wind turbine process

1. WIND ENERGY
Muhammad Hamza
2016-ag -7399
6th semester
B.Sc. Textile Technology

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 History
 Conversion
 Types of wind turbines
 Components of HAWT
 Advantages and Disadvantages
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

3. INTRODUCTION
 Winds are horizontal movement of AIR from an area of HIGH
pressure(H) to an area of low pressure(L).
 • Wind energy is a kinetic energy associated with movement of large
masses of air.
 • It is clean, cheap, and eco-friendly renewable source.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

4.  According to a survey, Pakistan possesses more than 20,000MW of economically
viable wind power potential.
 But by the end of year 2003, only 500W had been installed in the country.
 During the last 3 years, PCRET (Pakistan council of renewable energy technology)
installed 130 units of total generating capacity of 143 kW with wind turbines of 0.5–
10 kW capacity/unit
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

5. HISTORY
 The electric power generation through wind was first proposed in Denmark in 1890
 The first onshore wind farm was constructed in 1991 in Cornwall and it included 10
wind farms which collected together to produce electricity enough for approximately
2700 homes.
 Now over 7000 wind turbines are used to produce 6.5 GW and there are searches to
have 20 GW of power capacity installed by 2020.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

6. CONVERSION
 Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical
power.
 This mechanical power can be used for specific tasks (such as grinding
grain or pumping water) or a generator can convert this mechanical
power into electricity.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

7. UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

8. TYPES OF WIND TURBINES
 HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE HAWT
 VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE (VAWT)
But HAWT is commonly used due to its higher efficiency
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

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10. COMPONENTS OF HAWT
 ROTOR
 NACELLE
 LOW SPEED SHAFT
 GEAR BOX
 BRAKE
 HIGH SPEED SHAFT
 GENERATOR
 YAW SYSTEM
 TOWER
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

11. ROTOR (BLADES & HUB )
 Blades:
Turbine blades are made of high density wood or glass fiber
 Hub
The central solid portion of the rotor wheel is known as hub. All
blades are attached to the hub. The mechanism for pitch angle control is
also provided inside the hub.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

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13. NACELLE
 The term nacelle is derived from the name for housing (casing)
containing the engines of an wind turbine (Aerogenerator).
 • The rotor is attached to the nacelle, and mounted at top of a tower.
 It contains rotor brakes, gearbox, generator, low and high speed shafts,
electrical switchgear and control.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

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15.  LOW SPEED SHAFT :
 The low speed shaft is turned by the motion of a wind turbines blades as they rotate.
The low speed shaft transfers kinetic energy to the gearbox.
 • GEARBOX : The gearbox steps up the shaft rpm to suit the generator. It is a heavy
and expensive piece of equipment that connects the low speed shaft to the high speed
shaft.
 • HIGH SPEED SHAFT : The high speed shaft connects the gearbox to the
generator and its sole purpose is to drive the generator so that it can produce
electricity.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

16. BRAKE :
 Brakes are used to stop the rotor when power generation is not desired.
 Turbine do not operate at wind speed above about 25m/s because they
might be damaged by high winds.
 Generally drum brake or disk brake is used to stop turbine in emergency
situation and at maintenance situations.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

17. GENERATOR
 Wind power generator converts wind energy (Mechanical energy) to
electrical energy.
 The generator is attached at one end to the wind turbine, which provides
the mechanical energy and at other end is connected to the electrical grid.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

18. YAW-CONTROL MECHANISM
 The yaw-control system continuously orients the rotor in the direction of
wind.
 The yaw motor will be found inside the tower underneath the nacelle and
will turn the nacelle and the rotor to face the current wind direction.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

19. CONTROL SYSTEM
 The control system continuously adjusts the pitch to obtain optimal
performance.
 The controller starts up the machine at wind speed of about 5 m/s and shuts off
the machine at about 25 m/s.
 The control system is also the mechanism that will calculate the most efficient
pitch and yaw for the turbine dependent on wind speed and direction.
 Control system gets wind data (speed & direction ) from velocity sensor fitted
at top of the nacelle.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

20. TOWER
 The tower supports the
nacelle and rotor. Its
height approximately
two to three times the
blade length. But,
practically maximum
height is estimated to
be roughly 60 m.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

21. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• Advantages Disadvantages
• No pollution. • Depending on how energetic a wind site
is, the wind farm may or may not be cost
competitive.
• Don’t produce atmospheric emissions
that cause acid rains and green house
effects.
• Wind energy systems are noisy in
operation
• Lowest prices renewable resources • Birds and bats have been killed by flying
into the rotors
• Wind turbines requires less space
than average power stations.
• Installation & Maintenance cost of wind
turbine is high.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

22. OFFSHORE & ONSHORE WIND TURBINE
 Offshore wind farms
 More wind speeds
 Less noise pollution
 More production
 Difficult to install and maintain
 Energy losses due to long distance for transport
 Onshore wind farms
 less voltage drop off on the cabling due to shorter
distance
 Easy to install and maintain
 High noise pollution
 Less wind speeds
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24. VIDEO
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