2. INTRODUCTION:
Course Tittle & Code:
Introduction to Bast Fiber Crops (PBG-317)
Presented By:
Ahmad Javid (2016-AG-7411).
Ammar Javed (2016-AG-7407).
Ali Hassan (2016-AG-7413).
B.Sc. Textile Technology (5th Semester).
Dept. Fiber & Textile Technology.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
3. BAST FIBERS:
Fiber obtained from the outer layers (bast layers)of the stems of certain
plant. These included flax, jute, hemp, ramie, milkweed and kenaf.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
4. HEMP:
Hemp originated in Central Asia and South Asia.
It is cultivated for its fiber (bast fiber) or its edible seeds. It is sometimes
serve as sources of the drug marijuana and the drug preparation.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
9. SCIENTIFIC NAME:
The scientific name of Hemp is Cannabis sativa L. also called
Industrial hemp.
Hemp plant belong to the the family Cannabaceae.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
10. HEMP FIBER:
A fine light color, lustier and strong baste fiber extracted from bast plant.
The fiber of the cannabis plant, extracted from the stem and used to make
rope, strong fabrics, and paper.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
12. HISTORY OF HEMP FIBER:
The weaving of hemp fiber began over 10,000 years ago!
In Great Britain, hemp cultivation dates back to 800AD.
In the 16th Century, Henry encouraged farmers to plant the crop extensively to
provide materials for the British Naval flee.
The New English Dispensatory of 1764 suggested applying hemp roots to the skin for
inflammation.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
13. HISTORY OF HEMP FIBER:
In every society where people discovered Cannabis hemp, they often discovered the
five uses for hemp which include:
Hemp fibers.
Oil from the seeds.
The seeds for food.
As a medicine.
Used it for narcotic purpose.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
14. HISTORY OF HEMP FIBER:
For years, hemp farmers used a Hand Break operated machine when harvesting.
It would take care of all the processes, breaking the retted stalks and cleaning the fiber
to produce clean, straight hemp fiber which was equal to the best grades prepared on
hand brakes.
This machine was able to harvest 1000 pounds or more of clean hemp fiber per hour.
By 1920 the hemp crop was entirely handled by machinery.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
16. CULTIVATION OF HEMP FIBER:
Hemp first practised in China as early as 2800 B.C and also practiced in Europe and
than spreading throughout the rest of Europe during the Middle Ages.
Hemp is usually planted between March and May in the northern hemisphere and
between September and November in the southern hemisphere.
It matures in about three to four months.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
17. CULTIVATION OF HEMP FIBER:
The seeds are sown from mid-April to mid-May with grain drills to 4–
6 cm sowing depth.
Hemp needs less fertilizer. A total of 60–150 kg of nitrogen, 40–140 kg
phosphorus (P2O5) and 75–200 kg of potassium per acre for hemp fiber.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
18. Organic fertilizers such as manure can utilize industrial hemp well.
Neither weeds nor crop protection measures are necessary.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
CULTIVATION OF HEMP FIBER:
19. CULTIVATION OF HEMP FIBER:
For cultivation soil PH should lie between 6.0 up to 7.2
27 seed varieties in Canada – Seed and oil production or Fiber
41 varieties in European Union
Plant rows should 6 to 7 inches
Sowing start from April to Mid May in Canada.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
20. CULTIVATION OF HEMP FIBER:
3-4 weeks 12-15 inches tall with 90% ground cover for weed control.
No pesticides or herbicides approved for Hemp.
Mature to fiber in 60-90 days.
Seed production 110-150 days.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
22. PRODUCTION OF HEMP FIBER:
Seed Yield-300-800 lbs. per acre.
Yields 1 to 5.5 tons per acre of fiber.
12,000 lbs. straw per hectare = 5,000 pound
per acre.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
24. USES OF HEMP FIBER:
Hemp is used to make a variety of commercial and industrial products including rope,
clothes, food, paper, textiles, plastics, insulation and biofuel.
The bast fibers can be used to make textiles that are 100% hemp, but they are
commonly blended with other organic fibers such as flax, cotton or silk, to make
woven fabrics for apparel and furnishings.
Hemp oil from the seeds becomes solid and can be used in the manufacture of oil-
based paints, in creams as a moisturizing agent, for cooking, and in plastics.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
25. USES OF HEMP FIBER:
Hemp seeds have been used in bird feed mix as well.
A survey in 2003 showed that more than 95% of hemp seed sold in
the European Union was used in animal and bird feed.
Hemp paper is used for packaging, stationery, journals, fine art papers
and business cards.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
26. USES OF HEMP FIBER:
The stalk is processed to short fiber, tow and hurds.
Fiber and tow used in manufacturing paper, pulp, insulation mattings,
cordages, bio-degradable plastics, fabrics.
Hurds used for making Building materials and panels, horticultural
growth mats, animal bedding.
Raw material for industrial purposes, seed grain, feedstuff for animals.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
27. USES OF HEMP FIBER:
Hemp can provide two types of fuel.
Hemp biodiesel – made from the oil of the (pressed) hemp seed.
Hemp ethanol/methanol – made from the fermented stalk.
Hemp fuels- Environmentally friendly fuel sources.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
28. USES OF HEMP FIBER:
Use of oilcake – food products, feedstuff and fuel.
Hemp studies indicate a positive effect on organ function, immunity
levels, inflammation and muscle recovery.
30-40% of weight of hemp seed edible oils.
Contains all 21 amino acids including 9 essentials.
High in protein and good fatty acids.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
29. USES OF HEMP FIBER:
Used in Cosmetics:
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
30. USES OF HEMP FIBER:
As Auto parts:
Scientists say the materials are biodegradable
and can increase fuel efficiency since they
weigh about 30 percent less than currently
used materials.
Hemp fibers have higher strength-to-weight
ratios than steel and can also be considerably
cheaper to manufacture.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
31. USES OF HEMP FIBER:
Hemp used as
Textile
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
32. USES OF HEMP FIBER:
Used in manufacturing
Fiber glass & Carpts
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
33. ADVANTAGES OF HEMP:
Here are 6 health benefits of hemp seeds that are backed up by science.
Hemp Seeds Are Incredibly Nutritious.
Hemp Seeds May Reduce the Risk of Heart Disease.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
34. ADVANTAGES OF HEMP:
Hemp Seeds and Oil May Benefit Skin Disorders.
Hemp Seeds Are a Great Source of Plant-Based Protein.
Hemp Seeds May Reduce Symptoms of PMS and Menopause.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
