2. Introduction
• A wind turbine obtains its power input by converting the force of the wind
into a torque (turning force) acting on the rotor blades.
• The amount of energy which the wind transfers to the rotor depends on the
density of the air, the rotor area, and the wind speed.
• A typical 600 kW wind turbine has a rotor diameter of 43-44 meters, i.e. a
rotor area of some 1,500 square meters.
• The rotor area determines how much energy a wind turbine is able to
harvest from the wind.
3. SITE SELECTION OF WIND POWER PLANT
• Most important decision throughout your installation.
• Vital part in the performance and efficiency of a wind turbine.
• High, exposed sites.
• Not suitable sites in highly populated residential areas.
• Avoid roof mounted turbines.
• Power transmission loss
• Distance between the turbine and the nearest obstacle
• Connection with national power grid
4. Working Principle of Wind turbine
• Wind turbines convert kinetic energy from the wind that passes
over the rotors into electricity.
• The kinetic energy in the wind turns two or three propeller-like
blades around a rotor. The rotor is connected to the main shaft,
which spins a generator to create electricity.
• Wind turbines are mounted on a tower to capture the most
energy. At 100 feet (30 meters) or more above ground, they can
take advantage of faster and less turbulent wind.
• wind turbine works the opposite of a fan. Instead of using
electricity to make wind, like a fan, wind turbines use wind to
make electricity.
5. Typical wind turbine components
1 - Foundation
2 - Connection to the electric grid
3 - Tower
4 - Access ladder
5 -Wind orientation control (Yaw control)
6 - Nacelle
7 - Generator
8 - Anemometer
9 - Electric or Mechanical brake
10 - Gearbox
11 - Rotor blade
12 - Blade pitch control
13 - Rotor hub
6. Function of each component
• The anemometer is use for measuring the wind speed. It then transmits this
information to the controller.
• Wind vane use for Wind direction and speed measured also it communicated
to the controller.
• In an emergency the turbine can be stopped by applying the brake. This can
be done either mechanically, electrically or hydraulically. When the wind
speed reaches 6 - 16 miles per hour (10 - 26km per hour) the controller
starts the machine up. When the wind speed reaches 55 miles per hour (88
km per hour) the controller then shuts the machine off as winds speeds in
excess of this speed may damage the blades.
• The gearbox works the same as the one found in a car it is meant to control
the rate at which the turbines accelerate.
7. • The pitch turns the blades out of the wind when necessary and in
this way controls the speed of the blades. The rotor consists of the
blades and the hub.
• The tower provides the height and support to the blades in order
to catch the wind.
• The yaw drive ensures that the turbine continues run on wind
direction While the yaw drive controls the turbine, the yaw motor
controls the yaw drive.
8. Calculation of wind power
Power in the Wind = ½ρAV3
where ρ = Effect of air density,
A = Effect of swept area,
V = Effect of wind speed
Area of the circle swept by the rotor (m2).
Swept Area: A = πR2
9. Advantages of Wind Power
• Energy For Free Of Cost.
• Produces Electricity Throughout The Day.
• Pollution Free And Clean.
• Vast Wind Energy Is Available. (10 Million Mw)
• Can Supply The Power To Remote Areas.
• Economically Competitive.
• Mechanical Power For Grading, Pumping Etc. ; Using Wind Energy.
• Wind Energy Domestic, Renewable Source Of Energy .
• Up To 95 % Land Of Wind Farms Can Be Used For Ranching, Farming And
Forestry.
10. Disadvantages of Wind Power
• Low energy density.
• Irregular , unsteady wind energy
• Variable speed.
• Variable wind direction.
• Higher capital cost.
• Can be located only in vast open areas .
• Far location from load centers.
• Complex designs.
