6. What is philosophy?
Among the ancient Greeks, the philosophers
became the pioneers in various fields of
knowledge such as history, biology, medicine,
astronomy, and even physics.
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7. What does it mean to be a lover of wisdom?
What characteristics should a philosopher
posses?
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8. Questions regarding human existence
◈ What is real? Are we able to perceive and
understand reality and everything in it?
◈ How do we know what we know? Are the
things that we know true?
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9. Questions regarding human existence
◈ What is the ultimate cause of all things?
What is our purpose in this world?
◈ To what extent are our choices and actions
considered “free”?
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10. What are some philosophical questions have
you asked yourself?
What lead you to ponder those questions?
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11. Do you think that you will be able to figure out
the answers to these philosophical questions?
Explain.
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13. 13
Pythagoras (570 BCE to 459 BCE)
• A mathematician and scientist.
• Credited with formulating the
Pythagorean Theorem.
• His work earned him many
followers, and he established a
community of learners who
were devoted to the study of
religion and philosophy.
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Heraclitus (535 BCE to 475 BCE)
• Proposed that everything that
exists is based on a higher
order or plan which he called
“logos”.
• For him, change is a
permanent aspect of the
human condition.
15. 15
Democritus (460 BCE to 370 BCE)
• Devoted himself to the study
of the causes of natural
phenomena.
• Among the first to propose
that matter is composed of
tiny particles called atoms.
16. 16
Diogenes of Sinope
(412 BCE to 323 BCE)
• A known advocate of living a
simple and virtuous life.
• For him, one should not talk
of virtue, but should show it in
words and actions.
17. 17
Epicurus (341 BCE to 270 BCE)
• Believed that philosophy
could enable a man to live a
life of happiness.
18. 18
Socrates (470 BCE to 399 BCE)
• Considered the foremost
philosopher of ancient times.
• He was credited with
formulating the Socratic
method.
19. 19
Plato (427 BCE to 347 BCE)
• A student of Socrates;
• Known for his dialectic – a
method of inquiry where two
opposing ideas as discussed in
an attempt to arrive at new
knowledge.
20. 20
Aristotle (384 BCE to 322 BCE)
• A prominent student to Plato;
• His studies in logic led to the
formulation of a formal
process of analyzing
reasoning which gave rise to
deductive reasoning.
22. Sense of Wonder (PLATO)
◈ Whenever we are confronted with an
experience, we always wonder how it came
about.
◈ “Where did we come from?” “Why do we
exist?” “For what purpose are we created?”
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23. Doubt (RENE DESCATRES)
◈ Descartes was famous for rejecting or
questioning established ideas, and he even
went as far as doubting his own ideas.
◈ A critical and questioning perspective is
necessary to determine if indeed these ideas
or views are correct or true.
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24. Experience (KARL JASPERS)
◈ A man is often confronted by experiences
which challenges his ideas and frameworks.
◈ These challenges are called limit situations,
which are often accompanied by feelings of
hopelessness, anxiety, or dread.
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25. Love of Wisdom (SOCRATES)
◈ To love wisdom is to have an insatiable
desire for truth.
◈ A philosopher seeks to continue to question,
to probe, and to discuss in order to get to the
bottom of things.
◈ “An unexamined life is not worth living.”
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26. What are some situations that compel
a person to engage in philosophical
thinking?
How can a person benefit from
philosophizing? 26
32. Philosophy of the Human Person
• The area in philosophy which understands
the human person from a philosophical
perspective – integrating and synthesizing
the different branches of philosophy and
other fields of study to know the truth about
the human person.
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33. Review
• What is philosophy?
• Why is there a need to philosophize?
• What are the branches of philosophy?
• What is “Philosophy of the Human Person”?
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34. Is it possible for any person to engage
in philosophical discussion?
Why?
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