, Alna Jane B.
Sansolis, Kirstheen Marie Y.
Santoluma, Gerald N.
Sapio, Aime Rose M.

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I. Philosophical Foundations of Education
Philosophy, its four major branches, its nature, scope, and role in education.
A.Educational Philosophies During the Ancient Period
1. Comparison and/or Contrast of the different philosophies in terms of:
a. proponents
b. significant contributions to education
B. Educational Philosophies During the Medieval Period
1. Educational beliefs and principles of the philosophies
a. Medieval Philosophers
2. Significant contributions to education
C. Educational Philosophies During the Modern Period
1. Educational beliefs and principles of the philosophies
2. Significant contributions in education
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1.Understand Philosophy, its four major branches, its nature, scope,
and role in education.
2.Compare and contrast the different philosophies in terms of
proponents and significant contributions in education during the
ancient, and medieval periods in history.
3.Explain the educational beliefs and principles of numerous
philosophies during the modern period.
4.Recognize the relevance of philosophies in the development and
improvement of education.

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It came from the Greek words
“Philo” meaning love and “Sophia”
meaning wisdom. It is a set of ideas
formulated to understand the basic
truth about the nature of being and
thinking.

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01 02
03 04
Epistemology
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Metaphysics
Logic Axiology

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It is the study of knowledge.
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Epistemology is a theory of knowledge in all its forms
and applications of how it is formulated and expressed
and communicated. Under this, there are two theories of
knowledge:
(1) Tabula rasa or the knowledge that comes from
experience, the main proponent was John Locke
(2) the innate knowledge or the knowledge that are
inherently present in your being, the known
proponent was Plato.
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It deals with the questions of
reality – its nature, meaning and
existence.
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Is a term used to describe the various types of
reasoning structures, the relationship of ideas,
deduction, and inference, and in modern times
symbolic logic which becomes quite mathematical.
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It deals with the study of
values.
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Philosophy of Education is a system of rationally
supported assumptions and beliefs about education. It
also provides an individual a strong foundation in
meeting the demands of his profession and in coping
with the problems brought about by multifarious
activities of man.
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The role of philosophy in education is to provide
the learners the ability to synthesize, criticize,
assimilate, and evaluate a variety and huge
mass of knowledge. The goal of this is to make a
well-rounded developed man, cultured, refined, and
fully equipped.
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A.Educational Philosophies During the Ancient Period
Introduction to Ancient Educational Philosophy
1.Comparison and/or Contrast of the different philosophies in terms of:
a.Proponents
1.Socrates
2.Plato
3.Aristotle
b. Significant contributions in education
1.Socratic Method
2.Idealism
3.Realism
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Educational Philosophies
Reporters:
Abiera, Mycah C.
Asejo, Sasmer H.
Dollete, Heidie P.
Mission, Esther S.
Sansolis, Kirstheen Marie Y.

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The Ancient era includes the work of the Greek and
Roman thinkers, some of which were influenced by
the early Egyptian and Mesopotamians era. The Greek
philosophy was the most creative; this era falls into
three (3) parts, Pre-Socratic, the Socratic age, and the
schools that followed these intellectual giants,
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
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The three main philosophies in the ancient period
are the Socratic Method, Idealism, and Realism of
which the leading proponents are the classical
philosophers Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
To compare and/or contrast these viewpoints, let us
first get to know these ancient western philosophers.
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Discussant:
Abiera, Mycah C.

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) Comparison and/or Contrast of the different
philosophies in terms of proponents
469-399 BC
Socrates Plato Aristotle
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428-347 BC 384-322 BC

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• Teacher of Plato
• Father of Western
Philosophy
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• Developed his famous Socratic
Method.
• He taught universal principles of
truth, beauty, and goodness.
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• Socrates believed that education is not a
process of learning.
• Socrates emphasized that he is not teaching,
but he is merely reminding {maieutics} us of the
truth, which is already inside us (Plato,
Theaetetus, 155d).
• Socrates did not teach people in an institution,
school or one place.
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• According to Socrates, everything is opened to
question, answers and criticism (Plato, Gorgias
482c).
• Socrates claimed we should question a law, religion,
politics and so forth (Plato, Apology 39c,d).
• Socrates highly rejected Sophists' idea that wisdom is
a rational knowledge.
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• Socrates' way of education was the most liberal one
and without any further order, examinations or
regulations.
• Socrates employed a new method called dialectic
• Socrates encouraged his followers to think critically
• According to Socrates, we can educate ourselves by
thinking critically
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• Socrates claimed that philosophy is the far-reaching
quest for wisdom
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Discussant:
Asejo, Sasmer H.

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• Student of Socrates
• Most influential
philosopher among the
Greek thinkers
• First one to use the term
“philosophy” as “love of
wisdom”
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• Believes that most of the evils in society could be
removed by providing proper education.
• Every person should do the best thing throughout life.
• Idea of education is connected to his ideal state.
• Education is a tool for the state.
• He pounces that there are three classes in the state
that must be well-trained and educated to do their
duties with efficiency.
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• He thinks that that education is a kind of positive measure
• He doesn’t support private education rather he stresses the
need of keeping education with a state only.
• Through education a state could get the best philosopher
king.
• Education is the most important scheme to have a just
society.
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• Plato says that education is related to individual
beings and social characteristics. So, he gives
important individual to understand knowledge which is
equivalent to virtue.
• He stated that education for all the citizens (man and
women) of the state.
• Through education individual can develop their mental
abilities and can become respected units of state.
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• According to him education should be provided for
moral and physical improvement of the child.
• Significant aspect of his education is to prepare the
philosopher king.
• Plato believes that the highest goal of educational
curriculum is the knowledge of good.
• Plato gives important to a place where children love to
go and thereby learn many things from learning.
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• He gave much more importance to the nursery or
primary education.
• At the elementary level he focuses on the play
method.
• He believes in the concept of learning by doing.
• He was against the concept of forced education.
• He believes that Education should be both physical
and mental growth.
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He believes that…
• A teacher has a most important role in shaping the life
of a student.
• A teacher should guide the student constantly.
• A person who possesses a high integrity should be a
teacher.
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He believes that…
• The person should be deep committed towards the
profession of teaching.
• He should have high sense of responsibility.
• The role of a teacher is to always teach the morally
right thing.
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Discussant:

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• Student of Plato and Tutor to Alexander
the Great
Presented four different but interrelated
causes:
1.Material cause (What is a thing made of?)
2.Formal cause (What kind of a thing is it?)
3.Efficient cause (Where does a thing come
from?)
4.Final cause (What would be the use of a
thing?)
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saw education as moral training, and he is the main
proponent of Realism. He taught that human beings
are rational. A man then knows how to reason.
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• Aristotelian education aims to make one a good
citizen of the polis and therefore the education is
tailored to make citizens good and happy because
only good citizens can create a good society – the
good city-state.
• Provides the model which helps to maintain the
balance between body, mind and soul or synthesis
of theoretical, practical, and technical tasks.
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• Aristotle believes that learners should not rely
exclusively on education based on reason revealing
causes of things, but students should also cultivate
their learning through habits (Aristotle, Book I,
1094b.24).
• Education in the Aristotelian sense is a combination
of learning through the reason and habits as well.
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• Aristotle did not agree with limitations when it comes
to education in a general sense, though it is worth
mentioning that women, servants and other inferior
groups should not be educated according to Aristotle.
• Aristotle clearly emphasized that opportunity to study
further as long as one is willing to study should be
supported by polis and other citizens producing
exceptional scholars is beneficial for the entire society
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• Aristotle's concept is not based on the challenge or
rivalry that is pushing us forward
• Aristotelian model of education should be regarded as
an excellent theoretical concept of learning,
• Aristotelian model of education is arguably the most
compelling in comparison to Plato or Socrates because
Aristotle introduced to us the system of education
which is well-balanced
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Summary of Aristotle’s Philosophy
• “The happy man, the good man is a virtue man, but
virtuous is acquired precisely through education”.
• “The man who is to be good must be well trained and
habitual”
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Socrates, Plato and Aristotle all believed that man was not
self-sufficient, they believed man would be most happy living
in a state. They also believed that all men wanted to live the
truly good life where they could be in tune with the truth and
achieve their ultimate goals. Although Socrates, Plato and
Aristotle's views are similar, Plato's view is more rational than
Socrates and Aristotle's in the sense that he created an ideal
state
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) Comparison and/or Contrast of the different
philosophies in terms of significant contributions to
education
Socratic
Method
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Idealism Realism

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Discussant:

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• This is Socrates’ way of teaching during ancient
times that brough to light the often-false
assumptions on which claims to knowledge are
based.
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• In its simplest form, the Socratic method of teaching
is a thought-provoking dialogue between an
instructor and their students.
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Socratic Method Benefits
1. Encourages students to explore their thoughts and
beliefs.
2. Improve a student's critical thinking skills.
3. Can be beneficial for improving reading comprehension
4. It keeps students engaged
5. It gets students ready to think quickly and it forces them
to be prepared and attentive.
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Example of Socrates’ Dialectical Method
Q: So, you think that the gods know everything?
A: Yes, because they are gods.
Q: Do some gods disagree about what is true and right?
A: Yes, of course they do. They are always fighting.
Q: So, some gods can be wrong sometimes?
A: I suppose they must do.
Q: Therefore, the gods cannot know everything!
A: I suppose that is true.
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Discussant:
Mission, Esther S.
Sansolis, Kirstheen Marie Y

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• Idealism is the oldest system of philosophy known
to man.
• Two main viewpoints of Idealism:
1. The human spirit is the most important element in life;
and
2. The universe is essentially nonmaterial in its ultimate
nature.
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• Emphasizes the pre-eminent importance of mind,
soul, or spirit.
• The word idealism is derived from two distinct
sources- the idea and the ideal. Idea means
true and testified knowledge. The word ideal stands
for the perfected form of an idea or ideas.
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Idealists’ views:
Plato wants to convey the message that matter is
real and can be experienced as a rational living
entity; it is not a mere projection of consciousness.
Kant described idealism as transcendent.
Berkeley called it 'immaterialism’.
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• Idealism is a philosophical belief and outlook that
material things do not exist independently in the
physical world but only in the mind.
• Plato believed education helped move individuals
collectively toward achieving good. Those who were
brighter should rule, others should assume roles to
maintain the state. The philosopher-king would lead
the state to the ultimate good. Its focus is on the mind.
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Implications of Idealism to Education
• Idealistic education aim is the preservation,
enrichment, and transmission of culture.
• Education must contribute to the development of
overall culture.
• Helps a person to become much more rational.
• Idealism in education means to develop a good
relation between student and a teacher.

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• All material things are explainable.
• Ultimate reality is spiritual.
• Nature possesses meaning and purpose.
• Knowledge is independent of sense experience.
• Start with the idea and end with something.
• Universe as being made of mind or reason.
• High regard for individuality and freedom in education

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• Must provide for the development of the mind of
every learner.
• Should develop the potentiality of man.
• Emphasize the intellectual, moral, and aesthetic
judgment of the learner.

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Educational Aim
• Develop and apply practical knowledge and skills for
life in a progressive democratic society.
• Individual growth through processes, experience and
problem solving.

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Roles of a Teacher
• Accept the ideas of the student.
• Facilitate thinking through generation of ideas.
• Encourages the students to share their own ideas.

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Goal of an Idealist Classroom
Its educational goal is transformation thru ideas that
change lives because through ideas that was being
perceived it was translated into language and then it was
being put into action.

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Methods of Instruction
• Lecture method is considered the most important one
in which a teacher delivers lecture and students listen to
the teacher (teacher-centered approach).

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Role of the School
• A miniature society
• Gives the child balance and genuine experience in
preparation for life democratic living.
• Place where ideas are tested, implemented, and
restructured.

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IDEALISM AS A PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION

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Discussants:

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• Realism (from Latin res, which means thing) is a
philosophical viewpoint that nature and its order and
symmetry are the source of knowledge that human
beings need.
• Realism is opposed to idealism because it holds that
the specific nature of a thing that exists
independently outside the mind. Its focus is on the
body.

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• Like idealism, realism is one of the oldest philosophies in
Western culture and dates back at least to ancient
Greece.
• Realism rejects the idealist notion that only ideas are real.
• In realism, human acquire knowledge by inculcating
knowledge to the minds because in realism, it believes
that the human beings have no inborn, or innate, ideas in
their minds at birth – Tabula rasa.

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Important Points about Realism:
• Propositions are true only if they correspond with known facts.
• Physical matter is the ultimate reality. Nature and science are
real.
• Knowledge is derived through sense experience.
• Starts with a thing and ends up with idea.
• An attempt to portray life as it is.
• Recognizes the importance of individual education.
• To provide man with the essential knowledge he needs to
survive in nature.

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Aims of Education
It prepares the child for a happy and
successful life
It prepares the child for real life.

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Realism and Curriculum.
It was developed according to utility and needs.
It contains subjects concerning day to day
activities. The main subjects are natural science,
physical science, health culture, physical exercise,
math, geography, history, and astronomy.

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Realism and the Teacher.
In realism,
• A teacher should be supreme.
• Brings the child in touch with external realities of
life.
• Impart scientific knowledge in an easy and
effective way.

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Realism and the Teacher.
In realism,
• A teacher should be educated and well versed with
the customs of belief and rights of people and the
trends. He needs to find out the interest of the child
and to teach accordingly.
• Should teach subjects in proper order. He must be
able to expose and guide the learners towards the
hard realities of life.

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Methods of Teaching.
Observation is a very important aspect
in the teaching-learning process. The
emphasis on critical reasoning is
through observation.

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Realism in Classroom.
It focuses on the basics of reading,
writing and arithmetic. The classroom
environment is highly structured and
organized. It utilizes standardized
testing.

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REALISM AS A PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION

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Socratic Method IDEALISM REALISM
 It helps develop
critical thinking
skills.
 It gets students
ready to think
quickly.
 It forces students
to be prepared and
attentive.
 All material things are
explainable.
 Ultimate reality is spiritual.
 Nature possesses meaning
and purpose.
 Knowledge is independent
of sense experience.
 Start with the idea and end
with something.
 Propositions are true only
if they correspond with
known facts.
 Physical matter is the
ultimate reality. Nature
and science are real.
 Knowledge is derived
through sense
experience.
 Starts with a thing and
ends up with idea.
Comparison and/or Contrast of the different philosophies in
terms of significant contributions to education

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Socratic Method IDEALISM REALISM
 It helps
develop critical
thinking skills.
 It gets
students ready
to think
quickly.
 It forces
students to be
prepared and
attentive.
 Universe as being made of mind
or reason.
 High regard for individuality and
freedom in education
 Must provide for the development
of the mind of every learner.
 Should develop the potentiality of
man.
 Emphasize the intellectual, moral,
and aesthetic judgment of the
learner
 An attempt to portray
life as it is.
 Recognizes the
importance of
individual education.
 To provide man with
the essential
knowledge he needs
to survive in nature
Comparison and/or Contrast of the different philosophies in
terms of significant contributions to education

PHILOSOPHICAL-FOUNDATIONS-Copy (1).pptx

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